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Ba loc hi s tan Balochistan Conservation Strategy The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Published by: IUCN Pakistan and Government of Balochistan. Copyright: © 2000 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Pakistan and Government of Balochistan. The Balochistan Conservation Strategy was prepared by the Government of Balochistan (Planning and Development Department) in collaboration with IUCN-The World Conservation Union. It was supported by the Royal Netherlands Embassy. Citation is encouraged. Reproduction and/or translation of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from IUCN Pakistan, provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from IUCN Pakistan. The contents and the opinions expressed do not constitute an endorsement by the Royal Netherlands Embassy. Citation: Government of Balochistan and IUCN Pakistan (2000). IUCN Pakistan and GoB, Karachi, Pakistan. xxxii + 354 pp. ISBN: 969-8141-33-2 Designed by: Creative Unit (Pvt) Ltd. Photos: Cover: Nadeem A. Khan Back cover: Shuja Zaidi, Nadeem A. Khan Printed by: Hamdard Printing Press (Pvt) Ltd. Available from: IUCN Pakistan 1 Bath Island Road, Karachi 75530, Pakistan. Ba loch i s tan Balochistan Conservation Strategy Co n t e n t s Acronyms and Abbreviations iv Glossary vi Preface viii Acknowledgements x Executive Summary xiv PART I BACKGROUND Chapter 1 Rationale and Process 4 Chapter 2 BCS Framework 14 PART II THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF THE BCS Chapter 3 Land 24 Chapter 4 Freshwater Resources 48 Chapter 5 Biodiversity 74 Chapter 6 Coastal Zone 96 Chapter 7 Atmosphere 114 Chapter 8 Minerals, Mining and Energy 122 Chapter 9 Sustainable Industrial Development 138 Chapter 10 Urban Environment 148 Chapter 11 Environmental Health 166 Chapter 12 Population, Poverty and Environment 174 Chapter 13 Cultural Heritage 188 Chapter 14 Governance, Institutions and Capacity 200 Chapter 15 Non-Governmental Organizations 214 Chapter 16 Gender, Development and Environment 224 Chapter 17 Information Management 232 Chapter 18 Environmental Communication and Education 242 PART III IMPLEMENTATION Chapter 19 Implementation Framework 252 Chapter 20 BCS Core Programmes 260 Chapter 21 Implementation: Roles and Responsibilities 270 Chapter 22 Resource Mobilization for the BCS 292 Chapter 23 Monitoring Implementation and Assessing Sustainability 306 Appendices 312 Maps 332 Bibliography 346 Acronyms and Ab b r e v i a t i o n s AD B Asian Development Bank GE F Global Envi r onment Fac i l i t y AD P B Ar ea Development Prog ramme Balochi s tan GI S Ge o g raphical Information System AZ R C Arid Zone Res e a r ch Centre Go P Go vernment of Pak i s tan BAP Bi o d i ve r sity Action Plan for Pak i s tan HI T E Hab Industrial and Trading Estat e BC C & I Ba l o ch i s tan Chamber of Commerce and Industr y IE E Initial Envi ro n m e n t al Exam i n a t i o n BC I A P Ba l o ch i s tan Community Irrigation and Agri c u l t u r e IM P LA N Imp r oving the Systems for Development Planning in Pro j e c t Ba l o ch i s tan BC S Ba l o ch i s tan Conservation Str a te g y IU C N IU C N - The World Conservation Uni o n BD A Ba l o ch i s tan Development Auth o r i t y IWA S R I In t ernational Wat erlogging and Salinity Res e a r ch In st i t u t e BI D A Ba l o ch i s tan Irrigation and Drainage Auth o r i t y LB & R D D Local Bodies and Rural Development Departm e n t BM I A D P Ba l o ch i s tan Minor Irrigation and Agri c u l t u r e De velopment Proj e c t LCC & I Lasbela Chamber of Commerce and Industr y BN R M P Ba l o ch i s tan Natural Res o u r ce Management Proj e c t LI E D A Lasbela Industrial Estat e Development Auth o r i t y Bo S Bu r eau of Stat i st i c s M& E Mo n i t oring and Eval u a t i o n BP E D P Ba l o ch i s tan Primary Education