Second Government of Robert Bourassa (Period Following The
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QUÉ BEC'S POSITIONS ON CONSTITUTIONAL AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL ISSUES FROM 1936 TO MARCH 2001 SECOND GOVERNMENT OF 299.The report produced by the Bélanger- ROBERT BOURASSA Campeau Commission confirms that (PERIOD FOLLOWING THE FAILURE OF in the discussions and decisions that THE MEECH LAKE ACCORD, JUNE 22, 1990 will be made regarding the political TO JANUARY 11, 1994) and constitutional future of Québec, two avenues must be considered in parallel: an in-depth reorganization of the current federal system or sover- eignty for Québec. The other solutions bec é would not answer the needs and aspi- rations of Québec society.319 300.The main idea behind the report and the recommendations of the Commis- sion is that Quebecers themselves must make the decisions which will affect their political and constitutional future. Source: Archives nationales du Qu Daniel Lessard With this, the Québec government ••• Status of Québec concurs. In good time, the people of Québec will be called upon to make 297.English Canada must clearly understand major decisions for its future. On the that, regardless of what is said or done, one hand, the Québec government Québec is today and always will be a retains its initiative and its ability to society that is distinct, free and able to assess the measures which will be 317 assume its destiny and development. in the best interest of Québec. On the 298.On September 4, 1990, the National other hand, the National Assembly Assembly adopted An Act to establish remains sovereign to decide on any the Commission on the Political and referendum question and, if necessary, Constitutional Future of Québec to adopt the appropriate legislative (Bélanger-Campeau Commission). The measures.320 preamble of this law states that Que- 301.On June 20, 1991, the Québec National becers are free to assume their own Assembly adopted An Act respecting destiny, to determine their political the process for determining the political status and to assure their economic, and constitutional future of Québec social and cultural development. The (“Bill 150”). The preamble of this law preamble goes on to mention the need reiterates that Quebecers are free to for redefining the political and consti- assume their own destiny, to determine tutional status of Québec.318 their political status and to assure their 317. Speech by Robert Bourassa upon the rejection of the Meech Lake Accord, Québec National Assembly, Journal des débats, June 22, 1990, p. 4134 (quotation [Translation]; see part 2 of this document). 318. Q.S. 1990, c. 34 (Part 3: document no. 24). 319. Statement by the Prime Minister of Québec, Robert Bourassa, and Gil Rémillard, Minister responsible for Canadian Intergovernmental Affairs, 1st addendum of the Report of the Commission on the Political and Constitutional Future of Québec, March 1991, p. 86. 320. Ibid., p. 87 (quotation). 72 QUÉ BEC'S POSITIONS ON CONSTITUTIONAL AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL ISSUES FROM 1936 TO MARCH 2001 economic, social and cultural develop- we only want this clause to allow the ment. The preamble also reaffirms the courts to interpret the Canadian Consti- need for redefining the political and tution based on our reality, our history.324 constitutional status of Québec.321 Distinct society: See also paragraphs 310 and 313 302.That the National Assembly, while (Charlottetown Accord). recognizing the right of the federal 305.From the analysis of the two options Parliament to pass a referendum act, made by the parliamentary commis- ask the federal government to abide sions set up under Bill 150, it demons- by the process established in Bill 150 trates that sovereignty is legitimate and, accordingly, not to initiate a and feasible. On a short-term basis, it pan-Canadian referendum that would points to costs both for Québec and the affect the political and constitutional rest of Canada. It also indicates from future of Québec, thus reaffirming the testimonies that an economic associa- right of Quebecers to assume their tion integrated into a political structure own destiny freely and to determine could lead to an efficient and harmo- alone their political and constitu- nious collaboration for the better well tional status.322 being of both communities.325 303.The government’s preferred option remains a radically renewed federal- ••• Constitutional reform process ism. A federalism in which Québec can 306.If anything can be concluded from the give full expression to what it is and most recent constitutional negotiations, share what it has in common with the it is that the existing process of consti- rest of Canada.323 tutional revision in Canada is discred- 304.The September 1991 federal propos- ited. The Québec government will not