DOCSLIB.ORG

Testing and Certification for Export Products in Industrializing Countries

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Testing and Certification for Export Products in Industrializing Countries 777b Mil 03 0& NBS SPECIAL PUBLICATION 438 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE / National Bureau of Standards Testing and Certification for Export Products in Industrializing Countries NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS The National Bureau of Standards^ was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (I) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau consists of the Institute for Basic Standards, the Institute for Materials Research, the Institute for Applied Technology, the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, and the Office for Information Programs. THE INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARDS provides the central basis within the United States of a complete and consistent system of physical measurement; coordinates that system with measurement systems of other nations; and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical measurements throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce. The Institute consists of the Office of Measurement Services, the Office of Radiation Measurement and the following Center and divisions: Applied Mathematics — Electricity — Mechanics — Heat •— Optical Physics — Center for Radiation Research: Nuclear Sciences; Applied Radiation — Laboratory Astrophysics^ — Cryogenics ' — Electromagnetics " — Time and Frequency THE INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH conducts materials research leading to improved methods of measurement, standards, and data on the properties of well-characterized materials needed by industry, commerce, educational institutions, and Government; provides advisory and research services to other Government agencies; and develops, produces, and distributes standard reference materials. The Institute consists of the Office of Standard Reference Materials, the Office of Air and Water Measurement, and the following divisions: Analytical Chemistry — Polymers — Metallurgy — Inorganic Materials — Reactor Radiation — Physical Chemistry. THE INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED TECHNOLOGY provides technical services to promote the use of available technology and to facilitate technological innovation in industry and Government; cooperates with public and private organizations leading to the development of technological standards (including mandatory safety standards), codes and methods of test; and provides technical advice and services to Government agencies upon request. The Insti- tute consists of the following divisions and Centers: Standards Application and Analysis — Electronic Technology — Center for Consumer Product Technology: Product Systems Analysis; Product Engineering — Center for Building Technology: Structures, Materials, and Life Safety; Building Environment; Technical Evalua- tion and Application — Center for Fire Research: Fire Science; Fire Safety Engineering. THE INSTITUTE FOR COMPUTER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY conducts research and provides technical services designed to aid Government agencies in improving cost effec- tiveness in the conduct of their programs through the selection, acquisition, and effective utilization of automatic data processing equipment; and serves as the principal focus within the executive branch for the development of Federal standards for automatic data processing equipment, techniques, and computer languages. The Institute consists of the following divisions: Computer Services — Systems and Software — Computer Systems Engineering — Informa- tion Technology. THE OFFICE FOR INFORMATION PROGRAMS promotes optimum dissemination and accessibility of scientific information generated within NBS and other agencies of the Federal Government; promotes the development of the National Standard Reference Data System and a system of information analysis centers dealing with the broader aspects of the National Measurement System; provides appropriate services to ensure that the NBS staff has optimum accessibility to the scientific information of the world. The Office consists of the following organizational units: Office of Standard Reference Data — Office of Information Activities — Office of Technical Publications — Library — Office of International Relations — Office of International Standards. 1 Headquarters and Laboratories at Gaithersburg, Maryland, unless otherwise noted; mailing address Washington, D C. 20234. - Located at Boulder, Colorado 80302. Testing and Certification for Export Products in Industrializing Countries Proceedings of a Regional Seminar held at the Regional English Language Centre and International House, Singapore May 19-20, 1975 Edited by H. Steffen Peiser and Robert S. Marvin Ofl&ce of International Relations National Bureau of Standards Washington, D.C. 20234 Sponsored by: The Singapore Institute of Standards and Industrial Research (SISIR), the National Bureau of Standards, and the Agency for International Development. Seminar President: Dr. Lee Kum Tatt Chairman SISIR U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Elliot L Richardson, Secreiary James A. Baker, III, Under Secretary Dr. Betsy Ancker-Johnson, Assisfanf Secretary for Science and Technology NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Acting Director Issued February 1976 Library on Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Testing and certification for export products in industrializing countries. (National Bureau of Standards special publication; 438) Supt. of Docs, no.: C 13.10.438 1. Commercial products—Testing—Congresses. 