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On Translation a Short Introduction to the Japanese Language Will
On Translation A short introduction to the Japanese language will illustrate the kind of difficulties one encounters in translating Japanese into the European languages, and vice versa. Linguistically, Japanese is an isolated language. It has no relation to Chinese. It must have had some relation to Korean, another isolated language, but the two went into different directions thousands of years ago. Some linguists claim that the Japanese language, along with the Korean, belongs to the Ural-Altaic family, yet the claim remains hypothetical. The Japanese language features some characteristics that would seem most strange to those who are only familiar with the European languages. For example, a grammatical subject is unnecessary in Japanese to construct a grammatically complete sentence. “淋しい” (Sabishii) means (someone is) lonely. It is a complete sentence, but there is no subject. The sentence may mean ‘I’m lonely,’ ‘you are lonely,’ ‘he/she is lonely,’ ‘the rock is lonely,’ ‘all human beings are lonely,’ etc, depending on the context. It may furthermore refer to a vague sense of loneliness which needn’t be specified. It is true that in some European languages, such as Italian, a grammatically complete sentence is possible without a named subject. But the subject can always be determined by the inflection of the verb (and often also by the changes in the articles, adjectives and nouns): “Sono sola,” “Sei solo.” A Japanese sentence may be very long and still be without a subject. Tale of Genji , for instance, might contain a sequence of three long sentences without subjects, yet in each a different subject would be implied. -
Regular Exhibition "History of Japanese Literature Based on Books" Materials List, Part I 名 称 名称ふりがな 解 説
別紙２ Regular Exhibition "History of Japanese Literature Based on Books" Materials List, Part I 名 称 名称ふりがな 解 説 I Literature in Jodai じょうだいのぶんがく (Ancient Times) While Japanese history often uses the term "kodai" to mean ancient times, the history of literature generally calls the times before the Heian period "jodai." Its beginning is uncertain, but its end is defined as the end of the 8th century. Politically, the state had progressed to unity and completion of its regime during this period. From the perspective of literature, this period was the time when Japanese people—who had not had characters for writing—first met kanji or Chinese characters and attempted various ways to express themselves using kanji. Literature in the period primarily when the capital was at Yamato before it was transferred to Heian-kyo in 794. While the categories range from myths to legends, songs, waka or Japanese poetry, Chinese poetry, Literature in Jodai じょうだいのぶんがく biographies, histories and topographies, there were not so many works as a whole. Every extant work containing ancient contents was actually compiled into a book in the Nara period (710–794). Some of those books were established against the background of the regime establishment of the state. Kojiki was established in 712. O no Yasumaro composed this book by writing down the ancient history inherited by Hieda no Are. Kojiki contains the history from the age of the gods to the reign of Empress Suiko (reign: 593–629). Nihon Shoki was established in 720 through a compilation carried out by Prince Myths and History しんわ・れきし Toneri. -
Title Classical Japanese in Linguistic and Cross-Cultural Perspective Sub
Title Classical Japanese in linguistic and cross-cultural perspective Sub Title Author De Wolf, Charles Publisher 慶應義塾大学日吉紀要刊行委員会 Publication 2020 year Jtitle 慶應義塾大学日吉紀要. 英語英米文学 (The Keio University Hiyoshi review of English studies). Vol.73, No.2020 (9. ) ,p.69- 87 Abstract Notes Genre Departmental Bulletin Paper URL https://koara.lib.keio.ac.jp/xoonips/modules/xoonips/detail.php?ko ara_id=AN10030060-20200930-0069 慶應義塾大学学術情報リポジトリ(KOARA)に掲載されているコンテンツの著作権は、それぞれの著作者、学会または 出版社/発行者に帰属し、その権利は著作権法によって保護されています。引用にあたっては、著作権法を遵守して ご利用ください。 The copyrights of content available on the KeiO Associated Repository of Academic resources (KOARA) belong to the respective authors, academic societies, or publishers/issuers, and these rights are protected by the Japanese Copyright Act. When quoting the content, please follow the Japanese copyright act. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Classical Japanese in Linguistic and Cross-Cultural Perspective1) Charles De Wolf In the preface to his famous A Dictionary of the English Language (1755), Samuel Johnson notes: “When we see men grow old and die at a certain time one after another, from century to century, we laugh at the elixir that promises to prolong life to a thousand years; and with equal justice may the lexicographer be derided, who being able to produce no example of a nation that has preserved their words and phrases from mutability, shall imagine that his dictionary can embalm his language, and secure it from corruption and decay, that it is in his power to change sublunary nature, or clear the world at once from folly, vanity, and affectation.” I cite this not only to show that, though no modern linguist, Johnson was quite aware that “mutability” applies to human language as well as all else that is “sublunary,” but also to note that, as learned as he was, Johnson knew far less about the history of the English language than anyone with curiosity and access to Wikipedia can learn, in a matter of minutes or at most hours. -
