DOCSLIB.ORG

5.1-Events Toward the Beginning of Theodosius' Reign (378-381)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
5.1-Events Toward the Beginning of Theodosius' Reign (378-381) 5.1-Events Toward the Beginning of Theodosius’ Reign (378-381) Copyright 2018 Glen L. Thompson This document is provided for personal and educational use. It may not be used for commercial purposes without the permission of the copyright holder. Last updated 5/17/18 Socrates Sozomen Theodoret Introduction to book V 5.0.1 Before we begin the fifth book of our history, we must beg those who may read this treatise not to criticize us too hastily. For, after setting out to write a church history, we still intermingle in it ecclesiastical matters, such as an account of the wars which took place during the period under consideration, as could be duly authenticated. 5.0.2 For this we have done for several reasons: first, in order to lay before our readers an exact statement of facts; second, in order that the minds of the readers might not become satiated with the repetition of the contentious disputes of bishops and their insidious designs against one another. 5.0.3 But more especially that it might be made apparent that whenever the affairs of the state were disturbed, those of the Church, as if by some vital union, became disordered also. 5.0.4 Indeed, whoever shall attentively examine the subject will find that the mischiefs of the state and the troubles of the church have been inseparably connected. For he will perceive that they have either arisen together or immediately succeeded one another. Sometimes the affairs of the Church come first in order; then commotions in the state follow, and sometimes the reverse. 5.0.5 Thus, I cannot believe this invariable interchange is merely fortuitous, but I am persuaded that it proceeds from our iniquities and that these evils are inflicted upon us as merited chastisements, if indeed as the apostle truly says, ‘Some men’s sins are open beforehand, going before to judgment; and some men they follow after.’ 5.0.6 For this reason we have interwoven many affairs of the state with our ecclesiastical history. 706 Socrates Sozomen Theodoret 5.0.7 Of the wars carried on during the reign of Constantine we have made no mention, having found no account of them that could be depended upon because of their corruption. 5.0.8 But of subsequent events, as much information as we could gather from those still living in the order of their occurrence, we have passed in rapid review. 5.0.9 We have continually included the emperors in these historical details because, from the time they began to profess the Christian religion, the affairs of the Church have depended on them, so that even the greatest Synods have been, and still are, convened by their appointment. 5.0.10 Finally, we have particularly noticed the Arian heresy because it has so greatly disquieted the churches. Let these remarks be considered sufficient in the way of preface. We shall now proceed with our history. Late 378 - Citizens defend Constantinople from Goth’s attack 5.1.1 After the Emperor Valens had thus lost his life, in 7.1.1 Such was the fate of Valens. The barbarians, flushed a manner which has never been satisfactorily confirmed, with victory, overran Thrace and advanced to the gates of the barbarians again approached the very walls of Constantinople. Constantinople and laid waste the suburbs on every side of it. 5.1.2 When this happened the people became indignant ,armed themselves with whatever weapons they could lay hands on, and sallied forth of their own accord against the enemy. 5.1.3 The empress Dominica caused the same pay to be 7.1.2 It is reported that Dominica, wife of Valens, distributed out of the imperial treasury to such as furnished money out of the public treasury, and some of the volunteered to go out on this service, as was usually people, after hastily arming themselves, attacked the allowed to soldiers. barbarians and drove them from the city. 5.1.5 In this way the people fought at this time, and the barbarians retreated to a great distance from the city. 5.1.4 A few Saracens also assisted the citizens, for they 7.1.1b In this emergency a few of the allied Saracens sent were allies who had been sent by Mavia their queen: the by Mavia, together with many of the populace, were of latter we have already mentioned. great service. The Piety of Gratian 5.1.1 How the Lord God is long suffering towards those who rage against him and chastises those who abuse his patience is plainly taught by the acts and by 707 Socrates Sozomen Theodoret the fate of Valens. For the loving Lord uses mercy and justice like weights and scales. Whenever he sees any one by the greatness of his errors over-stepping the bounds of loving kindness by just punishment He hinders him from being carried to further extremes. Now Gratian, the son of Valentinian, and nephew of Valens, acquired the whole Roman Empire. 