2. Underdevel- oped areas—Foreign trade promotion—Congresses. I. Peiser, Her- bert Steffen, 1917- II. Marvin, Robert S. III. Singapore Insti- tute of Standards and Industrial Research. IV. United States. National Bureau of Standards. V. United States. Agency for International Development. VI. Series: United States. National Bureau of .Standards. Special publication; 438. QC100.U57 no. 438 [TS156.A1] 351.008'27 76-608023 National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 438 Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 438, 160 pages (Feb. 1976) CODEN: XNBSAV U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1976 20402 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington. D.C. (Order by SD Catalog No. C13.10:438). Price $2.40. (Add 25 percent additional for other than U.S. mailing). Abstract A regional seminar sponsored "by the Singapore Institute of Standards and Industrial Research, the National Bureau of Standards, and the Agency for International Development was held in Singapore in May of 1975. The participants represented most of the countries in south Asia concerned with increasing their exports, and concentrated on vaidous problems connected with the testing and certification of such exports. Most of the prepared papers reviewed the practice and future plans of these countries. During the discussion a number of specific problems and issues were raised, with a good deal of attention focused on the extent to which the standards and certification of goods by an exporting country can be and are recognized by the importer. This report includes both the prepared papers and a mildly edited version of the discussions following each. Key Words: Certification; developing coiintries; exports; industrialiring countries; labeling; seminar; south Asia trade; testing SISIR/NBS/AID Regional Seninar on "Testing and Certification for Export Products in Industializing Countries" Preface The program of the National Bureau of Standards (!TBS) in support of the United States Agency for International Development (AID) is characterized by a number of experiments to find ways in x^hicli the experience of NBS in the U.S.A. can assist industrializing countries in standardization and measurement services. One of these experiments is to sponsor seminars on regional cooperation between developing countries. The idea is firstly to restrict each seminar to original discussions on one highly specific topic of current regional concern and secondly to choose that tonic from areas in x^hich NBS itself has a need to learn. The justification of this guideline rests on ITBS not being an experienced teaching institution and on joint learning being often more effective than teaching. The first such MBS/AID seminar was b.eld in La Paz, June 1974 on systems of Latin American cooperation in standardization (centered on Comision Panamena de Normas Industriales y Tecnicas (COPANIT)) and metrology (to be centered on a needed nev? collaborative organization now being contemplated for sponsorship by the Organization of American States). Believing that first Seminar to have been a success, JTBS immediately looked for interest in a second such experiment this tine among South East Asian countries. The reponses received were so positive that it is hard to establish who was the originator of the various suggestions Xirhich V7ere adopted. At any rate, the topic of the Seninar "Testing and Certification for Export Products" came from Mr. Phi Minh Tan, Director of the Institute for Standardization, Republic of Viet Nam, and his USAID advisor, Mr, Niels C. Beck , Industrial Advisor, USAID, at that time in Saigon. It is most unfortunate that Mr. Tar. was unable to take part in the Seminar. May I record here ny hope that he may one day read these Proceedings, I am
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Understanding Ict Standardization: Principles and Practice
    UNDERSTANDING ICT STANDARDIZATION: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Dr. habil. Nizar Abdelkafi Prof. Raffaele Bolla Cees J.M. Lanting Dr. Alejandro Rodriguez-Ascaso Marina Thuns Dr. Michelle Wetterwald UNDERSTANDING ICT STANDARDIZATION: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Dr. habil. Nizar Abdelkafi Prof. Raffaele Bolla Cees J.M. Lanting Dr. Alejandro Rodriguez-Ascaso Marina Thuns Dr. Michelle Wetterwald UNDERSTANDING ICT STANDARDIZATION: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE This publication does not constitute an official or agreed position of ETSI, nor of its Members. The views expressed are entirely those of the authors. ETSI declines all responsibility for any errors and any loss or damage resulting from use of the contents of this publication. ETSI also declines responsibility for any infringement of any third party's Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), but will be pleased to acknowledge any IPR and correct any infringement of which it is advised. The European Commission support for the production of this publication does not constitute endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. © ETSI 2018. All rights reserved. Reuse and reproduction in whole is permitted for non-commercial purposes provided the copy is complete and unchanged with acknowledgement of the source (including this copyright statement). For any other purposes, ETSI's permission shall be required. The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners. ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents From
    Standards, Publications & Software Table of Contents from 34 Construction 89 Medical 110 Petroleum Global Engineering Documents®, the retail arm of IHS, is your single source for individual standards, 136 Telecommunications publications, and integrated collections via hardcopy or electronic delivery. Accessing critical technical 1 Aerospace/Aviation information has never been easier! 7 Annual Book of ASTM Standards global.ihs.com 17 Automotive/Heavy Equipment 25 Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code Copyright © 2004 by Information Handling Services Inc. All rights reserved. 30 CE Marking No portion of this material may be reprinted in any form without the experssed written permission of the publisher, Information Handling Services. Global Engineering Documents and logo are trademarks of Information Handling Services Inc. Registered U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. 32 Color Charts & Standards All other trademarks, brands and product names are the property of their respective owners. 41 Drawing & Drafting 46 Electrical/Electronics 67 Electromagnetic Compatibility/Frequency 70 Environmental 76 Fire Protection 79 Gears 82 Hardware 86 Hydraulics 104 Metals 108 Occupational Health and Safety 120 Plastics 124 Public Health 126 Quality 133 Safety 151 Transportation Management Systems 154 U.S. Government & Military 165 Welding 171 Timesaving Services Free Catalogs Available from Global . 171 Reference Materials & Services . 172 Standards Developing Organization Index . 174 Catalog Index . 177 PRIORITY CODE G040 To order or for more information: 800-854-7179 (USA/Canada) • fax: 303-397-2740 • global.ihs.com Aerospace/Aviation AV DATA® Aerospace Industries Association With AV-DATA® you have access to critical aviation information Global is the worldwide distributor of AIA standards and to help ensure worldwide regulatory compliance, airworthiness, publications.
