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Understanding Ict Standardization: Principles and Practice UNDERSTANDING ICT STANDARDIZATION: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Dr. habil. Nizar Abdelkafi Prof. Raffaele Bolla Cees J.M. Lanting Dr. Alejandro Rodriguez-Ascaso Marina Thuns Dr. Michelle Wetterwald UNDERSTANDING ICT STANDARDIZATION: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Dr. habil. Nizar Abdelkafi Prof. Raffaele Bolla Cees J.M. Lanting Dr. Alejandro Rodriguez-Ascaso Marina Thuns Dr. Michelle Wetterwald UNDERSTANDING ICT STANDARDIZATION: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE This publication does not constitute an official or agreed position of ETSI, nor of its Members. The views expressed are entirely those of the authors. ETSI declines all responsibility for any errors and any loss or damage resulting from use of the contents of this publication. ETSI also declines responsibility for any infringement of any third party's Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), but will be pleased to acknowledge any IPR and correct any infringement of which it is advised. The European Commission support for the production of this publication does not constitute endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. © ETSI 2018. All rights reserved. Reuse and reproduction in whole is permitted for non-commercial purposes provided the copy is complete and unchanged with acknowledgement of the source (including this copyright statement). For any other purposes, ETSI's permission shall be required. The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners. ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks. ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° W061004871 ISBN: 978-2-7437-3601-9 (PDF version) UNDERSTANDING ICT STANDARDIZATION: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE PREFACE ith the support of the European Commission, ETSI has run a project to develop teaching materials to facilitate education on ICT (Information and Communication Technology) standardization, W and to raise the knowledge level of ICT standardization-related topics among lecturers and students, in particular in the fields of engineering, business administration and law, in higher education. For this purpose, ETSI recruited a group of experts from different sectors, including standards organizations, academia and consulting companies. All of the experts have been actively involved in current standardization production and/or research, within the area of ICT. To advance education about ICT standardization, the attractiveness of the topic among lecturers and students should be improved. Comprehensive and up-to-date teaching materials constitute a major way to convey the value and raise awareness of standardization. To provide high value for teachers and students, our main objective was to create a textbook and accompanying teaching/learning materials for standardization education that are tailored to the requirements and challenges of the ICT sector. This project started by identifying best practices in education about standardization of ICT, the learning objectives and most appropriate teaching methods and tools. For this reason, the group of experts, who co-authored this textbook, carried out an intensive desktop research, and more than 25 interviews with leading international experts in standards education. The analysis of the information generated led to the design of the textbook structure and the accompanying learning material, including slides, visualizations, quizzes and case studies. Readers of this book are not required to have any previous knowledge about standardization. They are introduced firstly to the key concepts of standards and standardization, different elements of the ecosystem and how they interact, as well as the procedures required for the production of standardization documents. Then, readers are taken to the next level by addressing aspects related to standardization such as innovation, strategy, business, and economics. The contents of the book can be read in different ways. It can be read from cover to cover in a linear way, or readers may only focus on the specific chapters they are interested in. This is supported by the modular structure of the textbook, making the single chapters self-contained units that can be studied independently of other chapters. Each chapter begins with a list of learning objectives and key messages about what they will be learning in that particular chapter. For lecturers, this could be regarded as “meta- contents” to help decide which chapter of the book suits better the module or topic they are teaching. The teaching resources comprise this textbook, which conveys the main theoretical knowledge. The text is enriched with examples from real standardization practice to illustrate the key theoretical concepts. Furthermore, the book includes case studies, where the ‘case’ can be a standardization document, an event or action, or a company that implemented a particular practice that is related to standardization. Each case study is intended to make readers reflect on a subset of the book’s learning objectives and messages, and it could be potentially used by lecturers as a building block for further learning activities more tailored to their particular teaching needs. Case studies also enable students to better see the application of the concepts learned and allow a classroom environment that promotes group discussion and interaction among students. Finally, each chapter includes a quiz to be used as a self-assessment learning activity. UNDERSTANDING ICT STANDARDIZATION: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Furthermore, each book chapter includes a glossary and list of abbreviations, which are useful in any learning context and indispensable in order to better understand and recall standardization knowledge. Finally, chapters have their corresponding summary and references. Alongside the textbook, the project has produced a set of slides that are intended to serve as complementary teaching materials in face-to-face teaching sessions. In addition to its use in undergraduate and Masters courses, the book consists of advanced topics that can serve as a starting point for graduates and PhD students interested in standardization research. The book also serves as guide or a checklist for experts already active in standardization activities by providing them with arguments for the justification and improvements of standards activities from a management point of view. This book has been intended to reach all potentially interested readers, including those with disabilities. Hence, ETSI, the authors, and the publisher have committed themselves to ensure the accessibility of the book and its contents. For all interested parties there is also an electronic version of the textbook as well as the accompanying slides that can be downloaded for free from the ETSI website (www.etsi.org). With the hope that all readers enjoy the learning process by using the textbook and the teaching materials, ETSI and the group of authors would welcome any comments and feedback that aims at improving the current materials. In addition, the authors would like to thank all contributors to this piece of work. Dr. habil. Nizar Abdelkafi Prof. Raffaele Bolla Cees J.M. Lanting Dr. Alejandro Rodriguez-Ascaso Marina Thuns Dr. Michelle Wetterwald UNDERSTANDING ICT STANDARDIZATION: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 2 2 INTRODUCTION TO STANDARDS .................................................................................................. 4 2.1 BASICS OF STANDARDIZATION ........................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 5 2.1.2 STANDARDS IN EVERYDAY LIFE ........................................................................................... 7 2.1.3 FORMAL STANDARDS ....................................................................................................... 12 2.2 BENEFITS AND RISKS OF STANDARDIZATION .................................................................... 15 2.2.1 BENEFITS ....................................................................................................................... 15 2.2.2 RISKS ............................................................................................................................ 20 2.3 STANDARDIZATION LANDSCAPE ....................................................................................... 23 2.4 THE STANDARDIZATION PROCESS AT A GLANCE ................................................................ 32 2.4.1 STANDARD–DEVELOPMENT PROCESS ............................................................................... 32 2.4.2
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