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English Dictionary, Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language

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English Dictionary, Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language PREFACE In the curricular structure introduced by this University for students of various degree programme, the opportunity to pursue Second Degree Programme in a Subject as introduced by this University is equally available to all learners. Instead of being guided by any presumption about ability level, it would perhaps stand to reason if receptivity of a learner is judged in the course of the learning process. That would be entirely in keeping with the objectives of open education which does not believe in artificial differentiation. Keeping this in view, study materials of the Second Degree Programme in different subjects are being prepared on the basis of a well laid-out syllabus. The course structure combines the best elements in the approved syllabi of Central and State Universities in respective subjects. It has been so designed as to be upgradable with the addition of new information as well as results of fresh thinking and analysis. The accepted methodology of distance education has been followed in the preparation of these study materials. Co-operation in every form of experienced scholars is indispensable for a work of this kind. We, therefore, owe an enormous debt of gratitude to everyone whose tireless efforts went into the writing, editing and devising of proper lay-out of the meterials. Practically speaking, their role amounts to an involvement in invisible teaching. For, whoever makes use of these study materials would virtually derive the benefit of learning under their collective care without each being seen by the other. The more a learner would seriously pursue these study materials the easier it will be for him or her to reach out to larger horizons of a subject. Care has also been taken to make the language lucid and presentation attractive so that they may be rated as quality self-learning materials. If anything remains still obscure or difficult to follow, arrangements are there to come to terms with them through the counselling sessions regularly available at the network of study centres set up by the University. Needless to add, a great part of these efforts is still experimental—in fact, pioneering in certain areas. Naturally, there is every possibility of some lapse or deficiency here and there. However, these do admit of rectification and further improvement in due course. On the whole, therefore, these study materials are expected to evoke wider appreciation the more they receive serious attention of all concerned. Professor (Dr.) Manimala Das Vice-Chancellor First Revised Edition : March, 2009 Printed in accordance with the regulations and financial assistance of the Distance Education Council, Government of India BACHELOR IN LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE [BLIS] Papers - V, VI, VII & VIII Course Writing Paper - V Dr. Bhubaneswar Chakrabarti Paper - VI Dr. Chitta Ranjan Sain Paper - VII Dr. Swapna Banerjee Paper - VIII Sri Bijoy Bhattacharya Notification All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from Netaji Subhas Open University. Dr. Tarun Kumar Mandal Registrar C. R. Musib Netaji Subhas BLIS-V-VIII Open University Paper-V Information, Communication & Society Unit 1 J Reference Service : Formation and Transformation 3 Unit 2 J Reference Service : In Search of Theory 12 Unit 3 J Nature of Reference Books 18 Unit 4 J The Reference Processing 27 Unit 5 J Bibliography : Aims, Types and Control 43 Unit 6 J Subject Bibliography 53 Unit 7 J National Bibliography 60 Unit 8 J Trade Bibliography 64 Unit 9 J Index and Abstract 68 Unit 10 J Dictionary 79 Unit 11 J Encyclopaedia 93 Unit 12 J Ready Refference Sources 105 Unit 13 J Geographical Information Sources 115 Unit 14 J Biographical Information Sources 123 Unit 15 J Information Search-Zeal and Variety 131 Unit 16 J Information Service 138 Unit 17 J Varieties of Information Sources 143 Unit 18 J Information Service : Organisation 149 Unit 19 J Reference Service : Organisation and Management 159 Paper-VI Information Processing Module-l DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION Unit 1 J Introduction, Structure and Organisation of Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), 19th Edition 169 Unit 2 J Definitions, Notes and Instructions Used in DDC Schedules 181 Unit 3 J Ascertaining Specific Subject of a Document and Assigning Class Numbers to it 187 Unit 4 J Synthesis of Class Numbers and Number Building Process 194 Unit 5 J Use of Relative Index 205 Module-2 DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION AUXILIARY TABLES AND ITS APPLICATION IN NUMBER BUILDING Unit 6 J Use of Table-1 : Standard Subdivision 217 Unit 7 J Use of Table-2 : Areas 228 Unit 8 J Use of Table-3 : Subdivision of Individual