5.1.2 He had already assumed the scepter of Europe on the death of his father, in whose life-time he had shared the throne. On the death of Valens without issue he acquired in addition Asia and the portions of Libya. Gratian recalls orthodox bishops and expels heretics 5.2.1 Gratian, who was now in possession of the 7.1.3 Gratian, who at this period reigned conjointly with 5.2.1 The emperor at once gave plain indications of his empire, together with Valentinian the younger, his brother over the whole Roman Empire, disapproved of adherence to true religion and offered the first fruits of condemned the cruel policy of his uncle Valens towards the late persecution that had been carried on to check the his kingdom to the Lord of all by publishing an edict the [orthodox] Christians and recalled those whom he diversity in religious creeds. He recalled all those who had commanding the exiled shepherds to return and to be had sent into exile. He moreover enacted that people of been banished on account of their religion. He also enacted restored to their flocks. He also ordered the sacred all sects, without distinction, might securely assemble a law by which it was decreed that every individual should buildings to be delivered to congregations adopting together in their churches. He also commanded that only be freely permitted the exercise of his own religion and communion with Damasus. the Eunomians, Photinians, and Manichaeans should be should be allowed to hold assemblies, with the exception of excluded from the churches. the Manichaeans and the followers of Photinus and Eunomius. 5.2.2 This Damasus, the successor of Liberius in the see of Rome, was a man of most praiseworthy life and by his own choice alike in word and deed a champion of Apostolic doctrines. 5.2.3 To put his edict in force Gratian sent Sapor the general, a very famous character at that time, with orders to expel the preachers of the blasphemies of Arius like wild beasts from the sacred folds and to effect the restoration of the excellent shepherds to God’s flocks. In every instance this was effected without dispute, except in Antioch, the Eastern capital, where a quarrel was kindled which I shall proceed to describe. 379 - Theodosius I made emperor 5.2.2 Being also sensible of the languishing condition 7.2.1 On reflecting that, while it was indispensably 5.5.1 Now at this time Theodosius, because of both the of the Roman empire and of the growing power of the essential to stop the incursions of the barbarians of the Ister splendor of his ancestry and his own courage, was a man barbarians, and perceiving that the state was in need of a in Illyria and Thrace, his presence was equally necessary in of high repute. For this reason, being from time to time brave and prudent man, he took Theodosius as his Gaul to repel the inroads of the Alemanni, Gratian stricken by the envy of his rivals, he was living in Spain, 708 Socrates Sozomen Theodoret colleague in the sovereign power. Theodosius was associated Theodosius with himself at Sirmich in the where he had been born and brought up. The emperor, descended from a noble family in Spain and had acquired government of the empire. Theodosius belonged to an was at a loss what measures to take now that the so distinguished a celebrity for his prowess in the wars illustrious family of the Pyrenees in Iberia and had acquired barbarians, puffed up by their victory, both were and that he was universally considered worthy of imperial so much renown in war that before he was raised to the seemed well-nigh invincible. He formed the idea that a dignity, even before Gratian’s election of him. imperial power, he was universally considered capable of way out of his difficulties would be found in the 5.2.3 Having therefore proclaimed him emperor at guiding the reins of the empire. appointment of Theodosius to the supreme command. Sirmium a city of Illyricum in the consulate of Ausonius and Olybrius, on the 16th of January, he divided with him the care of managing the war against the barbarians. Victories over barbarians 5.6.2a About the same time the emperors Gratian and 7.4.1 As Gaul was about this period infested by the 5.5.2a He therefore lost no time in sending for him Theodosius each obtained a victory over the barbarians.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Roman-Barbarian Marriages in the Late Empire R.C
    ROMAN-BARBARIAN MARRIAGES IN THE LATE EMPIRE R.C. Blockley In 1964 Rosario Soraci published a study of conubia between Romans and Germans from the fourth to the sixth century A.D.1 Although the title of the work might suggest that its concern was to be with such marriages through- out the period, in fact its aim was much more restricted. Beginning with a law issued by Valentinian I in 370 or 373 to the magister equitum Theodosius (C.Th. 3.14.1), which banned on pain of death all marriages between Roman pro- vincials and barbarae or gentiles, Soraci, after assessing the context and intent of the law, proceeded to discuss its influence upon the practices of the Germanic kingdoms which succeeded the Roman Empire in the West. The text of the law reads: Nulli provineialium, cuiuscumque ordinis aut loci fuerit, cum bar- bara sit uxore coniugium, nec ulli gentilium provinciales femina copuletur. Quod si quae inter provinciales atque gentiles adfinitates ex huiusmodi nuptiis extiterit, quod in his suspectum vel noxium detegitur, capitaliter expietur. This was regarded by Soraci not as a general banning law but rather as a lim- ited attempt, in the context of current hostilities with the Alamanni, to keep those barbarians serving the Empire (gentiles)isolated from the general Roman 2 populace. The German lawmakers, however, exemplified by Alaric in his 63 64 interpretatio,3 took it as a general banning law and applied it in this spir- it, so that it became the basis for the prohibition under the Germanic king- doms of intermarriage between Romans and Germans.
