Introduction to Theology
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Nestorianism 1 Nestorianism
Nestorianism 1 Nestorianism For the church sometimes known as the Nestorian Church, see Church of the East. "Nestorian" redirects here. For other uses, see Nestorian (disambiguation). Nestorianism is a Christological doctrine advanced by Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople from 428–431. The doctrine, which was informed by Nestorius' studies under Theodore of Mopsuestia at the School of Antioch, emphasizes the disunion between the human and divine natures of Jesus. Nestorius' teachings brought him into conflict with some other prominent church leaders, most notably Cyril of Alexandria, who criticized especially his rejection of the title Theotokos ("Bringer forth of God") for the Virgin Mary. Nestorius and his teachings were eventually condemned as heretical at the First Council of Ephesus in 431 and the Council of Chalcedon in 451, leading to the Nestorian Schism in which churches supporting Nestorius broke with the rest of the Christian Church. Afterward many of Nestorius' supporters relocated to Sassanid Persia, where they affiliated with the local Christian community, known as the Church of the East. Over the next decades the Church of the East became increasingly Nestorian in doctrine, leading it to be known alternately as the Nestorian Church. Nestorianism is a form of dyophysitism, and can be seen as the antithesis to monophysitism, which emerged in reaction to Nestorianism. Where Nestorianism holds that Christ had two loosely-united natures, divine and human, monophysitism holds that he had but a single nature, his human nature being absorbed into his divinity. A brief definition of Nestorian Christology can be given as: "Jesus Christ, who is not identical with the Son but personally united with the Son, who lives in him, is one hypostasis and one nature: human."[1] Both Nestorianism and monophysitism were condemned as heretical at the Council of Chalcedon. -
Visual Theologies in Graham Greene's 'Dark and Magical Heart
Visual Theologies in Graham Greene’s ‘Dark and Magical Heart of Faith’ by Dorcas Wangui MA (Lancaster) BA (Lancaster) Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2017 Wangui 1 Abstract Visual Theologies in Graham Greene’s ‘Dark and Magical Heart of Faith’ This study explores the ways in which Catholic images, statues, and icons haunt the fictional, spiritual wasteland of Greene’s writing, nicknamed ‘Greeneland’. It is also prompted by a real space, discovered by Greene during his 1938 trip to Mexico, which was subsequently fictionalised in The Power and the Glory (1940), and which he described as ‘a short cut to the dark and magical heart of faith’. This is a space in which modern notions of disenchantment meets a primal need for magic – or the miraculous – and where the presentation of concepts like ‘salvation’ are defamiliarised as savage processes that test humanity. This brutal nature of faith is reflected in the pagan aesthetics of Greeneland which focus on the macabre and heretical images of Christianity and how for Greene, these images magically transform the darkness of doubt into desperate redemption. As an amateur spy, playwright and screen writer Greene’s visual imagination was a strength to his work and this study will focus on how the visuality of Greene’s faith remains in dialogue with debates concerning the ‘liquidation of religion’ in society, as presented by Graham Ward. The thesis places Greene’s work in dialogue with other Catholic novelists and filmmakers, particularly in relation to their own visual-religious aesthetics, such as Martin Scorsese and David Lodge. -
The Origin of the Terms 'Syria(N)'