Uhm Phd 9506222 R.Pdf
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UM! films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent UJWD the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adverselyaffect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-band comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. U·M·I University Microfilms tnternauonat A Bell & Howell tntorrnatron Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. M148106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800:521·0600 Order Number 9506222 The linguistic and psycholinguistic nature of kanji: Do kanji represent and trigger only meanings? Matsunaga, Sachiko, Ph.D. University of Hawaii, 1994 Copyright @1994 by Matsunaga, Sachiko. -
The Interlinear Poetic Gloss of Japanese
Rubi -The interlinear poetic gloss of Japanese Joint Faculties of Humanities and Theology at SOL Lund Centre for Languages and Literature Div of Chinese Studies and Japanese Studies Bachelor thesis: Spring 2016 Edvin Melander Supervisor: Lars Larm © Copyright Edvin Melander The Faculties of Humanities and Theology Lund University Box 201 SE-221 00 Lund Sweden Phone: +46 (0)46 222 32 10 Humanistiska och teologiska fakulteterna vid SOL Lund Lund Universitet Box 201 SE-221 00 Lund Phone: +46 (0)46 222 32 10 Abstract The Japanese language has a complex system containing four different scripts. Through the combined usage of these scripts into something sometimes referred to as interlinear glossing, it is possible for the writer to express a wide range of poetic styles in a way that is quite unique to the Japanese language. Ranging from metonymical relations between words and sentences, to synecdoche, word play and visual rhymes. This thesis reviews some of the more recent research that has been conducted surrounding the combining of these different scripts to form poetical nuances and functions in written text, to try and find out just what functions and nuances these provide for written text and dialogue. The usage of five distinct but often overlapping categories of interlinear gloss will also be examined. This is done through the use of a questionnaire, where native Japanese speakers have been asked about these five different styles of usage separately in order to gain more sociolinguistic data regarding what nuances, implications, societal implications, functions etc, that these provide. Keywords: Ateji, Furigana, Interlinear gloss, Playful gloss, Rubi Foreword First, I would like to thank my teacher and thesis supervisor Lars Larm for his enthusiastic and tireless guidance, for the many hours spent after class discussing all kinds of matters relating to both language and writing, and especially for his many encouraging words along the way. -
Japanese Literature Quiz Who Was the First Japanese Novelist to Win the Nobel Prize for Literature?
Japanese Literature Quiz Who was the first Japanese novelist to win the Nobel Prize for Literature? ① Yasunari Kawabata ② Soseki Natsume ③ Ryunosuke Akutagawa ④ Yukio Mishima Who was the first Japanese novelist to win the Nobel Prize for Literature? ① Yasunari Kawabata ② Soseki Natsume ③ Ryunosuke Akutagawa ④ Yukio Mishima Who was the second Japanese novelist to win the Nobel Prize for Literature? ① Yasushi Inoue ② Kobo Abe ③ Junichiro Tanizaki ④ Kenzaburo Oe Who was the second Japanese novelist to win the Nobel Prize for Literature? ① Yasushi Inoue ② Kobo Abe ③ Junichiro Tanizaki ④ Kenzaburo Oe What is the title of Soseki Natsume's novel, "Wagahai wa ( ) de aru [I Am a ___]"? ① Inu [Dog] ② Neko [Cat] ③ Saru [Monkey] ④ Tora [Tiger] What is the title of Soseki Natsume's novel, "Wagahai wa ( ) de aru [I Am a ___]"? ① Inu [Dog] ② Neko [Cat] ③ Saru [Monkey] ④ Tora [Tiger] Which hot spring in Ehime Prefecture is written about in "Botchan," a novel by Soseki Natsume? ① Dogo Onsen ② Kusatsu Onsen ③ Hakone Onsen ④ Arima Onsen Which hot spring in Ehime Prefecture is written about in "Botchan," a novel by Soseki Natsume? ① Dogo Onsen ② Kusatsu Onsen ③ Hakone Onsen ④ Arima Onsen Which newspaper company did Soseki Natsume work and write novels for? ① Mainichi Shimbun ② Yomiuri Shimbun ③ Sankei Shimbun ④ Asahi Shimbun Which newspaper company did Soseki Natsume work and write novels for? ① Mainichi Shimbun ② Yomiuri Shimbun ③ Sankei Shimbun ④ Asahi Shimbun When was Murasaki Shikibu's "Genji Monogatari [The Tale of Genji] " written? ① around 1000 C.E. ② around 1300 C.E. ③ around 1600 C.E. ④ around 1900 C.E. When was Murasaki Shikibu's "Genji Monogatari [The Tale of Genji] " written? ① around 1000 C.E. -
Source-Based Translation and Foreignization: a Japanese Case
