DOCSLIB.ORG

Willow Creek Final Project Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Willow Creek Final Project Report Willow Creek Final Project Report Pine Valley Coal Ltd. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF APPENDICES 1.0 INTRODUCTION ● 1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND ● 1.2 PROPERTY LOCATION, SERVICE FEATURES AND PHYSIOGRAPHY ● 1.3 HISTORY ● 1.4 KEY PROJECT DATA ● 1.5 CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE ● 1.6 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT TERMS OF REFERENCE ● 1.7 PERMIT REQUIREMENTS ● 1.8 REPORT ORGANIZATION 2.0 PROJECT RATIONALE AND DESCRIPTION ● 2.1 GEOLOGY ● 2.1.1 Introduction ● 2.1.2 Stratigraphy ● 2.1.3 Structural Geology ● 2.1.4 Geological Interpretation ● 2.1.5 Coal Quality ● 2.2 MINING ● 2.2.1 Introduction ● 2.2.2 Mining Methodology ● 2.2.3 Production Levels and Stripping Ratios ● 2.2.4 Mine Design and Layout ● 2.2.5 Mining Sequence And Development Plan ● 2.2.6 Main Access And Haul Road Options ● 2.2.7 Rock Dumping/Backfilling ● 2.2.8 Geotechnical Criteria ● 2.2.9 Recoverable And Product Reserves ● 2.2.10 Material Balance ● 2.2.11 Mine Equipment ● 2.2.12 Mine Maintenance ● 2.2.13 Drilling and Blasting ● 2.3 COAL PROCESSING ● 2.3.1 Introduction ● 2.3.2 General Approach ● 2.3.3 Raw Coal ● 2.3.4 Coal Preparation Plant ● 2.3.5 Clean Coal Handling ● 2.3.6 Train Loadout ● 2.3.7 Plant Refuse Disposal ● 2.3.8 Coal Quality Laboratory ● 2.4 SITE INFRASTRUCTURE ● 2.4.1 Introduction ● 2.4.2 Maintenance, Warehouse & Administration Facilities ● 2.4.3 Utilities ● 2.5 SURFACE WATER MANAGEMENT ● 2.6 RECLAMATION PLAN 3.0 SITE SELECTION 4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE ● 4.1 SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES ● 4.2 CLIMATE AND AIR QUALITY ● 4.2.1 Wind ● 4.2.2 Air Quality ● 4.2.3 Temperature and Precipitation ● 4.3 SURFICIAL GEOLOGY AND SOILS ● 4.4 WATER QUALITY ● 4.4.1 Scope and Objectives of Studies ● 4.4.2 Surface Water Quality ● 4.4.2.1 Weekly Variability ● 4.4.2.2 Seasonal Variability ● 4.4.2.3 Spatial Variability of Seasonal Data ● 4.4.2.4 Summary Water Quality Characteristics of Area Streams ● 4.4.2.5 QA/QC ● 4.4.2.6 Low Level Metals ● 4.4.3 Groundwater ● 4.4.4 Stream Sediments ● 4.5 HYDROLOGY ● 4.5.1 Background ● 4.5.2 Objectives and Scope of the 1996/97 Program ● 4.5.3 NDM Methods ● 4.5.4 IEC 1982 Results ● 4.5.5 B. Guy 1994 Results ● 4.5.6 NDM 1996 Results ● 4.5.7 Groundwater ● 4.6 FISHERIES ● 4.6.1 Globaltex 1994 ● 4.6.2 NDM 1996 ● 4.6.2.1 Introduction ● 4.6.2.2 Study Methods ● 4.6.2.3 Baseline Environment ● 4.7 BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES ● 4.8 PERIPHYTON ● 4.8.1 Methods ● 4.8.2 Trophic Status ● 4.8.2.1 Sampling Sites ● 4.8.2.2 Taxonomy ● 4.8.2.3 Biomass ● 4.8.2.4 Chlorophyll a Content ● 4.9 BIOTERRAIN AND SOILS ● 4.9.1 Introduction ● 4.9.2 Methods ● 4.9.2.1 Terrain Mapping and Mapping Reliability ● 4.9.2.2Soil Classification ● 4.9.3 Results ● 4.9.3.1 Physiography ● 4.9.3.2 Surficial Materials and Associated Landforms ● 4.9.3.3Active Geomorphological Processes ● 4.9.3.4 Soil Classes and Distribution ● 4.9.4 Summary ● 4.10 TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM MAPPING ● 4.10.1 Background ● 4.10.2 Objectives ● 4.10.3 Methodology ● 4.10.4 Description of Map Units ● 4.10.4.1 Ecoregions ● 4.10.4.2 Biogeoclimatic Units ● 4.10.4.3 Ecosystem Units ● 4.11 VEGETATION ● 4.11.1 Background ● 4.11.2 Methodology ● 4.11.3 Results ● 4.12 WILDLIFE ● 4.12.1 Methodology ● 4.12.3 Results ● 4.12.3.1 Birds ● 4.12.3.2 Mammals ● 4.12.3.3 