Parole de l’Orient 36 (2011) 111-125 THE ORIGIN OF THE TERMS ‘SYRIA(N)’ & SŪRYOYO ONCE AGAIN BY Johny MESSO Since the nineteenth century, a number of scholars have put forward various theories about the etymology of the basically Greek term ‘Syrian’ and its Aramaic counterpart Sūryoyo1. For a proper understanding of the his- tory of these illustrious names in the two different languages, it will prove useful to analyze their backgrounds separately from one another. First, I will discuss the most persuasive theory as regards the origin of the word ‘Syria(n)’. Secondly, two hypotheses on the Aramaic term Sūryoyo will be examined. In the final part of this paper, a new contextual backdrop and sharply demarcated period will be proposed that helps us to understand the introduction of this name into the Aramaic language. 1. THE ETYMOLOGY OF THE GREEK TERM FOR ‘SYRIA(N)’ Due to their resemblance, the ancient Greeks had always felt that ‘Syr- ia(n)’ and ‘Assyria(n)’ were somehow onomastically related to each other2. Nöldeke was the first modern scholar who, in 1871, seriously formulated the theory that in Greek ‘Syria(n)’ is a truncated form of ‘Assyria(n)’3. Even if his view has a few minor difficulties4, most writers still adhere to it. 1) Cf., e.g., the review (albeit brief and inexhaustive) by A. SAUMA, “The origin of the Word Suryoyo-Syrian”, in The Harp 6:3 (1993), pp. 171-197; R.P. HELM, ‘Greeks’ in the Neo-Assyrian Levant and ‘Assyria’ in Early Greek Writers (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation; University of Pennsylvania, 1980), especially chapters 1-2. -
D. H. Lawrence and the Harlem Renaissance
‘You are white – yet a part of me’: D. H. Lawrence and the Harlem Renaissance A thesis submitted to The University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2019 Laura E. Ryan School of Arts, Languages and Cultures 2 Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................... 3 Declaration ................................................................................................................. 4 Copyright statement ................................................................................................... 5 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................... 6 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 7 Chapter 1: ‘[G]roping for a way out’: Claude McKay ................................................ 55 Chapter 2: Chaos in Short Fiction: Langston Hughes ............................................ 116 Chapter 3: The Broken Circle: Jean Toomer .......................................................... 171 Chapter 4: ‘Becoming [the superwoman] you are’: Zora Neale Hurston................. 223 Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 267 Bibliography ........................................................................................................... 271 Word Count: 79940 3 -
Denying the Gods: the Religious Roots of Atheism RE230C-002
Denying the Gods: The Religious Roots of Atheism RE230C-002 Instructor: W. Ezekiel Goggin Office: Ladd 210 Email: [email protected] Class Meetings: W/F 8:40-10:00 (Tisch 301) Office hours: WF 10:15-11:45am Course Description A historical and systematic investigation of the religious sources of ancient, modern, and contemporary atheisms. “New Atheists” such as Sam Harris, Richard Dawkins, and the late Christopher Hitchens are often invoked in contemporary discourse as intellectually authoritative voices for atheism. For these “New Atheists,” the difference between religion and unbelief is straightforward: rationality is superior to superstition, freedom should be valued over submission, critical inquiry should replace blind faith. However, the historical relationship of atheism to religion and religious belief is considerably more complex than such neat, binary oppositions allow. Far from being a contemporary phenomenon, atheism has religious roots as deep and ancient as the theism which it purports to reject. While “New Atheism” tends to be dismissive of religion and religious beliefs, many ancient and modern atheisms emerged from a willingness to take religion seriously on its own terms. Through comparative analysis of the appearance of atheism and antireligious thought within, between, and adjacent to several religious traditions (e.g., Ancient Greek religion Christian Mysticism, Hinduism, and Judaism), this course will contextualize and evaluate a range of atheistic positions. By the end of the course, we will see, it is perhaps better to speak about “atheisms” than “atheism.” Objectives In pursuit of these themes, students will achieve five major objectives: 1.) Think critically about atheisms within the hermeneutic frameworks of religious studies 2.) Gain familiarity with key theoretical and historical questions and figures in the history of atheism 3.) Develop an appreciation of the complex historical relationship between religions and the atheisms to which they give rise. -