als recognize the distinct society in return to the negotiating table on the Constitution in two places. First in constitutional issues.326 the Charter for its interpretation and 307.On September 4, 1990, the National second in a Canada clause that is also Assembly adopted An Act to establish inserted in the Constitution. Nonethe- the Commission on the Political and less, the Canada clause must not be a Constitutional Future of Québec. This disguised preamble as that could be is an extraordinary commission bring- the case in the federal proposals as ing together representatives from the they are worded. The distinct society Québec National Assembly, society in concept must not be an artifice, but general and Québec representatives the recognition of an historic reality, from the House of Commons. Its man- since at least 1774, in the Québec Act. date is to study and analyze the political We do not want to be considered and constitutional status of Québec superior to the other provinces, we and to formulate recommendations to are not seeking any special privileges, this end.327 321. Q.S. 1991, c. 34, amend. by Q.S. 1992, c. 47 (Part 3: documents nos. 25 and 28). 322. Resolution of the Québec National Assembly dated November 27, 1991 (quotation; part 3: document no. 26). 323. Speaking notes for Gil Rémillard, Minister of Justice and Minister responsible for Canadian Intergovernmental Affairs, before a banquet of the Chambre de Commerce d’Anjou, Montréal, January 15, 1992, p. 8 (quotation). 324. Ibid., p. 9-10. 325. Speaking notes for Gil Rémillard, Minister of Justice and Minister responsible for Canadian Intergovernmental Affairs, at the Canadian Bar Association Meeting in Whistler, February 24, 1992, p.8 (See part 2 of this document). 326. Message to the people of Québec by Prime Minister Robert Bourassa, June 23, 1990 (See part 2 of this document). 327. Q.S. 1990, c. 34 (See part 3: document no. 24). 73 QUÉ BEC'S POSITIONS ON CONSTITUTIONAL AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL ISSUES FROM 1936 TO MARCH 2001 308.Québec can no longer accept being 4) Québec shares the objective of a one amongst eleven in the constitu- stronger and more dynamic eco- tional forum. We say no to a consti- nomic union. We must look for ways tuent assembly or any other form of that draw on intergovernmental negotiation that will put Québec face harmonization and joint consulta- to face as one amongst eleven.328 tion to develop the Canadian eco- 309.Following the Bélanger-Campeau Com- nomic union. The means proposed mission’s report, on June 20, 1991 the in September 1991 by the federal National Assembly adopted An Act government are disproportionate respecting the process for determining compared to the objectives. the political and constitutional future 5) A new distribution of powers is of Québec, which provided for the needed to clearly confirm Québec’s holding in June or October 1992 of a areas of jurisdiction. This distri- referendum on the sovereignty of bution must lead to a more effec- Québec and implemented two commit- tive, more cooperative federalism tees, one to examine matters relating to that will reduce overlapping and the accession of Québec to sovereignty provide Québec with the means it and the other, to examine any offer of needs to protect and promote its a new constitutional partnership.329 identity. 310.The principles Québec refers to in the 6) The federation must be renewed current constitutional debate are: constitutionally. In some areas of joint jurisdiction, simple adminis- 1) The substance of the five condi- trative arrangements maybe useful, tions included in the Meech Lake but they are not sufficient for the Accord cannot be altered. overhaul of the distribution of 2) The powers of the National Assem- powers we need. It is a known fact bly cannot be reduced without its that administrative agreements consent. Québec must be able to say remain at the mercy of federal “No” to any constitutional amend- legislation. They are insufficient. ment affecting the powers of the No level of government benefits National Assembly as well as the from a systematic recourse to admin- institutions and main features of istrative agreements. the Canadian federation. No Québec 7) The territorial integrity of Québec government can agree to a con- must be respected. The government stitutional accord that does not cannot accept having entrusted to include a veto. the courts the role of specifying 3) Constitutional recognition of Québec the nature and conditions for apply- as a distinct society is indispensable. ing the rights of Aboriginal peoples The concept cannot be an empty to self-government; Québec is pre- shell. It must have significant polit- pared to recognize Aboriginal ical and legal consequences. Peoples’ right to self-government, 328. Speech by Gil Rémillard, Minister of Justice and Minister responsible for