    [Show full text]
  • Byzantine Missionaries, Foreign Rulers, and Christian Narratives (Ca
    Conversion and Empire: Byzantine Missionaries, Foreign Rulers, and Christian Narratives (ca. 300-900) by Alexander Borislavov Angelov A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in The University of Michigan 2011 Doctoral Committee: Professor John V.A. Fine, Jr., Chair Professor Emeritus H. Don Cameron Professor Paul Christopher Johnson Professor Raymond H. Van Dam Associate Professor Diane Owen Hughes © Alexander Borislavov Angelov 2011 To my mother Irina with all my love and gratitude ii Acknowledgements To put in words deepest feelings of gratitude to so many people and for so many things is to reflect on various encounters and influences. In a sense, it is to sketch out a singular narrative but of many personal “conversions.” So now, being here, I am looking back, and it all seems so clear and obvious. But, it is the historian in me that realizes best the numerous situations, emotions, and dilemmas that brought me where I am. I feel so profoundly thankful for a journey that even I, obsessed with planning, could not have fully anticipated. In a final analysis, as my dissertation grew so did I, but neither could have become better without the presence of the people or the institutions that I feel so fortunate to be able to acknowledge here. At the University of Michigan, I first thank my mentor John Fine for his tremendous academic support over the years, for his friendship always present when most needed, and for best illustrating to me how true knowledge does in fact produce better humanity.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT the Apostolic Tradition in the Ecclesiastical Histories Of
    ABSTRACT The Apostolic Tradition in the Ecclesiastical Histories of Socrates, Sozomen, and Theodoret Scott A. Rushing, Ph.D. Mentor: Daniel H. Williams, Ph.D. This dissertation analyzes the transposition of the apostolic tradition in the fifth-century ecclesiastical histories of Socrates, Sozomen, and Theodoret. In the early patristic era, the apostolic tradition was defined as the transmission of the apostles’ teachings through the forms of Scripture, the rule of faith, and episcopal succession. Early Christians, e.g., Irenaeus, Tertullian, and Origen, believed that these channels preserved the original apostolic doctrines, and that the Church had faithfully handed them to successive generations. The Greek historians located the quintessence of the apostolic tradition through these traditional channels. However, the content of the tradition became transposed as a result of three historical movements during the fourth century: (1) Constantine inaugurated an era of Christian emperors, (2) the Council of Nicaea promulgated a creed in 325 A.D., and (3) monasticism emerged as a counter-cultural movement. Due to the confluence of these sweeping historical developments, the historians assumed the Nicene creed, the monastics, and Christian emperors into their taxonomy of the apostolic tradition. For reasons that crystallize long after Nicaea, the historians concluded that pro-Nicene theology epitomized the apostolic message. They accepted the introduction of new vocabulary, e.g. homoousios, as the standard of orthodoxy. In addition, the historians commended the pro- Nicene monastics and emperors as orthodox exemplars responsible for defending the apostolic tradition against the attacks of heretical enemies. The second chapter of this dissertation surveys the development of the apostolic tradition.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded on 2017-02-12T09:44:40Z
