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Inside: Mccarthyism 50 Years Later, Page 21 Around the Country, Page 30 from the Archives, Page 36 Calendar american academy of arts & sciences spring 2004 Bulletin vol. lvii, no. 3 Stated Meeting Report, Page 2 Beethoven and His Royal Disciple Lewis Lockwood Stated Meeting Report, Page 8 What’s the Point of Democracy? Amartya Sen Stated Meeting Report, Page 12 Are There Limits To Our Cosmic Arrogance? Michael S. Turner Stated Meeting Report, Page 16 In Memory of Robert K. Merton Robert C. Merton and Robert M. Solow inside: McCarthyism 50 Years Later, Page 21 Around the Country, Page 30 From the Archives, Page 36 Calendar Saturday, October 9, 2004 National Induction Ceremony and 1882nd Stated Meeting–Cambridge Location: Sanders Theatre, Harvard Contents University Time: 4:00 p.m. Academy News Saturday, Joint Meeting with the October 30, 2004 Cambridge Public Library 1 1883rd Stated Meeting, Western Center– Seattle Stated Meeting Reports Location: Seattle Art Museum Lewis Lockwood 2 Wednesday, Amartya Sen 8 November 10, 2004 Michael S. Turner 12 1884th Stated Meeting–Cambridge “Name Worshippers: Religion, Russian and French Robert C. Merton and Mathematics, 1900–1930” Robert M. Solow 16 Speakers: Loren Graham, mit, and Jean- Michel Kantor, University of Paris McCarthyism 50 Years Later Location: House of the Academy Nathan Glazer, Anthony Lewis, and Sam Tanenhaus 21 Saturday, November 13, 2004 Project Update 28 1885th Stated Meeting, Midwest Center– St. Louis Around the Country 30 Speaker: Peter Raven, Missouri Botanical Garden Forthcoming Academy Location: Missouri Botanical Garden Publications 32 Wednesday, Noteworthy 34 December 15, 2004 1886th Stated Meeting–Cambridge From the Archives 36 “A Bach Cult” Speaker: Christoph Wolff, Harvard University Location: House of the Academy For information and reservations, contact the Events Of½ce (phone: 617-576-5032; email: [email protected]). Academy News Academy Sponsors Joint Meeting with the Cambridge Public Library Ambassador Peter Galbraith Speaks on Iraq Addressing an audience at the House of the Academy on March 31, the day an Iraqi mob murdered and mutilated four Excerpt from the Inaugural John Kenneth Galbraith Honor Lec- ture, given by Ambassador Peter Galbraith at the House of the American civilian contractors, Peter W. Galbraith asserted Academy on March 31, 2004 that Iraq is “not salvageable as a unitary state.” The former Ambassador to Croatia, known for his work in brokering peace In my view, Iraq is not salvage- and the Shi’ite Arabs–would have in the Balkans during the 1990s, described a loose federation able as a unitary state. From my their own republics which would of self-governing republics as the only feasible solution to the experience in the Balkans, I feel be self-governing, ½nancially self- increasingly contentious situation in Iraq. In contrast with the strongly that it is impossible to sustaining, and with their own ter- Bush administration’s vision of a pluralistic, Western-style preserve the unity of a democratic ritorial military and police forces. state where people in a geograph- The central government’s role democracy uniting Kurds, Shiites, and Sunnis, Galbraith’s ically de½ned region almost unan- would be limited to foreign affairs, plan would result in three distinct states founded on the dif- imously do not want to be part of monetary policy, and some coor- fering aspirations of Iraq’s major groups. that state. And I have never met dination of defense policy. I would an Iraqi Kurd who preferred mem- only add to this Yugoslav model Entitled “How to Get Out of Iraq: bership in Iraq if independence that there should be some sharing What Went Wrong and What it were a realistic option. of revenue, as an impoverished Sunni region is in neither the in- Means,” Galbraith’s talk inaugu- The best hope for holding Iraq terest of the other two regions rated the John Kenneth Galbraith together–and thereby avoiding nor of the international commu- civil war–is to let each of its ma- Honor Lectures, a series the Cam- nity.... bridge Public Library sponsored jor constituent communities have in collaboration with the Academy as much of what they want as pos- A loose federation will allow the to celebrate the contributions of sible. This too provides the only United States and its allies to dis- path that can get American forces engage from most of Iraq. The community residents to the wider out of Iraq.... outcome will not be optimal. The world. Janet Axelrod, Chairperson country will remain whole more The Iraq interim constitution de- of the Library’s Board of Trustees, in name than in reality. Western- ½nes the country as a federal state thanked the Academy for hosting style human rights are likely to but centralizes power in ways that the event, pointing out that the take root only in the Kurdish north cannot be implemented. Les Gelb, collaboration “reflects the shared (and there only partially). The le- the