Source-Based Translation and Foreignization Source-Based Translation and Foreignization: A Japanese Case Yukari Fukuchi Meldrum Modern Languages and Cultural Studies, University of Alberta Introduction Foreignization, as currently understood in Translation Studies, is a concept that is charged with “more emphasis on the ideological pressure against the target-language culture than on the faithfulness to the original text” (Tamaki, 2005: 239). In other words, it is a conscious operation of bringing a foreign flavor into translations in order to counteract the effects of domestication, claimed by Venuti (1995) to be the cause of invisibility of translation and translators. Tamaki, in her 2005 paper, also cautions that the concept of foreignization should not be confused with a literal method of translation. Literal translation does not involve ideological intentions and is a mere translation method. In this paper, I will attempt to provide a supporting view that source-based translation, often seen in Japanese translation, needs to be understood outside of foreignization in the above sense. Specifically, I will illustrate that Japanese readers, in premodern times, had to gain specific knowledge and adapt to what was required in order to read and interpret texts in a satisfactory manner. This could have been a factor for the source-orientedness of Japanese translations still observed in a certain form today. By examining this background of Japanese text culture, the more source-based translation is shown to be merely a translation carried out by a literal method without any political or ideological intentions. Therefore, the concept of foreignization does not have a place in Japanese translation. -
“Literary Sinitic” and “Latin” As Transregional Languages: with Implications for Terminology Regarding “Kanbun”
SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 276 March, 2018 “Literary Sinitic” and “Latin” as Transregional Languages: With Implications for Terminology Regarding “Kanbun” by John Timothy Wixted Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS FOUNDED 1986 Editor-in-Chief VICTOR H. MAIR Associate Editors PAULA ROBERTS MARK SWOFFORD ISSN 2157-9679 (print) 2157-9687 (online) SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series dedicated to making available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor-in-chief actively encourages younger, not yet well established, scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including romanized modern standard Mandarin (MSM) and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino- Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. Submissions are regularly sent out to be refereed, and extensive editorial suggestions for revision may be offered. Sino-Platonic Papers emphasizes substance over form. -
ERIN L. BRIGHTWELL Department of Asian Languages & Cultures
ERIN L. BRIGHTWELL Department of Asian Languages & Cultures, University of Michigan, 202 S. Thayer St., Ste. 6111, Ann Arbor, MI 48104-1608 [email protected] CURRENT POSITION from Sept 1, 2015 Assistant Professor of Pre-modern Japanese Literature University of Michigan, Department of Asian Languages & Cultures PREVIOUS POSITION August 1, 2014 – July 31, 2015 Associate Professor (fixed term, special appointment) of Comparative Studies of Japanese Culture Hiroshima University, Department of Integrated Humanities EDUCATION September 2007 – June 2014 Princeton University, East Asian Studies (Classical Japanese Literature) PhD (Thomas Hare, advisor) Doctoral Dissertation: The Mirror of China: Language Selection, Images of China, and Narrating Japan in the Kamakura Period (1185-1333) General Examinations in Classical Japanese Literature (with Richard Okada), with Minor Fields in Comparative Literature (with Thomas Hare) and Tang and Six Dynasties Literature (with Ping Wang), completed May 2010. September 2004 – June 2007 University of Washington–Seattle, Asian Languages & Literature (Chinese) MA (Zev Handel, advisor) MA thesis: Confronting the Strange: Narrative and Exposition in Ren Fang’s Notes Relating the Extraordinary September 2001 – May 2004 University of Washington–Seattle, Asian Languages & Literature (Japanese Linguistics) BA magna cum laude September 1991 – May 1995 Smith College, German Studies BA cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa ADDITIONAL EDUCATION & TRAINING April 2012 – August 2013 Rikkyō University (立教大学), Tokyo, Japan, Visiting -
From Translation to Adaptation: Chinese Language Texts and Early Modern Japanese Literature
