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Strategic Plan for Bird Conservation and Management on Department Of Strategic Plan for Bird conServation and ManageMent on dePartMent of defenSe l andS TABle of CONTENTS Acknowledgments 2 Purpose and Vision 2 Executive Summary 3 The Mission/Migratory Bird Link 4 Bird Conservation Goals and Objectives 5 Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) 8 Encroachment Minimization 10 Stewardship 12 Habitat and Species Management 14 Monitoring 16 Research 18 Partnerships/Cooperation 19 Communication and Education 20 Enhancing the Quality of Life 22 The Plight of Migratory Birds 23 Major Initiatives 26 Supporting the Mission into the Future 28 APPENDIX I 30 APPENDIX II 31 APPENDIX III 31 orchard oriole “The nation behaves well if it treats the natural resources as assets which it must turn over to the next generation increased, and not impaired, in value.” Front cover: – Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919), U.S. President, hunter-naturalist Trainers and natural resources personnel collaborated on Fort Riley’s 2010 INRMP to improve conditions for both training activities and grassland bird species. (from left: Dickcissel, Greater Prairie-Chicken, Henslow’s Sparrow) 1 PUrPoSe and viSion “A country worth defending is a country worth conserving.” – Major General Michael Lehnert, Commanding General, DoD’s bird conservation activities sustain and enhance the military testing, training, and Marine Corps Installations West 2005-2009 safety mission through proactive, habitat-based management strategies that maintain healthy landscapes and training lands. This document identifies actions that support and enhance the military mission while working to secure bird populations. It also provides a scientific basis for maximizing the effectiveness of resource management, enhancing eXecUtive SUMMarY The international PIF coalition is a partnership- based network that has expanded to include the biological integrity of DoD lands, and ensuring continued use of these lands to fulfill Biodiversity conservation is essential in sustaining more than 300 federal and state agencies and military training requirements. Participating in partnerships, such as Partners in Flight the natural landscapes required for the training nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) (PIF), helps DoD to more effectively meet its trust responsibility to conserve our nation’s and testing necessary to maintain military throughout the Western Hemisphere. PIF’s biodiversity while protecting the military mission. readiness. Managing for biodiversity can help mission is expressed in three related concepts: ensure that lands and waters are maintained in a • Helping Species at Risk – protecting species “healthy condition” and thereby facilitate greater before theybecome imperiled; flexibility in land use for military operations. • Keeping Common Birds Common – ensuring that This document is a compilation of current best common native birds, management practices and suggested focus areas both resident and migratory, remain common to help Commanders comply with the Migratory throughout their natural ranges; and Bird Treaty Act (MBTA), Bald and Golden • Voluntary Partnerships for Birds, Habitats and People – collaborating with partners to Eagle Protection Act, Executive Order 13186 conserve birds and their habitats. (Responsibilities of Federal Agencies to Protect Migratory Birds) and its associated Memorandum It has long been apparent that DoD’s installations of Understanding, and the Final Rule on Take of and ranges provide critical "steppingstones" of Migratory Birds by the Armed Forces. habitat for birds during their annual migrations One of the best ways to comply with these legal to and from Central and South America, and requirements is to continue ongoing conservation valuable nesting habitat during the breeding efforts at the installation level. This helps season. DoD is thus a key partner in the PIF protect and conserve birds and their habitats coalition, and the many bird conservation via implementation of our Integrated Natural activities in which DoD engages are an integral Resources Management Plans (INRMPs), as part of the broader efforts in which we partner. well as to build and maintain partnerships with Because of this, we call our collective bird other agencies and conservation entities. The conservation programs and activities DoD’s Department of Defense has blended conservation Partners in Flight, thus mirroring similar efforts actions with military preparedness since the being implemented through the National PIF passage of the Sikes Act in 1960. By its partnering network. with the PIF initiative in 1991, DoD became While our basic environmental responsibility ruffed grouse a leader in the effort to keep common birds is to wisely manage the land, water, and airspace common. entrusted to us, the