Literatures 239 Unit 9 J Use of Tables 4 and 6 250 Unit 10 J Use of TabIe-5 : Racial, Ethnic National Groups and TabIe-7 : Persons 256 Module-3 COLON CLASSIFICATION Unit 1 J Colon Classification : Introduction 265 Unit 2 J Formation and Sharpening of Isolates 280 Unit 3 J Facet Analysis and Synthesis in Physical and Biological Sciences 288 Unit 4 J Facet Analysis and Synthesis in Humanities and Social Sciences 298 Module-4 COLON CLASSIFICATION Unit 1 Treatment of Generalia Class 317 Unit 2 Common Isolates and its Application in Number Building 324 Unit 3 Phase Relations 331 Unit 4 Treatment of Systems and Specials 340 Unit 5 Construction of Book Number 345 Paper-VII Cataloging Practice Module-1 Unit 1 J Introduction to Cataloguing 353 Unit 2 J Standardization 357 Unit 3 J General Rules for Description 362 Unit 4 J Subject Headings 377 Module-2 Unit 1 J Single Personal Author 386 Unit 2 J Shared Responsibility, Mixed Responsibility and Editorial Works 399 Unit 3 J Corporate Bodies 418 Unit 4 J Choice among Different Names and References 431 Module-3 Unit 1 J Serial Publications 438 Unit 2 J Multipart Works and Multivolumes 444 Unit 3 J Uniform Titles 450 Module-4 Unit 1 J Introduction of Classified Catalogue 459 Unit 2 J Types of Authorship 467 Unit 3 J Pseudonymous and Anonymous Works 484 Unit 4 J Miscellaneous Works 494 Paper-VIII Computer Basics & Application Module-1 Unit 1 J Definition, Types and Generations of Computer 517 Unit 2 J Computer Hardware 526 Unit 3 J Software 536 Unit 4 J Data Representation and Number Systems 550 Unit 5 J Boolean Algebra and Logic Gate 556 Module-2 Unit 6 J Programming Language and Flowchart 560 Unit 7 J Introduction to BASIC Programming 572 Module-3 Unit 8 J Introduction to MS-WORD XP 588 Module-4 Unit 9 J Introduction to CDS/ISIS 604 Unit 10J Library Automations 628 PAPER - V (Information, Communication & Society Units : 1 - 19 1 2 UNIT : 1 REFERENCE SERVICE : FORMATION AND TRANSFORMATION Structure : 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Growth of Reference Service 1.3. Evolution of Reference Service 1.4. Recent trends 1.5. Definition and nature 1.6. Definition of Reference service and its nature 1.7. Utility of Information Science 1.8. Exercise 1.9. Bibliography 1.1. Introduction Common men understand reference service as questions and answers session. Enquirers bring questions and librarian replies. But in reality it is not that easy. Questions enquirers ask mostly not clear, it is like the nebula. Reference librarian makes it bright like star through conversations. Then he replies with the help of his tools, available in his library. This bipartite exchange of opinion in brief is actually Reference Service. From our childhood we learn to ask what, why, where? Our parents according to their capacity reply. This element of exchange of opinion is same in respect of Reference Service. Whether a child well sheltered in his mother's lap or Havana cigar smoker computer scientist puts toward questions is same primarily for librarians. In the beginning a person should be there to raise question. Secondly, there should be a query. Thirdly, presence of a person whom the question could be addressed and finally there should be some materials for the person, who could reply. J. H. Shera defined Library as ‘‘agency of communication’’. But the question is what is this communication? How to perform this communication? Apparently it appears to be very easy but in actual practice it is not that simple, already stated. At the very outset there is a problem of how the reader would express the question? The duty of the reference librarian in this case would be to make it befitting to the information sources available. Then he has to organise the search method, to determine the source, etc. Five Laws of Ranganathan fully and finally help to form the nucleus of 3 reference service. D. J. Foskett had ascribed reference service as the best job in the library. In today's world right to information and news are not confined to intellectuals only, it is extended to all categories of persons. Formerly Library was absolutely under the control of few hands, situation had changed to open it for the masses. Earlier days library was seen as nonalternative for general public, now time compelled to expand its horizon for the same public to attract them into the knowledge sphere of library. It is now a very huge job, where pivotal role is played by the libraries. Librarian's role is increased to build the communication bridge between readers and source materials deposited in the library. This additional job is chiefly known as process of information work and better known as reference service. Was there ever a time, when one person used to grasp the whole universe of knowledge? If at all this could be there it is lost in the womb of past. In ancient civilization, although it might be true, it became a far-off possibility in middle age.
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