former president of the Coun- mission [of the Academy and the gal status of women is likely to be Peter W. Galbraith cil on Foreign Relations, wrote a set back in the south, even as com- Library] to promote knowledge piece in The New York Times last Out of Vietnam.” He asserted his pared to the Saddam Hussein re- and to stimulate discourse.” December proposing a three-state gime. But the alternative is an in- belief that the American experi- solution for Iraq, modeled on the John Kenneth Galbraith, longtime de½nite U.S. occupation of Iraq ence in Iraq, like that in Vietnam, constitution of the former Yugo- Academy Fellow, whom Academy in which we have fewer and fewer “may de½ne the United States’ slavia. Applying a Yugoslavia mod- allies. It is an occupation that we Vice President Louis Cabot intro- role in the world for much longer el (my understanding of how it cannot afford and that prevents duced as a distinguished econo- than the actual involvement in the would apply in Iraq, not Gelb’s), us from addressing more serious mist, proli½c author, advisor to country.” Unlike his father in the each of Iraq’s constituent peo- threats to our national security.... several presidents, recipient of Vietnam era, however, he did not ples–the Kurds, the Sunni Arabs, numerous honorary degrees, and oppose American intervention in “the tallest man in Cambridge,” the current war. ing Saddam’s genocide of the Kurd- war, Galbraith landed in Baghdad attended the event with his wife ish people in the 1980s, Galbraith in April 2003 just four days after Catherine. An international schol- Ranking Saddam’s reign with Pol had been among the ½rst to docu- the U.S. military took the city. “Al- ar and statesman, and a beloved Pot’s in Cambodia as “the two ment Saddam’s use of chemical ready,” he said, “it was apparent member of the Harvard and Cam- most cruel and inhumane regimes warfare against his own people. to me that things were going cata- bridge community, Galbraith re- in the second half of the twentieth strophically wrong.” Galbraith ceived a warm ovation from the century,” Galbraith told the Acad- It is not the Bush administration’s personally witnessed the looting audience. emy audience that “in a more law- decision to bring down Saddam of public buildings in the ensu- ful world, the international com- that Galbraith criticizes, but “the In the title of his speech, Ambassa- ing two months. He spoke with munity would have acted and horri½c mistakes” of the immedi- dor Galbraith intentionally paid marines stationed near the Iraqi should have acted to remove this ate postwar period. As part of the homage to his father’s tract of regime long before 2003.” An eye- abc news team reporting on the Continued on page 29 forty years ago called “How to Get witness to the devastation follow- Bulletin of the American Academy Spring 2004 1 Reformation has yet to be superseded. He con- tinued with a series of important articles on major ½gures such as Josquin, Willaert, and Palestrina, and on topics such as musica ½cta– traditions of performance in which musicians added sharps and flats that the composers had not written into the music–and imitation technique–the reworking by one composer of a composition by another composer. What seems less predictable in his career was the decision to undertake archival research on the Este court. His book Music in Renaissance Ferrara 1400–1505: The Creation of a Musical Center in the Fifteenth Century won the Kinkeldey Award for the best book in musicology. He also re- ceived an honorary degree from the University of Ferrara–surely a signal recognition for an American scholar. Lewis’s other ½eld, the study of Beethoven, has been a lifelong passion, and not just because they share the same birthday! Lewis enter- tained himself on the long subway ride from the Bronx to the High School of Music and Art by memorizing Beethoven opus numbers. Starting in 1970, he published a series of arti- cles about Beethoven’s compositional process that helped de½ne what has now become a standard sub½eld of musicology–working with autographs, sketches, and drafts to un- derstand the stages through which a piece of music passes. His ½rst major article about Bee- thoven, devoted to the autograph of Opus 69– the A-major cello sonata–won the Einstein Award of the American Musicological Society Archduke Rudolph photograph courtesy of the Historisches Museum der Stadt Wien. for the best article by a scholar in the early stages of his career. Beethoven and His Royal Disciple In the late 1980s, Lewis used his term as presi- dent of the American Musicological Society as Lewis Lockwood a bully pulpit to argue for the importance of Introduction by Jessie Ann Owens writing not just for other musicologists but more broadly for colleagues in other disciplines This presentation was given at the 1877th Stated Meeting, held in Cambridge on December 3, and indeed for the larger audience of music- 2003.
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