Amphibians ● 4.12.3.4 Reptiles ● 4.12.3.5 Wildlife Capability Ratings ● 4.12.3.6 Valued Ecosystem Components ● 4.12.3.7 Environmentally Sensitive Areas ● 4.13 ARCHAEOLOGY/HERITAGE/TRADITIONAL USE ● 4.14 LAND USE ● 4.14.1 Agriculture ● 4.14.2 Forestry ● 4.14-3 Non-Renewable Resources ● 4.14.4 Private Land Holdings ● 4.14.5 Guiding/Hunting ● 4.14.6 Trapping ● 4.14.7 Water Licences and Wells ● 4.15 ACID ROCK DRAINAGE STUDIES ● 4.15.1 Introduction ● 4.15.2 Sampling and Analysis ● 4.15.3 Description of Results ● 4.15.3.1 Form of Sulphur ● 4.15.3.2 ABA Characteristics by Rock type ● 4.15.3.3 Seam Interburden ● 4.15.3.4 Coal ● 4.15.3.5 Coarse Plant Rejects ● 4.15.4 Interpretation of ARD Potential ● 4.15.5 Conclusions 5.0 SOCIO-ECONOMIC BASELINE ● 5.1 INTRODUCTION ● 5.2 PART A - CHETWYND PROFILE ● 5.2.1 History ● 5.2.2 Location ● 5.2.3 Area Communities ● 5.2.4 Population and Labour Force ● 5.2.5 Economic Base and Development ● 5.2.6 Community Services ● 5.3 PART B: DAWSON CREEK AREA PROFILE ● 5.3.1 History ● 5.3.2 Location ● 5.3.3 Economic Base and Development ● 5.3.4 Population and Labour Force 6.0 DIRECT AND INDIRECT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT ● 6.1 INTRODUCTION ● 6.2 AIR QUALITY ● 6.2.1 Emission Sources ● 6.2.1.1 Mining ● 6.2.1.2 Coal Handling ● 6.2.1.3 Shops and Administration ● 6.2.2 Dust ● 6.2.2.1 Construction ● 6.2.2.2 Operations ● 6.2.3 Other Emissions ● 6.2.4 Distances to Nearest Residence from Mine Facilities ● 6.3 NOISE ● 6.3.1 Introduction ● 6.3.2 Mine Construction ● 6.3.3 Mine Operation ● 6.3.3.1 Excavators and Front End Loaders ● 6.3.3.2 Blasting ● 6.3.3.3 Haul Trucks ● 6.3.3.4 Private Automobiles ● 6.3.3.5 Highway Truck Traffic ● 6.3.3.6 Internal Plant Noise ● 6.3.3.7 Train Noise ● 6.4 VISUAL QUALITY ● 6.4.1 Construction ● 6.4.2 Operation ● 6.5 SURFACE WATER QUALITY ● 6.5.1 Introduction ● 6.5.2 Construction Phase ● 6.5.3 Operations Phase ● 6.5.3.1 Suspended Sediments ● 6.5.3.2 Nitrogen Compounds ● 6.5.4 Reclamation and Closure Phase ● 6.6 GROUNDWATER ● 6.7 FISH ● 6.7.1 Project Design ● 6.7.2 Project Construction ● 6.7.3 Mine Operation ● 6.7.4 Abandonment and Closure ● 6.7.5 Residual Impacts ● 6.8 ECOSYSTEM UNITS ● 6.8.1 Construction and Operational Phases ● 6.8.1.1 Loss of Ecosystem Units ● 6.8.2 Reclamation and Closure Phase ● 6.9 WILDLIFE ● 6.9.1 Habitat Alteration ● 6.9.1.1 Grizzly Bear ● 6.9.1.2 Elk ● 6.9.1.3 Moose ● 6.9.1.4 Mule Deer and White-tailed Deer ● 6.9.1.5 Marten ● 6.9.1.6 Fisher ● 6.9.1.7 Northern Goshawk ● 6.9.1.8 Broad-winged Hawk ● 6.9.1.9 Black-throated Green Warbler ● 6.9.1.10 Connecticut Warbler ● 6.9.1.11 Bay-breasted Warbler ● 6.9.1.12 Cape May Warbler ● 6.9.1.13 Canada Warbler ● 6.9.1.14 Philadelphia Vireo ● 6.9.1.15 Yellow-bellied Flycatcher ● 6.9.1.16 Woodland Caribou ● 6.9.1.17 Trumpeter Swans ● 6.9.2 Reduced Habitat Effectiveness ● 6.9.3 Blockage of Wildlife Movement ● 6.9.4 Habitat Fragmentation ● 6.9.5 Project Related Wildlife Mortalities 7.0 MITIGATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ● 7.1 CONCEPTUAL RECLAMATION PLAN ● 7.1.1 Introduction ● 7.1.2 Land and Resource Use ● 7.1.3 Reclamation Objectives ● 7.1.4 Post-Mining Landscape Units ● 7.1.4.1 External Rock Dumps ● 7.1.4.2 Pits ● 7.1.4.3 Sedimentation Ponds ● 7.1.4.4 Roads ● 7.1.4.5 Plant Facilities ● 7.1.5 Site Preparation ● 7.1.5.1 Soil Stockpiling ● 7.1.5.2 Rock Dumps ● 7.1.5.3 Pit Preparation ● 7.1.5.4 Decommissioning of Roads, and Plant Site ● 7.1.6 Re-vegetation ● 7.1.6.2 Re-vegetation of Rock Dumps/Backfill ● 7.1.6.3 Selection of Vegetation ● 7.1.7 Monitoring and