From Translation to Adaptation: Chinese Language Texts and Early Modern Japanese Literature Nan Ma Hartmann Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2014 © 2014 Nan Ma Hartmann All rights reserved ABSTRACT From Translation to Adaptation: Chinese Language Texts and Early Modern Japanese Literature Nan Ma Hartmann This dissertation examines the reception of Chinese language and literature during Tokugawa period Japan, highlighting the importation of vernacular Chinese, the transformation of literary styles, and the translation of narrative fiction. By analyzing the social and linguistic influences of the reception and adaptation of Chinese vernacular fiction, I hope to improve our understanding of genre development and linguistic diversification in early modern Japanese literature. This dissertation historically and linguistically contextualizes the vernacularization movements and adaptations of Chinese texts in the seventeenth to eighteenth centuries, showing how literary importation and localization were essential stimulants and also a paradigmatic shift that generated new platforms for Japanese literature. Chapter 1 places the early introduction of vernacular Chinese language in its social and cultural contexts, focusing on its route of propagation from the Nagasaki translator community to literati and scholars in Edo, and its elevation from a utilitarian language to an object of literary and political interest. Central figures include Okajima Kazan (1674-1728) and Ogyû Sorai (1666-1728). Chapter 2 continues the discussion of the popularization of vernacular Chinese among elite intellectuals, represented by the Ken’en School of scholars and their Chinese study group, “the Translation Society.” This chapter discusses the methodology of the study of Chinese by surveying a number of primers and dictionaries compiled for reading vernacular Chinese and comparing such material with methodologies for reading classical Chinese. -
Premodern East Asia and the Power of Character Scripts Wiebke Denecke
15 Worlds Without Translation: Premodern East Asia and the Power of Character Scripts Wiebke Denecke We are used to thinking that translation is indispensable. An English speaker without competence in Latin does not understand Virgil unless he is translated into English. But we forget that this is partly a function of the alphabetic script Latin and English use. Translation has not been a prerequisite for full mutual intelligibility with char- acter scripts that rely heavily on logographic writing, in which each character stands for a word (more precisely a morpheme). As we will see below, into the twentieth century an educated Japanese, for example, could read a Chinese text by pronouncing it in Japanese, without any knowledge of Chinese or any need for translation. All cultures that were arguably independent sites of script invention developed scripts with a strong logographic component: Mesopotamian cuneiform, Egyptian hiero- glyphs, Chinese characters, and Maya glyphs. Of these primary scripts only Chinese survives today, vigorously, from its already mature form in the thirteenth century bce into our digital age. It is used in the sinophone world, in Japan, and to a limited degree in Korea, and it stands as a thought-provoking exception to the alphabetic scripts that dominate much of today’s world. Some scholars have, justly, downplayed the difference between logographic systems, where the relation between sign and sound is more flexible, and syllabic or alphabetic systems, which are more prescriptive and phonographic (recording sound). I. J. Gelb’s (1963) scheme that assumes a progression from logographic to syllabic to alphabetic writing systems is questionable (Daniels and Bright 1996, 8–10). -
Modern Japanese Literature
College of Arts and Sciences Department of Modern Languages and Literatures Oakland University JPN 420 Japanese Literature –Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, 4 credits Winter 2010 Course Catalogue Description: Reading texts of various genres. Conducted in Japanese. Prerequisites: JPN 314, 318 and 355. Sensei: Seigo Nakao, PhD Office: 354 O’Dowd Hall. Office Hours: MWF: 2:30-3:30. Or by appointment. Office Phone: (248) 370-2066. Email address: [email protected] This class satisfies the General Education requirement for the Capstone Experience in the Major. Satisfies the university general education requirement for a Writing Intensive in the Major. Prerequisites for the writing intensive: JPN 314, 318, and 355; also, completion of the university writing foundation requirement. General Education Learning Outcomes: Integration Knowledge Area: As a capstone course, The student will demonstrate: - appropriate uses of a variety of methods of inquiry (through exposure to a variety of literary approaches via lectures and research) and a recognition of ethical considerations that arise (through discussions and written treatments [tests, research paper] of literary themes). - the ability to integrate the knowledge learned in general education (foreign language and culture, and literature) and its relevance to the student’s life and career. Knowledge Areas: 1. Foreign Language and Culture Students integrate the following ACTFL national standard skills in the Japanese language: speaking (class discussions), listening (lectures), reading (literary texts), culture and writing (tests, papers) in the context of Japanese literature. 2. Literature Students will develop and integrate literary knowledge of genres and periods from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, demonstrating how literature is a manifestation of culture and how literary form functions to enable this artistic expression.