    Title The Saracen defenders of Constantinople in 378 Author(s) Woods, David Publication date 1997-09 Original citation Woods, D. (1997) 'The Saracen Defenders of Constantinople in 378'. Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies, 37 (3):359-379. Type of publication Article (peer-reviewed) Link to publisher's http://grbs.library.duke.edu/ version Access to the full text of the published version may require a subscription. Rights © 1997, David Woods http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Item downloaded http://hdl.handle.net/10468/837 from Downloaded on 2017-02-12T09:44:40Z . GREEK~ ROMAN., AND~ BYZANTINE~ MONOGRAPHS GREEK~ROMAN~AND 1. GEOR.GE L. HUXLEY, Antbemilu of TraUes: a StHdy in LAter Greek Geometry. 1959. $4.00 BYZANTINE~ STUDIES 2. EMnsoN BucHANAN, Aristotk•s Theory of Being. 1962. $4.00 3. jACK L. BENSON, Ancient Leros. 1963. $4.00 4. WILLIAM M. CALDEk lll, The Inscription from Temple G at Selinut. 1963. Out of print . 5. MEilVIN R. DILTS, ed., Heraclidis Lembi Excerpta PolitiaTNm. 1971. $4.00 ' 6. Ealc G. TullNEP., The Papyrologist at Work. 1973. $4.00 . Volume 37 Fall1996 Number 3 7. RoGER. S. BAGNALL, The Floridtz Ostraka: Documents from the Roman Army in Upper Egypt. 1976. $8.00 8. GllAHAM SPEAitE, A Collation of the MatJMscripts of Sophocles' Oedipus Coloneus. 1978. $4.00 9. K£v!N K. CAJ.aoLL, The Parthenon Inscription. 1982. $5.00 10. Sa~dies Presented to Sterling Dow. 1984. $16.50 11. MICHAEL H.}AMESON, DAVID R.JollDAN,ANDROY D. KoTANSKY, A Lex Sacrafrom Selinous. 1993. $25.00 Also available: KEITH STANLEY, A Gener4tion of .A.ntiq.Ws: Tbe Dule1 Classical Collection 1904-1994: 1994.
    [Show full text]
  • Download a Pdf File of This Issue for Free
    Issue 85: The Council of Nicaea: Debating Jesus’ Divinity Debating Jesus' Divinity: Did You Know? Interresting and Unusual Facts about the Council of Nicaea Compiled by Steven Gertz, D. H. Williams, and John Anthony McGuckin All Aboard? The Council of Nicaea lives on in the imagination of the Church, both East and West. In this photograph taken in 1925, Russian Orthodox patriarchs prepare to board a train for St. David's, Wales, to celebrate Nicaea's 16th centenary. In Rome that same year, Pope Pius XI planned a party of his own in the Vatican basilica, declaring Nicaea a formative event for the Catholic understanding of the nature of Christ. Protestants too have honored Nicaea in their own way. Anglicans, among others, recite the Nicene Creed in church every Sunday, and many Protestants (perhaps unknowingly) celebrate Nicaea in their hymns. One of the most beloved is Reginald Heber's "Holy, Holy, Holy, Lord God Almighty," which ends with a rousing "God in Three Persons, blessed Trinity." Written for Trinity Sunday, the hymn was set to music by John B. Dykes, who named the tune "Nicaea." Wipe Out Those Arian Barbarians Theodosius the Great may have dealt a death blow to Arians in the Roman Empire at the Council of Constantinople (381), but the heresy got a new lease on life among the barbarian Goths. Particularly influential was Theodoric the Great (d. 526), a ruthless military tactician (he murdered his rival) who adopted Arianism as his religion and built numerous Arian churches in Raverina, Italy. When the Byzantine Emperor Justinian recovered Ravenna in 535, he resolved to erase any Arian influence from the city.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting Template
    RECLAIMING THE NON-NICENE PAST: THEOPHILUS THE INDIAN AND ULFILA THE GOTH AS MISSIONARY HEROES By ANNA LANKINA A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2011 1 © 2011 Anna Lankina 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The various and numerous people who make it possible for one human being to pursue research and writing in history all contribute special and unique gifts essential to the success of such an undertaking. For equipping me so well for the challenges of graduate school, I wish to gratefully acknowledge the faculty and community of Hillsdale College. Specifically, for revealing to me the wonder that is the world of Late Antiquity and for his perseverance through the supervision of my honor’s thesis, I would like to wholeheartedly thank Professor Harold A. Siegel. For her excellent Greek and Latin teaching abilities and for her delightful friendship, I would also like to thank Dr. Lorna Holmes. I am immensely thankful to all the members of my family, who, despite being scattered over multiple continents and many cities, have always eagerly desired my success and cheered me on. In particular, the support and encouragement of Marilee Harris, Olga Dimchevskaya, Rada Lankina, my father Vladimir Lankin, and my mother Natasha Lankina was and is indispensable. My husband Jasper has persistently sought out each and every way of helping me achieve my goals, down to the final draft; for that and many other things I am tremendously grateful. My indebtedness to the members of my graduate committee, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • NPNF2-03. Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, & Rufinus