Research ● 7.2 CONCEPTUAL WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN ● 7.2.1 Construction Phase ● 7.2.2 Operations Phase ● 7.2.2.1 Overburden and Rock ● 7.2.2.2 Tailings ● 7.2.2.3 Coarse Plant Rejects ● 7.2.2.4 Domestic Sewage ● 7.2.2.5 Refuse Management ● 7.2.3 Closure Phase ● 7.3 CONCEPTUAL WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN ● 7.3.1 Site Description and Drainage ● 7.3.2 Sediment and Water Control During Construction ● 7.3.3 Sedimentation and Diversion Requirements ● 7.3.4 Sedimentation Pond Phasing and Sizing ● 7.3.4.1 Conceptual Phasing and Design Criteria ● 7.3.4.2 Preliminary Estimate of Pond Inflows ● 7.3.4.3 Pond Sizing ● 7.3.5 Sedimentation Pond and Ditch Design ● 7.3.6 Wash Plant Water Balance ● 7.4 FISHERIES ● 7.4.1 Mitigation ● 7.4.2 Compensation ● 7.5 WILDLIFE HABITAT PROTECTION PLAN ● 7.5.1 Reduction Of Habitat Alteration ● 7.5.2 Improve Habitat Effectiveness ● 7.5.3 Minimize Blockage Of Wildlife Movement ● 7.5.4 Decrease Habitat Fragmentation ● 7.5.5 Reduce Project Related Wildlife Mortalities ● 7.6 NOISE ● 7.7 DUST ● 7.8 VISUAL QUALITY 8.0 DIRECT AND INDIRECT SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS ● 8.1 GENERAL ● 8.2 INDICATORS OF ECONOMIC BENEFITS ● 8.2.1 Assessment of Impact on Economic Variables ● 8.2.2 Summary of Economic Study Results ● 8.2.3 Aggregate Economic Impacts ● 8.2.4 Government Revenues ● 8.3 DISTRICT OF CHETWYND ● 8.4 WILLOW FLATS AND COMMUNITY ● 8.5 PROCUREMENT AND HUMAN RESOURCE POLICIES 9.0 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES ● 9.1 INTRODUCTION ● 9.2 PLANT LOCATION ALTERNATIVES ● 9.3 MAIN HAUL ROAD ALTERNATIVES ● 9.4 TAILINGS POND ● 9.5 REJECT DISPOSAL 10.0 ASSESSMENT OF ALTERNATIVES EFFECTS 11.0 POTENTIAL EFFECTS ON ABORIGINAL TRADITIONAL USE 12.0 SAFETY AND CONTINGENCY RESPONSE ● 12.1 SCOPE AND PURPOSE ● 12.1 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ● 12.2 CHEMICAL STORAGE AND HANDLING ● 12.2.1 Chemicals List ● 12.2.2 Flocculants ● 12.2.3 Lime ● 12.2.4 Petroleum Products ● 12.2.4 Other Chemicals ● 12.3 SAFETY ● 12.4 EMERGENCY RESPONSE ● 12.5 ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITIES ● 12.5.1 Responsibilities of the Person Discovering the Spill ● 12.5.2 Responsibilities of the General Manager and Mine or Wash Plant Superintendent ● 12.5.3 Responsibilities of the On-Scene Work Crew ● 12.5.4 Responsibilities of the Site Crew ● 12.5.5 Duties of the Safety and Environment Manager Not Related to the Spill Event ● 12.6 GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION PROCEDURE ● 12.6.1 Minesite Spills ● 12.6.2 Transport Spills ● 12.7 SUPPLIES AND RESOURCES ● 12.7.1 Explosives Manufacturers and Suppliers ● 12.7.2 Canadian Transport Emergency Centre (CANUTEC) ● 12.7.3 Chemical Waste Disposal Contractors ● 12.7.4 Suppliers and Dealers ● 12.7.5 Other 13.0 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ASSESSMENT ● 13.1 DIRECT IMPACTS FROM THE PROJECT ● 13.2 FISHERIES ● 13.3 ECOSYSTEM UNITS/VEGETATION ● 13.4 WILDLIFE ● 13.4.1 Cumulative Effects ● 13.4.3.1 Grizzly Bear ● 13.4.3.2 Elk ● 13.4.3.3 Moose ● 13.4.3.4
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chemical and Physical Structural Studies on Two Inertinite-Rich Lump
    CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL STRUCTURAL STUDIES ON TWO INERTINITE-RICH LUMP COALS. Nandi Malumbazo A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philoso- phy in the School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering at the University of the Witwatersrand. Johannesburg, 2011 DECLARATION I, Nandi Malumbazo, declare that the thesis entitled: “CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL STRUCTURAL STUDIES ON TWO INER- TINITE-RICH LUMP COALS” is my own work and that all sources I have used or quoted have been indicated and ac- knowledged by means of references. Signature: ……………………………………………………………….. Date:………………………………………………………………………… Page i ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Two Highveld inertinite-rich lump coals were utilized as feed coal samples in order to study their physical, chemical structural and petrographic variations during heat treat- ment in a packed-bed reactor unit combustor. The two feed lump coals were selected as it is claimed that Coal B converts at a slower rate in a commercial coal conversion process when compared to Coal A. The reason for this requires detailed investigation. Chemical structural variations were determined by proximate and coal char CO2 reactiv- ity analysis. Physical structural variations were determined by FTIR, BET adsorption methods, XRD and 13C Solid state NMR analysis. Carbon particle type analysis was con- ducted to determine the petrographic constituents of the reactor generated samples, their maceral associations (microlithotype), and char morphology. This analysis was undertaken with the intention of tracking the carbon conversion and char formation and consumption behaviour of the two coal samples within the reactor. Proximate analysis revealed that Coal A released 10 % more of its volatile matter through the reactor compared to Coal B.
    [Show full text]
  • L'uranium Des Charbons : Quelle Perspective De Réserve ?
    URANIUM FROM COAL ASH: RESOURCE ASSESSMENT AND OUTLOOK ON PRODUCTION CAPACITIES Antoine Monnet, PhD candidate [email protected] CEA, DEN/DANS/I-tésé IAEA URAM, Vienna | 23-27 June 2014 | PAGE 1 CONTEXTUAL BACKGROUND Issues and challenges Milling process flow Key parameters COAL ASH: URANIUM RESOURCE ASSESSMENT RESOURCES AND From coal resources From coal-ash piles PRODUCTION CAPACITIES OUTLOOK ON RESERVES AND PRODUCTION Technical constraints Coal ash compared with other U productions Potential reserves Limits to production capacities CONTEXTUAL BACKGROUND Issues and challenges Milling process flow Key parameters COAL ASH: URANIUM RESOURCE ASSESSMENT RESOURCES AND From coal resources From coal-ash piles PRODUCTION CAPACITIES OUTLOOK ON RESERVES AND PRODUCTION Technical constraints Coal ash compared with other U productions Potential reserves Limits to production capacities MAIN ISSUES AND CHALLENGES Strategic challenges Long-term supply Small production when demand was high (Cold War) Significant supply source in case of new tensions on global supply? China Coal: world 1st producer (~50% of world production) Uranium: increasing imports and demand 2010: needs of 3900 tU vs. 1350tU in domestic production 2030: Demand 12300 to 16200 tU ! Typical mine lead time ~ 10 years Impacts on environmental and health hazards ? IAEA URAM Internation Symposium | 23-27 June 2014 | PAGE 4 KNOWN URANIUM+COAL DEPOSITS UDEPO Uranium Database (IAEA): well documented! Identified “lignite-coal” uranium deposits ~400 ktU (>400ppm) Lignite-coal category: only the most promising deposits UDEPO provides a good tool to follow rising projects in which uranium could be produced from coal either as a primary product or a co-product Prospective approach (long-term): also needs to assess the whole resource (even uranium as a potential by-product and potentially lower grades) UDEPO: not all the reported quantities are in the coal itself.