    [Show full text]
  • The Economics of Compatibility Standards: an Introduction to Recent Research1 . .;
    Econ. Innov. New Techn., !990, Vol. I, pp. 3-41 © 1990 Harwood Academic Publishers GmbH Reprints available directly from the publisher Printed in Great Britain Photocopying permitted by license only THE ECONOMICS OF COMPATIBILITY STANDARDS: AN INTRODUCTION TO RECENT RESEARCH1 PAUL A. DAVID Stanford University and SHANE GREENSTEIN University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana This paper surveys the contributions that economists have made to understanding standards-setting processes and their consequences for ijldustry structure and economic welfare. Standardization processes of four kinds are examined, namely: (1) market competition involving products embodying unsponsored standards, (2) market competition amo'llg sponsored (proprietary) standards, (3) agreements within volun­ tary standards-writing organizations, a11d (4) direct governmental promulgation. The major trajectories along which research has been moving are described and related to both the positive and the normative issues concerning compatibility standards that remain to be studied. ~- . .; 1. INTRODUCTION Recent and ongoing advances in microelectronics and communications technologies have made the formerly esoteric subject of technical compatibility standards a fami­ liar matter in our everyday experience, as well as a perennial topic for discussion in the industry press (see, e.g., Arnold (1985), Bartik (1985), Cropper (1980), Kass (1981), SJMN (1986), Teresko (1986), Witten (1983)), Today, many people- includ­ ing academic economists - would readily acknowledge that considerable importance attaches to the existence and nature of technical standards for the encoding, storage, processing and transmission of information. Questions concerning compatibility and voluntary standards-setting have emerged as having central strategic significance in the development and marketing of computer operating systems and software (e.g. DOS and UNIX), value added data networks (e.g., TELENET and TYMNET), local 2 ...
    [Show full text]
  • Intellectual Property Rights and Standard-Setting Organizations
    Intellectual Property Rights and Standard-Setting Organizations Mark A. Lemleyt TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ............................................................................................1892 I. The Nature and Importance of Standard-Setting Organizations ..... 1896 A. The Value of Standardization ................................................... 1896 B. Organizational Forms of Standardization ................................. 1898 C. The Relationship of Standardization to Intellectual Property... 1901 Il. How Standard-Setting Organizations Treat Intellectual Property R ights .............................................................................................. 1903 A. Organizations Studied ............................................................... 1903 B . R esults ....................................................................................... 1904 C. Implications of Diversity .......................................................... 1906 III. The Enforceability of Standard-Setting Organization Rules Restricting Intellectual Property ...................................................... 1909 A. Standard-Setting Organization Intellectual Property Rules as Creatures of Contract Law .................................................... 1909 1. Are Bylaws Binding Contracts? ....................... .................. 1909 2. The Effect of Withdrawal ................................................... 1912 3. Parsing the Terms of Standard-Setting Organization B ylaw s ...............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Interrelationships Between Technical Standards And
    THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TECHNICAL STANDARDS AND INDUSTRY STRUCTURES: ACTOR-NETWORK BASED CASE STUDIES OF THE MOBILE WIRELESS AND TELEVISION INDUSTRIES IN THE US AND THE UK by DAVID ALBERT TILSON Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation Advisor: Dr. Kalle Lyytinen Information Systems Department Weatherhead School of Management CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY May 2008 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the dissertation of _____________________________________________________David Albert Tilson Ph.D. in Management candidate for the ________________________ degree *. Kalle Lyytinen (signed )____________________________________________ (chair of the committee) ________________________________________________Bo Carlsson Carsten Sørensen ________________________________________________ Youngjin Yoo ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ December 7, 2007 (date) ________________________________________________ * We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. ii Copyright © 2008 by David Albert Tilson All rights reserved iii For my wife, Vera, and our children, Hannah, and Leah, with love . iv Table of Contents List of tables ...................................................................................................................... vii List of figures ..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]