New Zealand Media Ownership 2018
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NEW ZEALAND MEDIA OWNERSHIP 2020 AUT research centre for Journalism, Media and Democracy (JMAD) Edited by Merja Myllylahti and Wayne Hope December 7, 2020 ABOUT THIS REPORT This report is part of JMAD’s ongoing series of reports on New Zealand media ownership. Since 2011, the AUT research centre for Journalism, Media and Democracy (JMAD) has published reports that document and analyse developments within New Zealand media. These incorporate media ownership, market structures and key events during each year. The reports are freely available and accessible to anyone via the JMAD research centre: https://www.aut.ac.nz/study/study-options/communication- studies/research/journalism,-media-and-democracy-research-centre 2020 report team To celebrate the JMAD research centre’s 10th anniversary, this 10th New Zealand media ownership report is co-written by AUT lecturers who are experts in their fields. The report is co-edited by the JMAD Co-Directors Dr Merja Myllylahti and Professor Wayne Hope. Contributors Dr Sarah Baker Dr Peter Hoar Professor Wayne Hope Dr Rufus McEwan Dr Atakohu Middleton Dr Merja Myllylahti Dr Greg Treadwell This report is covered by the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International. When reproducing any part of this report – including tables and graphs – full attribution must be given to the report author(s). 1 10TH ANNIVERSARY OF JOURNALISM, MEDIA AND DEMOCRACY RESEARCH CENTRE The AUT research centre for Journalism, Media and Democracy (JMAD) was established in 2010 by (then) Associate Professors Wayne Hope and Martin Hirst to promote research into the media and communication industries and to increase knowledge about news and professional practices in journalism. Former directors of the research centre have included Associate Professors Martin Hirst and Verica Rupar. Currently, Professor Wayne Hope and Dr Merja Myllylahti are co-directors of the research centre. JMAD has three ongoing projects, covering: • Patterns in New Zealand media ownership and trends in media (JMAD) • Election reporting in the media with AUT Media Observatory • Trust in news in New Zealand (JMAD) To date, the centre has produced 10 New Zealand media ownership reports; three election and media reports; and one report on trust in news in New Zealand. It has also organised five themed conferences with international keynotes and attendees. The centre has 10 active research members, whose research is regularly featured in New Zealand media. 2 CONTENTS About this report ..................................................................................................... 1 Contents ................................................................................................................... 3 Tables ....................................................................................................................... 6 Foreword: Co-directors Wayne Hope and Merja Myllylahti .................................. 7 Messages from the community................................................................................ 8 Summary ................................................................................................................. 9 1: Trends in global media ownership .................................................................... 10 Covid-19 and news publishing ........................................................................... 10 Covid-19 and the media-entertainment sector.................................................. 12 Covid-19 and platform companies ..................................................................... 13 Covid-19 and streaming services ....................................................................... 14 2. Main patterns in New Zealand media ownership ............................................ 16 Ownership changes ............................................................................................ 16 General ownership patterns .............................................................................. 19 Crown-owned entities ..................................................................................... 19 Independently-owned media companies ........................................................ 19 Private equity-owned media companies ........................................................ 20 Shareholder-owned media/telecom companies .............................................. 20 3: Key trends and patterns in media-market structures...................................... 23 Significant changes in market structure ........................................................... 23 General audience trends .................................................................................... 25 TV broadcasting ............................................................................................. 25 Print and online publishing ........................................................................... 26 Magazines ....................................................................................................... 27 Commercial radio ........................................................................................... 27 Online video and streaming ........................................................................... 28 4: Print and online news outlets ........................................................................... 29 3 Duopoly in print and online maintained ........................................................... 29 News sites’ page views and traffic up ................................................................ 31 Government’s support package and subsidies .................................................. 32 The impact on magazines .................................................................................. 34 Newspaper readership ....................................................................................... 35 Digital leadership in free and paid content....................................................... 38 5: Independent media ............................................................................................ 39 Independent media landscape ........................................................................... 39 6: Māori-language and Māori-interest media ....................................................... 47 The Māori media landscape ............................................................................... 47 Iwi radio .......................................................................................................... 48 Maori Television Service ................................................................................ 49 Māori language and Māori-interest shows on television New Zealand ........ 50 Māori language and Māori-interest shows on Three..................................... 50 Māori print and online media ........................................................................ 50 The Māori media in 2020 and the impact of Covid-19 ...................................... 51 The Māori Media Sector Shift: A restructuring of the sector ........................... 53 Māori – and te reo Māori – in mainstream news media ................................... 54 7: Television broadcasting ..................................................................................... 58 Tumultuous year for television broadcasting.................................................... 58 Support from the Government .......................................................................... 60 TVNZ and RNZ merger still on the table .......................................................... 61 Streaming video-on-demand services ................................................................ 65 8: Radio broadcasting ............................................................................................ 69 Strong growth in radio listenership .................................................................. 69 Job losses and the end of Radio Sport ............................................................... 72 Te Reo Irirangi o Aotearoa Radio New Zealand (RNZ) ..................................... 74 4 Community and student radio........................................................................... 77 9: Platforms ........................................................................................................... 79 Platforms dominate in visits and usage ............................................................ 79 10: Conclusions ...................................................................................................... 83 Factsheets .......................................................................................................... 84 References .............................................................................................................. 86 5 TABLES Table 1: General media ownership and market structure, New Zealand, 2020 .. 22 Table 2: Job losses New Zealand media industry, 2020 ....................................... 24 Table 3: Total visits to media websites from Jul-Sept 2020 ................................. 26 Table 4: Cross-platform audiences for print and online, New Zealand ............... 37 Table 5: Pricing of streaming & on-demand services in New Zealand, 2020 ....... 67 Table 6: Total NZ Commercial Radio Survey Report 3, 2020 .............................. 70 Table 7: Most-visited websites and platforms in January 2020........................... 80 Table 8: Market share of digital advertising, first half of 2020 ..........................