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Über Wirtsbeziehungen Europäischer Ichneumon-Arten

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Über Wirtsbeziehungen Europäischer Ichneumon-Arten SPIXIANA 30 1 39–63 München, 1. Mai 2007 ISSN 0341–8391 Über Wirtsbeziehungen europäischer Ichneumon-Arten (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae) Rolf Hinz (†) und Klaus Horstmann Hinz, R. & K. Horstmann (2007): On the host relationships of European species of Ichneumon Linnaeus (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). – Spixiana 30/1: 39-63 For 64 European species of Ichneumon host relationships were ascertained by two methods: by exposing laboratory-bred host pupae (rarely larvae) to fi eld-collected parasitoid females (49 species), and by rearing parasitoids from fi eld-collected host pupae (31 species). In 16 cases both methods were used, with concurring results. For many species information on life history (e.g. oviposition behaviour, number of generations) is provided. Host selection, phenology, and phylogeny within the genus Ichneumon are discussed. Klaus Horstmann, Lehrstuhl Zoologie III, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany. Vorbemerkung des Zweitautors erfolgreiche Nachzuchten angestrebt, um Material für eine Beschreibung der MM zu bekommen, und Seit 1958 hatte die Zucht von Ichneumon-Arten aus weitere Untersuchungen mussten oft wegen eines ihren Wirten für Rolf Hinz die erste Priorität, und Mangels an Parasiten oder Wirten unterbleiben. er hat den größten Teil seiner wissenschaftlichen Deshalb sind viele Analysen unvollständig. Sie Aktivitäten in dieses Projekt gesteckt. Er hat dazu werden hier trotzdem publiziert, da eine Fortsetzung den methodischen Ansatz gewählt, Parasiten-WW in der Arbeiten nicht in Sicht ist. Zur Auswertung Freiland zu fangen und ihnen im Labor Puppen liegen Exkursionstagebücher, detaillierte Zuchtpro- möglicher Wirte (Macrolepidoptera) zur Eiablage tokolle und die gezüchteten und genadelten Indivi- vorzulegen. Zum einen wollte er damit bei möglichst duen (in der Sammlung Hinz/ZSM) vor, wobei vielen Arten die MM kennenlernen und den WW zu- infolge der Etikettierung der Tiere die Zuordnung ordnen, zum anderen das Wirtsspektrum der Arten eines Individuums zu einem bestimmten Versuch aufklären und zum dritten Details zur Lebensweise möglich ist. Ein Mangel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist untersuchen (Hinz 1968, 1973, 1983, 1987, 1991). Der allerdings, dass mir viele Details zur Lebensweise erste Teilaspekt ist von Hilpert (1992) in seiner Re- der Wirte und Parasiten nicht aus eigener Anschau- vision der westpaläarktischen Ichneumon-Arten ung vertraut sind und dass ich deshalb manche aufgearbeitet worden; darauf wird hier nicht weiter Notizen in den Zuchtprotokollen nicht interpretieren eingegangen. Zum zweiten und dritten Teilaspekt oder aus dem Gedächnis ergänzen kann. Insgesamt sind Analysen einzelner Arten, aber keine umfas- stammen alle Angaben zu Laborzuchten vom Erst- sende Arbeit erschienen (Hinz 1973, 1975, 1982, 1991, autor, fast alle Formulierungen (mit Ausnahme 1998). Dies liegt unter anderem daran, dass die Ef- weniger Sätze aus den Protokollen) vom Zweitautor. fektivität der angewandten Methoden (Fang der Vom Zweitautor