    [Show full text]
  • Maceral Types and Quality of Coal in the Tuli Coalfield: a Case
    applied sciences Article Maceral Types and Quality of Coal in the Tuli Coalfield: A Case Study of Coal in the Madzaringwe Formation in the Vele Colliery, Limpopo Province, South Africa Elelwani Denge * and Christopher Baiyegunhi Department of Geology and Mining, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Featured Application: Authors are encouraged to provide a concise description of the specific application or a potential application of the work. This section is not mandatory. Abstract: The Madzaringwe Formation in the Vele colliery is one of the coal-bearing Late Palaeozoic units of the Karoo Supergroup, consisting of shale with thin coal seams and sandstones. Maceral group analysis was conducted on seven representative coal samples collected from three existing boreholes—OV125149, OV125156, and OV125160—in the Vele colliery to determine the coal rank and other intrinsic characteristics of the coal. The petrographic characterization revealed that vitrinite is the dominant maceral group in the coals, representing up to 81–92 vol.% (mmf) of the total sample. Collotellinite is the dominant vitrinite maceral, with a total count varying between 52.4 vol.% (mmf) and 74.9 vol.% (mmf), followed by corpogelinite, collodetrinite, tellinite, and pseudovitrinite with a Citation: Denge, E.; Baiyegunhi, C. count ranging between 0.8 and 19.4 vol.% (mmf), 1.5 and 17.5 vol.% (mmf), 0.8 and 6.5 vol.% (mmf) Maceral Types and Quality of Coal in the Tuli Coalfield: A Case Study of and 0.3 and 5.9 vol.% (mmf), respectively. The dominance of collotellinite gives a clear indication Coal in the Madzaringwe Formation that the coals are derived from the parenchymatous and woody tissues of roots, stems, and leaves.
    [Show full text]
  • Annals of UPET
    Annals of the University of Petro şani, Mining Engineering, 16 (2015) ISSN 1454-9174 ANNALS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PETROSANI MINING ENGINEERING vol. 16 (XLIII) UNIVERSITAS PUBLISHING HOUSE Petro şani – ROMÂNIA, 2015 2 Annals of the University of Petro şani, Mining Engineering, 16 (2015) _______________________________________________________________ISSN 1454-9174 EDITOR OF PUBLICATION _____________________Prof.dr.eng, Ioan – Lucian BOLUNDU Ț_____________________ ADVISORY AND EDITORIAL BOARD OF MINING ENGINEERING ISSUES ADVISORY BOARD Prof. PhD. Eng. Roland MORARU University of Petro şani Prof. PhD. Eng. Andrei KORCEAK Moscow State Mining University Russia Prof. PhD. Eng. Lev Alexandrovich PUCHKOV Moscow State Mining University Russia Prof. PhD. Eng. Victor HARCENKO Moscow State Mining University Russia Prof. PhD. Eng. Vladimir LITVINENCO Moscow State Institute-Sankt Petersburg Russia Prof. PhD. Eng. Raimondo CICCU University of Cagliari - Italy Prof. PhD. Eng. Carsten DREBENSTEDT Technische Universitat Bergakademie Freiberg - Germany Assoc. Prof.PhD. Eng. Ventzislav IVANOV University of Mining and Geology – Sofia - Bulgaria Prof. PhD. Eng. Zacharis AGIOTANTIS Technical University of Crete - Greece Prof. PhD. Eng. Sukumar BANDOPADHYAY University of Alaska – Fairbanks, S.U.A Prof. PhD. Eng. Hani MITRI McGill University – Montreal, Canada Prof. PhD. Eng. Gheorghe MORARU Universitatea Tehnic ă a Moldovei – Chi şin ău, Moldova PhD.Eng. Raj SINGHAL Int. Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment - Canada Prof. PhD. Eng. I şik YILMAZ Cumhuriyet University – Istambul, Turcia Prof. PhD. Eng. Ingo VALMA Tallin University of Technology - Estonia EDITORIAL BOARD Editor-in-chief: Prof. PhD. Eng. Ilie ONICA University of Petro şani Associate Prof. PhD. Eng. Victor ARAD University of Petro şani editors: Assoc. Prof. PhD. Eng. Camelia B ĂDULESCU University of Petro şani Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • COAL BLENDING MODEL Theory and Application of the Model by EDWIN