Concordia Seminary Library, St. Louis Page 1 New Book List As of 4/19/2011 B-BJ [PHILOSOPHY, PSYCHOLOGY, ETHICS]
Concordia Seminary Library, St. Louis Page 1 New Book List as of 4/19/2011 B-BJ [PHILOSOPHY, PSYCHOLOGY, ETHICS] Panigrahy, P. K. The theory of zero-existence : Mãyã, the power divine. New Delhi : Sarup & Sons, 2002. (cosl B132.M3 P35 2002) The Cambridge companion to Philo. Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2009. (cosl B689.Z7 C36 2009) Heyder, Regina, 1966-. Auctoritas scripturae : Schriftauslegung und Theologieverständnis Peter Abaelards unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der "Expositio in Hexaemeron". Münster : Aschendorff, c2010. (cosl B720 .B4 n.F. v.74) Manegold, von Lautenbach, ca. 1030-ca. 1112. Liber contra Wolfelmum. Paris ; Dudley, Mass. : Peeters, 2002. (cosl B734 .M3513 2002) Scepticism from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment. Wiesbaden : In Kommission bei O. Harrassowitz, 1987. (cosl B779 .S3 1987) Erasmus of Rotterdam Society yearbook. Oxon Hill, Md. : The Society, c1981- (cosl B785.E64 A13) Die deutschen Humanisten : Dokumente zur Überlieferung der antiken und mittelalterlichen Literatur in der frühen Neuzeit. Turnhout : Brepols, 2005- (cosl B821 .D493) Humanismus und Reformation : Martin Luther und Erasmus von Rotterdam in den Konflikten ihrer Zeit. Munchen : Verlag Schnell & Steiner, 1985. (cosl B821 .H87 1985) McDowell, John Henry. Perception as a capacity for knowledge. Milwaukee, Wis. : Marquette University Press, 2011. (cosl B828.45 .M43 2011) Scruton, Roger. The uses of pessimism and the danger of false hope. Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 2010. (cosl B1649.S2473 U83 2010) Heidegger, Martin, 1889-1976. Seminare Hegel-Schelling. Frankfurt am Main : Vittorio Klostermann, c2011. (cosl B3279 .H45 1976 v.86) Why Kierkegaard matters : a festschrift in honor of Robert L. Perkins. Macon, Ga. : Mercer University Press, 2010. -
Religion in Language Policy, and the Survival of Syriac
California State University, San Bernardino CSUSB ScholarWorks Theses Digitization Project John M. Pfau Library 2008 Religion in language policy, and the survival of Syriac Ibrahim George Aboud Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project Part of the Near Eastern Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Aboud, Ibrahim George, "Religion in language policy, and the survival of Syriac" (2008). Theses Digitization Project. 3426. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3426 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the John M. Pfau Library at CSUSB ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses Digitization Project by an authorized administrator of CSUSB ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RELIGION IN LANGUAGE POLICY, AND THE SURVIVAL OF SYRIAC A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, San Bernardino In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in English Composition: Teaching English as a Second Language by Ibrahim George Aboud March 2008 RELIGION IN LANGUAGE POLICY, AND THE SURVIVAL OF SYRIAC A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, San Bernardino by Ibrahim George Aboud March 2008 Approved by: 3/llW Salaam Yousif, Date Ronq Chen ABSTRACT Religious systems exert tremendous influence on shaping language policy, both in the ancient and the modern states of the Fertile Crescent. For two millennia the Syriac language was a symbol of identity among its Christian communities. Religious disputes in the Byzantine era produced not only doctrinal rivalries but also linguistic differences. Throughout the Islamic era, the Syriac language remained the language of the majority despite.Arabic hegemony. -
How Persian Was Persian Christianity? Christopher Buck