Devel o p m e n t NCS National Conservation Str a te g y Pro gr a m m e NE Q S National Envi ro n m e n t al Quality Stan d a rd s BRU WA S Ba l o ch i s tan Rural Wat er and Sanitation proj e c t NG O Non - G o ver n m e n t al Organ i z a t i o n BWAS A Ba l o ch i s tan Wat er and Sanitation Agen c y NOR A D Nor wegian Agency for Development Cooperation BWR Bu r eau of Wat er Res o u rc e s NW F P Nor th Wes tern Frontier Provi n c e CB O Community Based Organ i z a t i o n P& D D Planning and Development Departm e n t DF I s De velopment Finance Insti t u t i o n s PAS Pover ty Alleviation Str a te g y , 199 9 DM D Di re c to r a t e of Mineral Devel o p m e n t PE P A Pak i s tan Envi ro n m e n t al Protection Act EE Z Exc l u s i v e Economic Zone PS D P Public Sector Development Progr a m m e EI A Env i ro n m e n t al Impact Assessment QD A Qu et t a Development Auth o r i t y EP A Env i ro n m e n t al Protection Agen c y QM C Qu et t a Municipal Corporation ES CA P Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the SP C S Sarhad Provincial Conservation Str a te g y Pac i fi c WAP D A Wat er and Power Development Auth o r i t y FAO Food and Agri c u l t u r e Organ i z a t i o n Balochistan Conservation Strategy v Gl o s s a r y Katchi abadi Unauthorized and unplanned human settlement (mostly) slum areas lacking civic amenities Barani Rainfed Bunds Embankments Hamun Seasonal wetland or playa Hor Bay Jirga Council of tribal elders Karez Underground water channel Kaur River Khushkaba Rainfed agriculture Mazri Dwarf palm, its foliage is generally used for making handicrafts and mats Nullah Water channel/stream Rabi Winter cropping Sailaba Agricultural landform irrigated through hill torrents Ulema Religious scholars Balochistan Conservation Strategy vii Pr e f a c e he Balochistan Conservation Strategy is a strategic plan designed to define and address the issues affecting the Tsocio-economic development of Balochistan, through the sustainable use of its natural resources. In many ways, it can be termed as a sustainable development agenda of the province that promises regeneration and sustainable use of ecological resources and continued economic development with active participation from the people of Balochistan. The need for developing the BCS arose because of, all the provinces of Pakistan, Balochistan has a high rate of depletion of resources. The conventional top-down development approaches with their command and control implementation have met with limited success. Institutional weaknesses have been predominant due to poor participatory planning and decision-making that has constrained appropriate prioritization of goals and the proper use of limited resources. A n other major need was to ta ke an inte gr a ted view of th e main issues and to pre p a re a framework that did not c o mp romise one solution at the cost of anoth e r. The BCS wa s d eveloped th rough a ro b u st part i c i p a to ry planning pro c e s s spanning th ree ye a rs. It took as its baseline the Na t i o n a l C o n s e rvation St r a tegy developed by the federal gove r n m e n t , while building on the experiences of the Sarhad Prov i n c i a l C o n s e rvation St r a tegy exe rcise underta ken by the NWFP g overnment. The BCS aims to devise ways and means to we ave e nv i ronment and natural re s o u rce conservation with d evelopment and to recommend an institutional framewo r k that will bring ow n e rship, sustainability and efficiency in m a n a gement of these vital endow m e n t s . The strategy is not carved in stone, rather, it is a living and evolutionary document. It will be important to learn lessons during implementation and capture them at mid term review of BCS implementation five years from now for refining direction and improving implementation.
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