imperative for DoD natural ACKNOWLEDGMENTS resource managers is to help Commanders implement their fundamental task of maintaining Our thanks to all authors, especially Chris Eberly (lead writer), John Arnett, Peter Boice, Tim Burr, military readiness. While this document focuses Alison Dalsimer, Rich Fischer, Joe Hautzenroder, Matt Klope, David Pashley, J. Michael Scott, and John on conserving migratory birds and their habitat Wiens. Special thanks to Joele Cuyler for the design and layout of this document, and via INRMPs, every goal and objective promoted Julie Zickefoose for the artwork. here is consistent with and supportive of We gratefully acknowledge the extensive support, cooperation, and dedication of natural resources efforts to train military personnel by stewarding managers on installations nationwide, together with the tireless efforts of DoD’s bird conservation the Nation’s resources. Regional and Working Group Representatives, and DoD biologists throughout the country – Our sincere thanks for your continuing efforts. 2 3 tHe MiSSion/MIGRATORY Bird linK dod ’S MIGRATORY Bird rePreSENTATIVES Bird CONSERVATION GOALS and oBJectiveS For many years, DoD has complied with the As part of DoD’s Natural Resources Program, Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) and taken DoD has established an ad hoc network of subject DoD has established goals and objectives to proactive measures regarding the conservation matter experts who provide technical information identify key bird conservation priorities and guide of migratory birds and their habitats through in support of migratory bird management on DoD the actions of its natural resource management implementation of installation INRMPs. lands. The National Technical Representative, activities. These priorities will be implemented to However, DoD historically operated under the who is funded by DoD to provide technical the extent they are required by DoD’s premise that the “incidental take” of migratory support and expertise regarding migratory bird legal obligations and specifically provided for by birds, including those occurring during training issues, coordinates inputs from this group, and is congressional appropriations. and testing operations to maintain readiness, charged by the DoD Natural Resources Program was not subject to the protections afforded to to: d od’s bird conservation goals, described on migratory birds via the MBTA. • collect/compile relevant technical information; the following pages, include: • Bird/Wildlife Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) In 2002, the U.S. District Court for the District • monitor trends; • Encroachment Minimization of Columbia ruled in Center for Biological • distribute DoD approved information to all Diversity v Pirie, 191 F. Supp.2d 161, that interested and appropriate stakeholders; and • Stewardship military readiness exercises that incidentally take • serve as a resource center for relevant technical • Habitat and Species Management migratory birds without a permit are subject to information and materials. • Monitoring the MBTA. Because authorized permits for take • Research of migratory birds existed only for activities the national technical representative car- • Partnership/Cooperation such as scientific research, education, and red-headed Woodpecker ries out these duties by: depredation control, there was no permit or • coordinating with the appropriate Military • Communication and Education incidental take authorization available for DoD Department Secretariat Staff to collect and • Enhancing the Quality of Life for take of migratory birds. the readiness action will have significant negative distributeinformation in support of DoD- approved taskers; The dilemma was remedied in part by Section effects on a population of migratory birds. 315 of the 2002 National Defense Authorization During this same time frame, Executive Order • providing DoD approved presentations, when directed, on technical migratory bird information Act, which required the Secretary of the Interior 13186, Responsibilities of Federal Agencies to Protect Migratory Birds, was issued. Through at regional conferences, workshops, and to prescribe regulations to exempt the Armed webinars; and Forces for the incidental taking of migratory birds this Executive Order, the President signaled that DoD should give appropriate consideration • providing technical assistance to DoD natural during military readiness activities. The resources professionals, when directed by DoD and Secretary of the Interior, working closely with to the protection of migratory birds when coordinated through the appropriate Military the Secretary of Defense, subsequently developed planning and executing military activities, and Department Secretariat Staff 1. a “Rule” to accommodate the take of migratory that any diminishment
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