    NPNF2-03. Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, & Rufinus: Historical Writings by Philip Schaff About NPNF2-03. Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, & Rufinus: Historical Writings by Philip Schaff Title: NPNF2-03. Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, & Rufinus: Historical Writings URL: http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf203.html Author(s): Schaff, Philip (1819-1893) Publisher: Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics Ethereal Library Print Basis: New York: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1892 Source: Logos Inc. Rights: Public Domain Status: This volume has been carefully proofread and corrected. CCEL Subjects: All; Proofed; Early Church; LC Call no: BR60 LC Subjects: Christianity Early Christian Literature. Fathers of the Church, etc. NPNF2-03. Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, & Rufinus: Philip Schaff Historical Writings Table of Contents About This Book. p. ii Title Page.. p. 1 Preface.. p. 2 The Ecclesiastical History, Dialogues, and Letters of Theodoret.. p. 3 Title Page.. p. 3 Translator©s Preface.. p. 3 Chronological Tables to accompany the History and Life of Theodoret.. p. 4 Prolegomena.. p. 9 Parentage, Birth, and Education.. p. 9 Episcopate at Cyrus.. p. 13 Relations with Nestorius and to Nestorianism.. p. 15 Under the Ban of Theodosius and of the Latrocinium.. p. 19 Theodoret and Chalcedon.. p. 22 Retirement after Chalcedon, and Death.. p. 24 The Condemnation of ªthe Three Chapters.º. p. 26 The Works of Theodoret.. p. 28 Contents and Character of the Extant Works.. p. 30 Manuscripts and Editions of Separate Works.. p. 41 The Anathemas of Cyril in Opposition to Nestorius.. p. 42 Counter-statements of Theodoret.. p. 43 The Ecclesiastical History of Theodoret.. p. 52 Book I. p. 52 Prologue.--Design of the History.
    [Show full text]
  • The Saracen Defenders of Constantinople in 378 Woods, David Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Fall 1996; 37, 3; Proquest Pg
    The Saracen defenders of Constantinople in 378 Woods, David Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Fall 1996; 37, 3; ProQuest pg. 259 The Saracen Defenders of Constantinople in 378 David Woods RITING ca 391, the historian Ammianus Marcellinus has left us a vivid description of the Roman defense of W Constantinople against the Goths shortly after their crushing defeat by these Goths at Adrianopolis on 9 August 378 (31. 16.4ff): Unde Constantinopolim, copiarum cumulis inhiantes amplis­ simis, formas quadratorum agmimum insidiarum metu ser­ vantes, ire ocius festinabant, multa in exitium urbis inclitae molituri. Quos inferentes sese immodice, obicesque portarum paene pulsantes, hoc casu caeleste reppulit numen. Saracen­ orum cuneus (super quorum origine moribusque diversis in locis rettulimus plura), ad furta magis expeditionalium re­ rum, quam ad concursatorias habilis pugnas, recens illuc accersitus, congressurus barbarorum globo repente con­ specto, a civitate fidenter e rup it, diuque extento certamine pertinaci, aequis partes discessere momentis. Sed orientalis turma novo neque ante viso superavit eventu. Ex ea enim crinitus quidam, nudus omnia praeter pubem, subraucum et lugubre strepens, educto pugione, agmini se medio Goth­ orum inseruit, et interfecti hostis iugulo labra admovit, effusumque cruorem exsuxit. Quo monstroso miraculo bar­ bari territi, postea non ferocientes ex more, cum agendum appeterent aliquid, sed ambiguis gressibus incedebant. 1 1 "From there [Perinthus] they [the Goths] hastened in rapid march to Con­ stantinople, greedy for its vast heaps of treasure, marching in square forma­ tions for fear of ambuscades, and intending to make mighty efforts to destroy the famous city. But while they were madly rushing on and almost knocking at the barriers of the gates, the celestial power checked them by the following event.