    COAL BLENDING MODEL Theory and Application of the Model by EDWIN ALOIS BAUER B.A.Sc., The University of British Columbia, 19 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF APPLIED SCIENCE in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES Mining and Mineral Process Engineering University of British Columbia We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA December 1988 (c)Edwin Alois Bauer, 1988 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of ft\'in\rt^ + M; A<*f»\ Prated gnj. The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada Date kprfl 1 L A 1 DE-6 (2/88) Pg ii ABSTRACT Over the past decade, most Western Canadian coal mines have been forced to mine deposits containing multiple seams of coal, with varying coal qualities. This change in mining practice has caused considerable challenges for coal washery personnel. Blending or homogenization of these multiple seams has been the standard approach in attempting to minimize the disruption to washery operations. The purpose of this research was to develop a method of quantifying the effects of a controlled blending program on preparation plant yield, thus providing a way to optimize the blending program within the constraints of the mining program, the processing unit operations, and the final product quality constraints.
    [Show full text]
  • Petrographic Characteristics of Coal Gasification and Combustion By
    energies Article Petrographic Characteristics of Coal Gasification and Combustion by-Products from High Volatile Bituminous Coal Barbara Bielowicz Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environment Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; [email protected] Received: 8 July 2020; Accepted: 23 August 2020; Published: 25 August 2020 Abstract: The coal was gasified in a fluidized bed reactor with CO2 as a gasifying agent at 889–980 ◦C. The coal and gasification residue produced during gasification was burned at temperatures up to 900 ◦C. The petrographic analysis, gasification residues, and fly and bottom ash resulting from the combustion of coal and chars showed the efficiency of the gasification and combustion processes. The gasification residue primarily comprised inertoids and crassinetwork, which accounted for 60% of the sample. The analysis of the petrographic composition of fly ash revealed that the fly ash formed during the combustion of gasification residue had a higher mineral content. The fly ash from the combustion of gasification products contained significantly less unburned coal compared to that from coal. The samples of the bottom ash from coal combustion were composed of approximately 25% organic matter, most of which was chars. The bottom ash formed from the combustion of coal gasification products was composed mainly of mineral matter (95% or higher). The obtained results have significant implications in determining future waste management strategies. Keywords: coal; gasification; char; bottom ash; fly ash 1. Introduction Coal gasification, which refers to the transformation of coal into gas, is being increasingly used because of its environmentally friendly nature.
    [Show full text]
  • Coalification and Coal Alteration Under Mild Thermal Conditions
    Int J Coal Sci Technol (2018) 5(3):358–373 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40789-018-0220-7 Coalification and coal alteration under mild thermal conditions 1 1 Pavel Straka • Ivana Sy´korova´ Received: 2 May 2018 / Revised: 13 July 2018 / Accepted: 30 August 2018 / Published online: 12 September 2018 Ó The Author(s) 2018 Abstract Coalification temperatures are often considered to be approximately 100–170 °C for bituminous coal and 170–275 °C for anthracite. However, our micropetrographic observations, solid state 27Al magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance measurements, interpretation of d13C values for whewellite in pelosiderite concretions from Car- boniferous sediments, and assessment of whewellite thermal stability show that coalification temperatures can be signif- icantly lower. Also the temperatures of coal alteration may be substantially lower than is stated. Ordinarily, high- temperature alteration is reported, but microthermometric measurements of fluids temperatures and micropetrographic observations show that the coal alteration can take place at low temperatures. For this reason, coals from the Kladno– Rakovnı´k Basin, part of Late Paleozoic continental basins of the Czech Republic, were analyzed. Regarding coalification, micropetrographic characterizations of unaltered coals, the presence of thermally unstable Al complexes in the coal organic mass documented using 27Al MAS NMR method, and proven occurrence of whewellite in pelosiderite concretions suggest a lower coalification temperature, max. ~ 70 °C. Regarding coal alteration, micropetrographic observations revealed (a) the weaker intensity of fluorescence of liptinite, (b) mylonitic structures and microbreccia with carbonate fluid penetration, and (c) high oxygen content in coals (37–38 wt.%). These phenomena are typical for thermal and oxidative alteration of coal.
