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Index Note: Page numbers in italic denote figures. Page numbers in bold denote tables. Abel, Othenio (1875–1946) Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, Robert Plot 7 arboreal theory 244 Astrodon 363, 365 Geschichte und Methode der Rekonstruktion... Atlantosaurus 365, 366 (1925) 328–329, 330 Augusta, Josef (1903–1968) 222–223, 331 Action comic 343 Aulocetus sammarinensis 80 Actualism, work of Capellini 82, 87 Azara, Don Felix de (1746–1821) 34, 40–41 Aepisaurus 363 Azhdarchidae 318, 319 Agassiz, Louis (1807–1873) 80, 81 Azhdarcho 319 Agustinia 380 Alexander, Annie Montague (1867–1950) 142–143, 143, Bakker, Robert. T. 145, 146 ‘dinosaur renaissance’ 375–376, 377 Alf, Karen (1954–2000), illustrator 139–140 Dinosaurian monophyly 93, 246 Algoasaurus 365 influence on graphic art 335, 343, 350 Allosaurus, digits 267, 271, 273 Bara Simla, dinosaur discoveries 164, 166–169 Allosaurus fragilis 85 Baryonyx walkeri Altispinax, pneumaticity 230–231 relation to Spinosaurus 175, 177–178, 178, 181, 183 Alum Shale Member, Parapsicephalus purdoni 195 work of Charig 94, 95, 102, 103 Amargasaurus 380 Beasley, Henry Charles (1836–1919) Amphicoelias 365, 366, 368, 370 Chirotherium 214–215, 219 amphisbaenians, work of Charig 95 environment 219–220 anatomy, comparative 23 Beaux, E. Cecilia (1855–1942), illustrator 138, 139, 146 Andrews, Roy Chapman (1884–1960) 69, 122 Becklespinax altispinax, pneumaticity 230–231, Andrews, Yvette 122 232, 363 Anning, Joseph (1796–1849) 14 belemnites, Oxford Clay Formation, Peterborough Anning, Mary (1799–1847) 24, 25, 113–116, 114, brick pits 53 145, 146, 147, 288 Benett, Etheldred (1776–1845) 117, 146 Dimorphodon macronyx 14, 115, 294 Bhattacharji, Durgansankar 166 Hawker’s ‘Crocodile’ 14 Birch, Lt. Col. Thomas James (c. 1768–1829) Ichthyosaurus 14, 115 ichthyosaurs 14–15, 23–24 plesiosaurs 17, 18, 25, 115 plesiosaurs 17, 25 pterodactyl 14, 115, 291 support for Mary Anning 23–24, 113, 115 Anning, Mary (or Molly) senior (1764–1842) 14, 25, 113 birds Anning, Richard (c. 1766–1810) 14, 113 digit identification 265–274 Antarctosaurus septentrionalis 164, 165 see also reptile-bird transition Apatosaurus 327, 365, 366, 371, 376, 377 Blanford, William Thomas (1832–1905), Indian see also Brontosaurus dinosaur discoveries 164, 165 Apatosaurus excelsus 85 Blikanasaurus cromptoni 91 Arambourgiania 289, 290, 318, 319 Born, Ignaz von (1742–1791) 279 Archaeopteryx 237–248 Borogovia, work of Osmo´lksa 134 classification post-1982 246–247 Borup, Yvette see Andrews, Yvette early debate 239–242, 253 Bowerbank, James Scott (1797–1877) 288 feather 237 Palaeornis 297 phylogeny 246–247 Pterodactylus giganteus 298–299, 302 research treatment by Owen 299, 302, 304–305 (1876–1926) 242–244 Brachiosaurus 371, 373–374, 375, 376, 377 (1926–1954) 244–245 Brachytrachelopan 380 post-1970 245–246 Bramwell, Cherrie Diane (1944–?) 