The Universality of the Church of the East: How Persian was Persian Christianity? Christopher Buck Persian Christianity was perhaps the first great non-Roman form of Christianity. The “Church of the East” was ecclesiastically “Persian” in that it was, with minor exceptions, the officially recognized Church of the Sasanian empire. The Church was politically “Persian” due to the role of Sasanian kings in the eleven Synods from 410 to 775 C.E. The Church was geographically “Persian” in that it was coextensive with, but not limited to the orbit of the Sasanian empire. The Church of the East was only secondarily “Persian” in terms of ethnicity. Yet the presence of eth- nic Persians vividly illustrates why the Church of the East became the world’s most successful missionary church until modern times. Although the majority of Christians in the church are assumed to have been ethnic Syrians, the Church of the East was once a universal, multi-ethnic religion. As a witness to the universality of the Church of the East in its heyday, it is probably the case that ethnic Persians formed the most visible and important ethnic minority of Christianity in Persia. This study will argue that the role of Iranian converts may have been far more significant than has so far been realized. Discoveries of Nestorian texts in Iranian languages (Middle Persian, Sogdian, New Persian) have proven conclusively that Syriac was not the exclusive language of liturgy and instruction in the Persian Church. In fact, part and parcel of the ex- traordinary missionary success of the Church of the East derived from its genius for adapting Christian worship to local vernaculars. -
Resolving Anger Toward God : Lament As an Avenue Toward Attachment Kimberly N
Digital Commons @ George Fox University Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Psychology 1-1-2010 Resolving anger toward God : lament as an avenue toward attachment Kimberly N. Snow George Fox University This research is a product of the Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) program at George Fox University. Find out more about the program. Recommended Citation Snow, Kimberly N., "Resolving anger toward God : lament as an avenue toward attachment " (2010). Doctor of Psychology (PsyD). Paper 96. http://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/psyd/96 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Psychology at Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. Resolving Anger Toward God: Lament as an Avenue Toward Attachment by Kimberly N. Snow Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate Department of Clinical Psychology George Fox University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Psychology in Clinical Psychology Newberg, Oregon May 2010 Resolving Anger toward God 2 Resolving Anger toward God: Lament as an A venue toward Attachment by Kimberly N. Snow has been approved at the Graduate School of Clinical Psychology George Fox University As a Dissertation for the Psy.D. degree Approval -- Mark McMinn, PhD, Chair Date:,_S--=.I_''L_{2l>_'0__ Rodger Bufford, P Resolving Anger toward God iii Resolving Anger Toward God: Lament as an Avenue Toward Attachment Kimberly N. Snow Graduate Department of Clinical Psychology at George Fox University Newberg, Oregon Abstract Preliminary investigations have found anger toward God to be positively related to various psychological problems, as well as physical, spiritual and religious problems (Exline & Martin, 2005). -
07 Zarzeczny.Indd
Volumen 80 Fasciculus I 2014 ORIENTALIA CHRISTIANA PERIODICA COMMENTARII DE RE ORIENTALI AETATIS CHRISTIANAE SACRA ET PROFANA EDITI CURA ET OPERE PONTIFICII INSTITUTI ORIENTALIUM STUDIORUM EXTRACTA PONTIFICIUM INSTITUTUM ORIENTALIUM STUDIORUM PIAZZA S. MARIA MAGGIORE, 7 ROMA Nr. 1 / 2014 Poste Italiane s.p.a. Spedizione in abbonamento postale. D.L. 353/2003 (conv. in L. 27/02/2004 n˚ 46) art. 1, comma 2, DCB Roma. Semestrale. Taxe perçue. ORIENTALIA CHRISTIANA PERIODICA Piazza S. Maria Maggiore 7 — 00185 Roma www.orientaliachristiana.it tel. 0644741-7104; fax 06446-5576 ISSN 0030-5375 This periodical began publication in 1935. Two fascicles are issued each year, which contain articles, shorter notes and book reviews about the Christian East, that is, whatever concerns the theology, history, patro- logy, liturgy, archaeology and canon law of the Christian East, or whatever is closely connected therewith. The annual contribution is € 46,00 in Italy, and € 58,00 or USD 76,00 outside Italy. The entire series is still in print and can be supplied on demand. Subscription should be paid by a check to Edizioni Orientalia Christia- na or a deposit to ccp. 34269001. International Bank Account Number (IBAN): Country Check Digit CIN Cod. ABI CAB Account Number IT 54 C 07601 03200 000034269001 BIC- Code BPPIITRRXXX Edited by Philippe Luisier (Editor) – Rafaá Zarzeczny (Book Reviews) e-mail: [email protected]; Jarosáaw Dziewicki (Managing Editor) e-mail: [email protected], with the Professors of the Pontifical Oriental Institute. All materials for publication (articles, notes, books for review) should be addressed to the Editor. SUMMARIUM ARTICULI Mar Awa Royel, The Pearl of Great Price: The Anaphora of the Apos- tles Mar Addai & Mar Mari as an Ecclesial and Cultural Identifier of the Assyrian Church of the East ........................ -
East Syriac Theological Instruction and Anti-Chalcedonian Identity in Nisibis in Late Antiquity
vol.11 issue 3 December 2019 Lost for Words: Chalcedonian Christology Revisited Im Nebel der Worte: die Christologie von Chalcedon Lost for Words: Chalcedonian Christology Revisited Christology Chalcedonian Words: for Lost Review of Ecumenical Studies • Sibiu vol. 11 • issue 3 • December 2019 Lost for Words: Chalcedonian Christology Revisited Im Nebel der Worte: die Christologie von Chalcedon guest editors Sebastian Mateiescu, Florin George Călian The Institute for Ecumenical Research, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu Institut für Ökumenische Forschung, Lucian Blaga Universität Hermannstadt RES • Review of Ecumenical Studies • Sibiu Academic Board / Wissenschaftlicher Beirat HE Laurenţiu Streza, Metropolitan of Transylvania/Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu Bischof Reinhart Guib, Evangelische Kirche A.B. in Rumänien Luigino Bruni, LUMSA University, Rome Nicolas Cernokrak, Saint-Serge Institute of Orthodox Theology, Paris Piero Coda, Sophia University Institute, Loppiano/Florence Walter Dietrich, Universität Bern Basilius Groen, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Ioan Ică jr, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu Pantelis Kalaitzidis, Volos Academy for Theological Studies, Volos, Greece Bischof em. Christoph Klein, Evangelische Kirche A.B. in Rumänien/ Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu Paul Niedermaier, Romanian Academy Hermann Pitters, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu Mary Anne Plaatjies Van Huffel, Stellenbosch University, South Africa Sr Éliane Poirot ocd, Monastère de Saint-Rémy / Schitul Stânceni Erich Renhart, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz -
The School of Nisibis at the Transition of the Sixth-Seventh Century
'EDESSA GREW DIM AND NISIBIS SHONE FORTH': THE SCHOOL OF NISIBIS AT THE TRANSITION OF THE SIXTH-SEVENTH CENTURY G J. REININK 'Edessa grew dim and Nisibis shone forth'. In this metaphor, a teacher or alumnus of the School of Nisibis1 at the end of the sixth century expressed the opinion of his community that this famous in stitution in the Persian Empire had taken over the torch of the true and orthodox teaching of the School of Edessa, after the Byzantine Empire had fallen into theological error in the fifth century.2 At the time these words were spoken, the School of Nisibis had attained the pinnacle of its fame and success as the 'centre of learning' par excel lence of the East Syrian, Persian church. Many teachers active in theological, philosophical and secular disciplines were connected with it,3 and the flow of students from the most varied locations within and beyond the Sassanid Empire had never been so great.4 1 The most comprehensive study of the School of Nisibis is the History of the School of Nisibis by A. Vööbus, CSCO 266, Subs. 26 (Louvain 1965). For the older works, see Vööbus' bibliography, and, in addition, J.-M. Fiey, Nisibe, métropole syriaque orientale et ses suffragants des origines à nos jours, CSCO 388, Subs. 54 (Louvain 1977) 16, n.3. 2 Barhadbesabba, Cause de la fondation des écoles, éd. A. Scher, PO IV/4, 386, //.9-10/11-13 (see further below, notes 13, 15, 16). For the 'School of the Persians' in Edessa, see E.R.