    [Show full text]
  • Coal - Wikipedia Page 1 of 26
    Coal - Wikipedia Page 1 of 26 Coal From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds Coal or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be Sedimentary rock regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure. Coal is composed primarily of carbon, along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.[1] A fossil fuel, coal forms when dead plant matter is converted into peat, which in turn is converted into lignite, then sub-bituminous coal, after that bituminous coal, and lastly anthracite. This involves biological and geological processes that take place over time. Throughout history, coal has been used as an energy resource, primarily burned for the production of electricity and heat, and is also used for industrial purposes, such as refining metals. Coal is the largest source of energy for the generation of electricity worldwide, as well as one of the largest worldwide anthropogenic Anthracite coal sources of carbon dioxide releases. The extraction of coal, its use Composition in energy production and its byproducts are all associated with Primary carbon environmental and health effects including climate change.[2] Secondary hydrogen Coal is extracted from the ground by coal mining. Since 1983, the sulfur world's top coal producer has been China.[3] In 2011 China oxygen produced 3,520 million tonnes of coal – 49.5% of
    [Show full text]
  • Religion and Resistance to Mountaintop Removal Coal Mining in Appalachia
    THE FAITH TO SAVE MOUNTAINS: RELIGION AND RESISTANCE TO MOUNTAINTOP REMOVAL COAL MINING IN APPALACHIA By JOSEPH DYLAN WITT A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2011 1 © 2011 Joseph Dylan Witt 2 To my family and the people of Appalachia 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank my mother and father, who instilled in me a love of the mountains and a desire to help people in need. I thank the members of my dissertation committee, Bron Taylor, Anna Peterson, David Hackett, and Jack Davis, who provided excellent feedback on my work, helped me articulate my thoughts clearly, and pointed me toward helpful resources for further consideration. I am grateful to my friends in Gainesville and elsewhere, especially Robert Perdue, Elliot Kuecker, and Lucas Johnston, whose support and conversation helped me develop my arguments regarding religion and mountaintop removal and who supported me during the more difficult times in the field and while writing. Finally, I thank the activists and residents of Appalachia who generously gave me their time, fed me, and supported my project. This research was partially funded by grants from the Kentucky Historical Association and a Gibson Dissertation Fellowship, from the University of Florida. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................4 LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................................7
    [Show full text]
  • Annals of the University of Petro Şani, Mining Engineering, 16 (2015)
    Annals of the University of Petro şani, Mining Engineering, 16 (2015) ISSN 1454-9174 ANNALS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PETROSANI MINING ENGINEERING vol. 16 (XXXVI) UNIVERSITAS PUBLISHING HOUSE Petro şani – ROMÂNIA, 2015 2 Annals of the University of Petro şani, Mining Engineering, 16 (2015) _______________________________________________________________ISSN 1454-9174 EDITOR OF PUBLICATION _____________________Prof.dr.eng, Ioan – Lucian BOLUNDU Ț_____________________ ADVISORY AND EDITORIAL BOARD OF MINING ENGINEERING ISSUES ADVISORY BOARD Prof. PhD. Eng. Roland MORARU University of Petro şani Prof. PhD. Eng. Andrei KORCEAK Moscow State Mining University Russia Prof. PhD. Eng. Lev Alexandrovich PUCHKOV Moscow State Mining University Russia Prof. PhD. Eng. Victor HARCENKO Moscow State Mining University Russia Prof. PhD. Eng. Vladimir LITVINENCO Moscow State Institute-Sankt Petersburg Russia Prof. PhD. Eng. Raimondo CICCU University of Cagliari - Italy Prof. PhD. Eng. Carsten DREBENSTEDT Technische Universitat Bergakademie Freiberg - Germany Assoc. Prof.PhD. Eng. Ventzislav IVANOV University of Mining and Geology – Sofia - Bulgaria Prof. PhD. Eng. Zacharis AGIOTANTIS Technical University of Crete - Greece Prof. PhD. Eng. Sukumar BANDOPADHYAY University of Alaska – Fairbanks, S.U.A Prof. PhD. Eng. Hani MITRI McGill University – Montreal, Canada Prof. PhD. Eng. Gheorghe MORARU Universitatea Tehnic ă a Moldovei – Chi şin ău, Moldova PhD.Eng. Raj SINGHAL Int. Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment - Canada Prof. PhD. Eng. I şik YILMAZ Cumhuriyet University – Istambul, Turcia Prof. PhD. Eng. Ingo VALMA Tallin University of Technology - Estonia EDITORIAL BOARD Editor-in-chief: Prof. PhD. Eng. Ilie ONICA University of Petro şani Associate Prof. PhD. Eng. Victor ARAD University of Petro şani editors: Assoc. Prof. PhD. Eng. Camelia B ĂDULESCU University of Petro şani Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Paleoenvironmental, Paleoecological and Thermal Metamorphism Implications on the Organic Petrography and Organic Geochemistry