130, 147 work of Huxley 241–242, 251, 256–257 British Museum (Natural History) Archaeopteryx bavarica 239 Leeds First Collection 50–51, 54, 55, 58, 62 Archaeopteryx lithographica 81, 237–239, 253 Leeds Second Collection 64, 65, 70–72 digit identity 268–269, 271 Woodward family illustrators 135–138 problems 94, 102 work of Alan Charig 90 specimens 237–239 Brodrick, Harold, ichnology, Cleveland Basin Archaeopteryx siemensii 238, 239 196–197, 198 archosaurs, work of Charig 92, 94, 96 Brontosaurus 366, 368, 369, 370, 370–372 Argentinosaurus 380 see also Apatosaurus Argyrosaurus 365, 368, 379 Brown, Barnum (1873–1963) 122–123, 124 Aristotelianism 6, 24 Indian expedition 164, 167 artwork 325–333, 336–338, 370–371, 375 Brown, Lilian (1887–1971) 123, 124 Triassic environment 221–226 Brown, Marion Raymond (1877–1910) 122–123 women illustrators 119, 120, 122, 125, 134–140 Buckland, Mary Morland (1797–1857) 119, see also comic strip 135, 146 388 INDEX Buckland, William (1784–1856) 288 Cheshire, ichnology 199 Chirotherium 209–210, 211 Chirotherium 210–227 Maastricht fossil 12 Chirotherium 209–227 Megalosaurus 20 artistic depiction 221–225, 226 Pterodactylus macronyx 14, 291 environment 219–227 Stonesfield ‘birds’ 291, 295 search for originator 215–219 Buckley, Arabella Burton (1840–1929), popular books Chirotherium barthi 209, 210, 212, 215 140–141, 146 Chirotherium kaupii 213 Bullock, William (c. 1773–1849), London Museum of Chirotherium sickleri 212 Natural History 14, 34 Chirotherium stortonense 210–212, 211, 213–215, 221 Burian, Zdenke (1905–1981), Triassic environment Choffat, Paul (1849–1919) 178 22–223, 224, 331 Chondrosteosaurus gigas 233, 234 Burniston footprint bed 197, 198 Chota Simla, dinosaur discoveries 164, 169, 170, 171 Cimoliornis diomedius 303–304, 305 cabinets of curiosities 6 cinema, dinosaur films 335, 338–339, 340 Calamites 222, 223 cladistics, work of Charig 94, 96 Callovosaurus leedsi 63–64 Clark, Thomas Jr (1792–1864), plesiosaur 16, 17 Camarasaurus 365, 366, 367, 374, 377 classification, palaeontology 22–23 Cambridge Greensand, pterosaurs 305–306, 307 Cleveland Anticline 189, 190 Camper, Adriaan Gilles (1759–1820) 12 Cleveland Basin, dinosaurs 189–204, 191 Camper, Petrus (1722–1789) 12, 24 ichnology 196–201 Camptosaurus hoggi 196 Clift, Caroline Amelia see Owen, Caroline Amelia Capellini, Giovanni (1833–1922) 79–87, 80 Clift, William (1775–1849) 21, 23, 121, 297 anthropology 82, 87 Cloughton Formation, lack of fossils 194–195 International Congress on Geology 85, 86 Coelophysis Museum of Geology and Palaeontology 85–86 digits 271, 272, 273 Natural History Museum, Bologna 82, 84–85 work of Karen Alf 140 North America 81–82 Coeluroides largus 164 palaeobiogeography 80, 82, 83,87 coelurosaurs, work of Mignon Talbot 125 palaeontological research 86–87 Colbert, Edwin (1905–2001) 123, 124, 125 University of Bologna 81, 82, 83 dinosaur masses 375, 376 Cardiodon 361, 362, 365 Colbert, Margaret (1911–2007) 123, 124, 125 Cetiosauriscus longus 193 Collini, Cosimo Alessandro (1727–1806) 288 Cetiosauriscus stewarti 55, 69–72, 94, 96 Eichsta¨tt Ptero-Dactyle 13 Cetiosaurus 193, 196, 361–362, 365 pterosaurs 287, 291 Cetiosaurus brachyurus 193 Coloborhynchus 306, 307 Cetiosaurus brevis 193, 362, 363 comic strip, dinosaurs 339–359 Cetiosaurus epioolithicus 193 Compsognathus longipes 85, 241, 242, 255–258, 256, 260 Cetiosaurus hypoolithicus 193 Compsosuchus solus 164 Cetiosaurus leedsi 55, 56, 64–65, 69 Congrieve, Miss, fossil hunter 116–117, 146, 147 Cetiosaurus longus 193 Conybeare, William Daniel (1787–1857) 24–25 Cetiosaurus medius 193 ichthyosaurs 15, 19 Cetiosaurus oxoniensis 363–365 Maastricht fossil 12 Chain of Being 14–15, 16, 24, 25 plesiosaurs 16–17, 18, 19 Chapman, Captain William (1713–1793) 8–9 Stonesfield ‘birds’ 291 Characichnos tridactylus 201, 202 Cope, Edward Drinker (1840–1897) Charig, Alan Jack (1927–1997) 89–107, 90 pterosaurs 314 A New Look at the Dinosaurs (1979) 101 rivalry with Marsh 365–366 amphisbaenians 95 coprolites Baryonyx walkeri 94, 95, 102, 103 India 163, 165, 166, 171 Before the Ark (1975) 98, 101 Karen Chin 144, 203 British Museum (Natural History) 90–91, 96–98 Saltwick Formation 201, 203 Brooke Bond tea cards 91, 98, 100 Coralline Oolite Formation Cetiosauriscus stewarti 69, 94, 96 dinosaur teeth 196, 197 cladistics 94, 96 Omosaurus phillipsi 197 Dimorphodon 93, 103 Cornwell bone 7 dinosaurs 91–94 Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary 95, 144 K–T boundary 95 crocodilians phylogeny 93, 94, 96 ankles, work of Charig 92 popularization 98, 100, 101–102 early collections 11 Fletton Plesiosaur 92 Suchosaurus, work of Owen 178–181 heterodontosaurids 91, 93, 103 Whitby 8–9 Iguanodon 96 work of Mantell 182–184 proterosuchians 92, 93 Crocodilus cultridens 178–180 relationship with Barney Newman 102–103 Cryptoclidus eurymerus 92 research expeditions 96, 97, 98, 99, 100 Cunningham, John (1799–1873) 210–212, 221 on sauropodomorphs and sauropods 91–92 Cuvier, Baron Georges (1769–1832) 184, 288 Scelidosaurus 95–96, 103 classification 24 theropods 94, 95 Eichsta¨tt Ptero-Dactyle 13 INDEX 389 Tilgate Forest spinosaur 184–185 palaeoneurologist 126, 127–129 Maastricht fossils 12 Senckenberg Museum Frankfurt 127–128 Pterodactylus antiquus 292 Edinger, Ludwig (1855–1918) 127 Edwards, Vernon, dinosaur models 337, 338 Dacentrurus phillipsii 196 egg, saurian, Leeds Second Collection 66, 69 Dames, Wilhelm (1843–1898) 242–243 Eichsta¨tt Ptero-Dactyle 13–14 Darling, Lois (1917–1989), illustrator 139 Elston plesiosaur 8, 16 Darwin, Charles Robert (1809–1882) Eoraptor lunensis, digits 270–271, 273 reptile-bird transition 241, 252, 253 Equisetites keuperina 219–220, 221, 225, 226 Theory of Evolution 240, 251–252 Equisetum giganteum 227 Das-Gupta, H. C., dinosaur discoveries 164, 168 Erketu 380 De la Beche, Henry Thomas (1796–1855) Euparkeria 218, 245 ichthyosaurs 14, 15 Europasaurus 380 plesiosaurs 16–17 evolution Deinocheirus mirificus 134, 344 work of Capellini 82, 87 Deinonychus 245, 246, 343, 375 work of Darwin 240, 251–252 in graphic art 350, 352, 353 work of Huxley 254–255 Deltapodus brodricki 200–201, 202 digits, theropod 265–274 Faujas de Saint-Fond, Barthe´lemy (1741–1819), frame-shift hypothesis 271–273 Great Fossil Animal of Maastricht 12 molecular genetics 269–271 Felsinotherium forestii 84 research Figuier, Guillame Louis (1819–1894) (1825–1934) 265–267 Archaeopteryx 254 (1945–1979) 267–268 Triassic environment 222, 223 (1980–1998) 269–271 ‘Flesh’ 343–359 diluvialism, origin of fossils 6, 8, 9, 210 Fletton plesiosaur, work of Charig 92 Dimorphodon, work of Charig 93, 103 flight, origin of 244 Dimorphodon macronyx 14, 93, 115, 294 fossils, early collections 6–11, 22–25 Dinosaur Park, Alberta Foureau, Fernand (1850–1914) 176–177, 176