stammt auch die Diskussion. Parasiten, Beschaffung möglicher Wirtspuppen Zur Ergänzung der Analysen habe ich folgende durch Aufzucht aus Eiern oder Raupen) stark vom Auswertungen zusätzlich durchgeführt: Zum einen Zufall abhängig ist. Bei der Analyse eines Wirt-Pa- wurden bei allen im Labor gezüchteten Arten aus rasit-Verhältnisses wurden in der Regel zunächst den Sammlungen der ZSM die Fangdaten der im 39 Freiland gefangenen MM ermittelt, um Hinweise auf Boloria pales ((Denis & Schiffermüller): berninae, die Phänologie der Arten zu bekommen. Das Mate- macilentus, occidentis, silaceus rial stammt fast ausschließlich aus Mitteleuropa und Brenthis ino (Rottemburg): (gracilicornis) überwiegend aus Süddeutschland. Da diese MM von Clossiana selene (Denis & Schiffermüller): silaceus Hilpert (1992) determiniert worden sind, ist die Eurodryas aurinia (Rottemburg): gracilicornis, sterno- Qualität der Determinationen einheitlich. Außerdem cerus wurden die aus im Freiland gesammelten Puppen Hypodryas cynthia (Denis & Schiffermüller): cynthiae, geschlüpften Ichneumon-Individuen aus der ZSM macilentus, obliteratus, occidentis und dem Museum in Edinburgh (und dazu einige Inachis io (Linnaeus): cessator, gracilicornis aus Bern und Salzburg und aus der Sammlung Limenitis camilla (Linnaeus): albiornatus M. Schwarz erhaltene Exemplare) nachdeterminiert Limenitis populi (Linnaeus): albiornatus und in die Analysen einbezogen. Einige Parasiten Melitaea cinxia (Linnaeus): cinxiae, gracilicornis von Lycaeniden-Arten standen aus anderen Projek- Melitaea diamina (Lang): gracilicornis ten zur Verfügung. Insgesamt liegen Wirtsangaben Melitaea didyma (Esper): (gracilicornis) für 64 Ichneumon-Arten vor, für 33 Arten nur aus Mellicta athalia (Rottemburg): cinxiae, gracilicornis Laborzuchten, für 15 Arten nur aus Freiland-Mate- Mellicta britomartis (Assmann): cinxiae rial, für 16 Arten aus beiden Informationsquellen. Nymphalis antiopa (Linnaeus): cessator Letzteres Material ermöglicht es, Wirtsbeziehungen Satyridae aus dem Freiland mit denen aus Laborzuchten zu Aphantopus hyperantus (Linnaeus): (caloscelis) vergleichen. Wegen der zahlreichen Fehler in publi- Hipparchia semele (Linnaeus): caloscelis zierten Wirtslisten (Hinz 1985: 76 f.) werden Wirtsan- Maniola jurtina (Linnaeus): affector, caloscelis, graci- gaben aus der Literatur in der Regel nur in den licornis, insidiosus, novemalbatus, phaeostigmus, Fällen zitiert, in denen das den Veröffentlichungen (pseudocaloscelis) zugrunde liegende Material untersucht werden Melanargia galathaea (Linnaeus): affector, (caloscelis), konnte (siehe auch Diskussionen unter I. bucculentus novemalbatus, phaeostigmus und primatorius). Melanargia lachesis (Hübner): novemalbatus Pyronia tithonus (Linnaeus): caloscelis Aufl istung der Wirtsarten und der als Parasiten Lycaenidae angeführten Ichneumon-Arten Agrodiaetus admetus (Esper): exilicornis Fixsenia pruni (Linnaeus): submarginatus Parasiten-Arten mit fraglicher Determination oder Lycaena tityrus (Poda): sculpturatus fraglicher Wirtsbeziehung werden in Klammern Lysandra coridon (Poda): exilicornis angegeben (siehe die jeweiligen Einzelbesprechun- Maculinea alcon (Denis & Schiffermüller): eumerus gen). Maculinea rebeli (Hirschke): eumerus Maculinea teleius (Bergsträsser): eumerus, fulvicornis