    Paleoenvironmental, paleoecological and thermal metamorphism implications on the organic petrography and organic geochemistry of Tertiary Tanjung Enim coal, South Sumatra Basin, Indonesia Von der Fakultät für Georessourcen und Materialtechnik der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften genehmigte Dissertation vorgelegt von M. Tech. Donatus Hendra Amijaya aus Yogyakarta Berichter: Univ.-Prof. Dr.rer.nat. Ralf Littke Univ.-Prof. (em) Dr.rer.nat. Detlev Leythaeuser Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 23. September 2005 Diese Dissertation ist auf den Internetseiten der Hochschulbibliothek online verfügbar. untuk Indonesia… Acknowledgement The scholarship to pursue the PhD degree at Aachen University and the German language course at Goethe Institute, Mannheim was granted by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) to which first of all a grateful acknowledgement is made. I would like to express tremendous gratitude to Prof. Dr. Ralf Littke, Head of the Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal (LEK), Aachen University, for his interest in the research topic and his supervision during my work at LEK. His understanding and patience as he was confronted with my “way of work” deserves great respect. I also extend sincere regards to Prof. Dr. Detlev Leythaeuser for his willingness to be the co-supervisor and his advice for the final version of my dissertation. I equally thank PD Dr. Jan Schwarzbauer, Head of the Organic Geochemistry Laboratory at LEK, and Dr. Bernd Krooss, Head of the Petrophysics Laboratory at LEK, who granted me unlimited access to the laboratory facilities. They introduced various aspects of organic geochemistry to me, a very exciting subject that never got my attention before.
    [Show full text]
  • IME-2019 Final Newsletter September Edition
    Issue : September 2019 Focus Country: U.S.A. ANIL KUMAR JHA President, MGMI & CMD, Coal India Ltd. MESSAGE It gives me immense pleasure that the biennial "8th International Mining, Equipment, Minerals and Metals Exhibition (IME 2019), concurrent with 8th Asian Mining Congress is being organised during November 6-9, 2019 at Kolkata. The Mining Sector of India is a significant contributor to the GDP growth of the Country. It is one of the core drivers of a nation's economy, as a part of almost all supply chains. The Mining Sector also provides employment opportunities to a significant section of the society. I hope that the deliberations in the Congress "Green Mining: The Way Forward" will address most of the issues and provide us with much needed pragmatic roadmap for the growth of mining and mineral based industry in the country. I am sure, the event will provide excellent platform for foreign organisations and their Indian counterparts, to exchange ideas, collaborate and technologically develop the Mining Sector. As President, MGMI, I invite the mining and allied industries to be part of this prestigious event by showcasing their operating machinery, products & serives, innovations, technologies, new initiatives etc. to the global audience. I wish the event all success it deserves. (Anil Kumar Jha) ?8th in the Series - IME 2019 is a leading institutionalized biennial international exhibition of the Mining, Minerals, Metals and Machinery industries in India ?3 Days High Level 8th Asian Mining Congress with Speakers and Delegates from over 20 Countries, who will visit and interact with Exhibitors ?Concurrent “Buyer Seller Meet” during the Exhibition having presentations from Major Industry Players from the Industry ?An Ideal Platform for display and launches of new initiatives, machinery products and technologies, establishing joint ventures, developing and renewing international and regional contacts ?High Level Trade Delegations and Country Level Group Participation expected from Australia, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, Russia, U.K.
    [Show full text]