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    Giants from the Past Middle School NGSS: MS-LS4-1, MS-LS4-4 Lesson Description Learning Objectives This investigation focuses on the fossils of a particular • Students will demonstrate an understanding that group of dinosaurs, the long-necked, herbivores known as particular traits provide advantages for survival sauropodomorphs. Students will gain an understanding by using models to test and gather data about the of why certain body features provide advantages to traits’ functions. Background survival through the use of models. Students will analyze • Students will demonstrate an understanding of and interpret data from fossils to synthesize a narrative ancestral traits by investigating how traits appear for the evolution of adaptations that came to define a and change (or evolve) in the fossil record well-known group of dinosaurs. over time. • Students will demonstrate an understanding of how traits function to provide advantages Driving Phenomenon in a particular environment by inferring daily Several traits, inherited and adapted over millions of years, activities that the dinosaur would have performed provided advantages for a group of dinosaurs to evolve for survival. into the largest animals that ever walked the Earth. Giant dinosaurs called sauropods evolved over a period of 160 Time Requirements million years. • Four 40-45 minute sessions As paleontologists continue to uncover new specimens, Prerequisite Knowledge they see connections across time and geography that lead to a better understanding of how adaptations interact • Sedimentary rocks form in layers, the newer rocks with their environment to provide unique advantages are laid down on top of the older rocks. depending on when and where animals lived.
  • High European Sauropod Dinosaur Diversity During Jurassic–Cretaceous Transition in Riodeva (Teruel, Spain)

    High European Sauropod Dinosaur Diversity During Jurassic–Cretaceous Transition in Riodeva (Teruel, Spain)

    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by RERO DOC Digital Library [Palaeontology, Vol. 52, Part 5, 2009, pp. 1009–1027] HIGH EUROPEAN SAUROPOD DINOSAUR DIVERSITY DURING JURASSIC–CRETACEOUS TRANSITION IN RIODEVA (TERUEL, SPAIN) by RAFAEL ROYO-TORRES*, ALBERTO COBOS*, LUIS LUQUE*, AINARA ABERASTURI*, , EDUARDO ESPI´LEZ*, IGNACIO FIERRO*, ANA GONZA´ LEZ*, LUIS MAMPEL* and LUIS ALCALA´ * *Fundacio´n Conjunto Paleontolo´gico de Teruel-Dino´polis. Avda. Sagunto s ⁄ n. E-44002 Teruel, Spain; e-mail: [email protected] Escuela Taller de Restauracio´n Paleontolo´gica II del Gobierno de Arago´n. Avda. Sagunto s ⁄ n. E-44002 Teruel, Spain Typescript received 13 December 2007; accepted in revised form 3 November 2008 Abstract: Up to now, more than 40 dinosaur sites have (CPT-1074) referring to the Diplodocidae clade. New been found in the latest Jurassic – earliest Cretaceous remains from the RD-28, RD-41 and RD-43 sites, of the sedimentary outcrops (Villar del Arzobispo Formation) of same age, among which there are caudal vertebrae, are Riodeva (Iberian Range, Spain). Those already excavated, assigned to Macronaria. New sauropod footprints from the as well as other findings, provide a large and diverse Villar del Arzobispo Formation complete the extraordinary number of sauropod remains, suggesting a great diversity sauropod record coming to light in the area. The inclusion for this group in the Iberian Peninsula during this time. of other sauropods from different contemporaneous expo- Vertebrae and ischial remains from Riodevan site RD-13 sures in Teruel within the Turiasauria clade adds new evi- are assigned to Turiasaurus riodevensis (a species described dence of a great diversity of sauropods in Iberia during in RD-10, Barrihonda site), which is part of the the Jurassic–Cretaceous transition.