Hepialidae Plebejus argus (Linnaeus): exilicornis Hepialus humuli (Linnaeus): stramentarius Thecla betulae (Linnaeus): submarginatus Korscheltellus lupulinus (Linnaeus): (stramentarius), suspiciosus Geometridae Phymatopus hectus (Linnaeus): gracilentus Crocallis elinguaria (Linnaeus): tuberculipes Crocota lutearia (Fabricius): alpinator Crambidae Elophos caelibarius (Heydenreich): (berninae), (cyn- Udea murinalis (Fischer von Röslerstamm): (memora- thiae), occidentis tor) Elophos zellerarius (Freyer): occidentis Eulithis populata (Linnaeus): stigmatorius Lasiocampidae Euthrix potatoria (Linnaeus): didymus Lymantriidae Calliteara fascelina (Linnaeus): bellipes Pieridae Colias crocea (Geoffroy): (quadrialbatus) Arctiidae Arctia caja (Linnaeus): primatorius Nymphalidae Callimorpha dominula (Linnaeus): (erythromerus), Aglais urticae (Linnaeus): (affector), cessator, gracili- languidus cornis Eilema complana (Linnaeus): minutorius Apatura iris (Linnaeus): vorax Eilema griseola (Hübner): minutorius Araschnia levana (Linnaeus): gracilicornis Holarctia cervini (Fallou): occidentis 40 Parasemia plantaginis (Linnaeus): (erythromerus), Orthosia cerasi (Fabricius): albiger, confusor, crassife- vafer mur, extensorius, haemorrhoicus, inquinatus, liga- Phragmatobia fuliginosa (Linnaeus): erythromerus, torius, luteipes, sarcitorius, stramentor for mosus Orthosia cruda (Denis & Schiffermüller): confusor Setina aurita (Esper): berninae Orthosia gothica (Linnaeus): albiger, confusor, inqui- Setina irrorella (Linnaeus): berninae natus, ligatorius, luteipes, sarcitorius Orthosia incerta (Hufnagel): haemorrhoicus, inquina- Noctuidae tus, ligatorius, molitorius, stramentor Agrotis segetum (Denis & Schiffermüller): haemor- Orthosia munda (Denis & Schiffermüller): albiger, rhoicus inquinatus Anaplectoides prasinus (Denis & Schiffermüller): al- Phlogophora meticulosa (Linnaeus): computatorius, biger, alius, computatorius, confusor, crassifemur, stramentor extensorius, grandicornis, haemorrhoicus, haglundi, Phlogophora scita (Hübner): computatorius (hinzi), luteipes, melanotis, molitorius, sarcitorius, Polia bombycina (Hufnagel): haemorrhoicus stramentor Polia nebulosa (Hufnagel): (diversor), nebulosae Apamea crenata (Hufnagel): albiger, confusor, crassi- Sesamia nonagroides (Lefebvre): sarcitorius femur, haemorrhoicus, haglundi, molitorius Xestia alpicola (Zetterstedt): megapodius Apamea lateritia (Hufnagel): terminatorius Xestia baja (Denis & Schiffermüller): albiger, alius, Apamea lithoxylea (Denis & Schiffermüller): termina- computatorius, confusor, crassifemur, extensorius, torius grandicornis, haemorrhoicus, ligatorius, luteipes, Apamea monoglypha (Hufnagel): terminatorius (megapodius), melanotis, molitorius, sarcitorius, Apamea sordens (Hufnagel): stramentor stramentor, xanthorius Autographa bractea (Denis & Schiffermüller): (baltea- Xestia c-nigrum (Linnaeus): albiger, alius, computato- tus) rius, confusor, crassifemur, extensorius, grandicornis, Autographa gamma (Linnaeus): balteatus haemorrhoicus, ligatorius, luteipes, melanotis, moli- Autographa pulchrina (Haworth): (balteatus) torius, sarcitorius, stramentor Calamia tridens (Hufnagel): haemorrhoicus Xestia ditrapezium (Denis & Schiffermüller): alius,
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