    [Show full text]
  • Constantine and Episcopal Banishment: Continuity and Change in the Settlement of Christian Disputes Eric Fournier
    Constantine and Episcopal Banishment: Continuity and Change in the Settlement of Christian Disputes Eric Fournier To cite this version: Eric Fournier. Constantine and Episcopal Banishment: Continuity and Change in the Settlement of Christian Disputes. Hillner, Julia; Enberg, Jakob; Ulrich, Jörg. Clerical Exile in Late Antiquity, Peter Lang, pp.47-65, 2016, Early Christianity in the Context of Antiquity, 17, 978-3-631-69427-5. hal-02572753 HAL Id: hal-02572753 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02572753 Submitted on 13 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Éric Fournier1 Constantine and Episcopal Banishment: Continuity and Change in the Settlement of Christian Disputes Abstract: Constantine’s use of clerical banishment followed precedents in respecting their immunity to physical coercion. It also deferred to bishops to adjudicate their own disputes, through councils, which lacked means to enforce their decisions. Exile was thus the optional civil enforcement of counciliar decisions and the harshest sentence Constantine was willing to use against bishops. Upon winning both of his civil wars against imperial rivals presented as ‘per- secutors’, Maxentius in 312 and Licinius in 324, one of Constantine’s first actions was to recall bishops exiled during their alleged persecutions.2 In this context, exile was understood as a persecutory measure against Christians.
    [Show full text]
  • The Persecution of Licinius
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies Legacy Theses 1999 The persecution of licinius Gearey, James Richard Gearey, J. R. (1999). The persecution of licinius (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/14363 http://hdl.handle.net/1880/25021 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY The Persecution of Licinius by James Richard Gearey A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF GREEK, LATIN AND ANCIENT HISTORY CALGARY, ALBERTA JUNE, 1999 Wames Richard Gearey 1999 National Library Biblioth&que nationale 1+1 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographic Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Sweet 395. me Wellington Ottawa ON K 1A ON4 OltewaON KIAW Canada Canada YarrNI VOV.~ Our im Mr. mIk.nc. The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive pennettant a la National Library of Canada to Bibliotheque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, preter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette these sous paper or electronic formats.
    [Show full text]
  • Honors Thesis
    ABSTRACT When the Crescent Met the Cross C. Carter Barnett Director: Abjar Bahkou, Ph.D. The Abbasid Empire supplanted the Umayyad Empire in 749 AD and within two- hundred years it had initiated a Golden Age of science, culture, and religious thought. This Golden Age was made possible by both the Muslim and Christian subjects of the empire. My thesis explores the dynamic relationship between Muslims and Christians since the beginning of the Arab conquests in the Levant to the end of the First Abbasid Period in 950 AD. The first chapter examines the defining encounters between Muslims and Christians prior to the Abbasid Empire. The second chapter describes how Christians and Muslims collaborated to initiate a translation movement in the Abbasid empire. The translation movement brought thought from the Greek and Persian empires to the Abbasid capital in Baghdad. The final chapter reviews the historical development of the First Abbasid period so that we might learn from past relations. Overall, this thesis describes the first encounters between Muslims and Christians in order to learn from the past. APPROVED BY DIRECTOR OF HONORS THESIS: __________________________________________________ Dr. Abjar Bahkou, Department of Modern Languages and Cultures APPROVED BY THE HONORS PROGRAM: _______________________________________________________ Dr. Elizabeth Corey, Director DATE: _____________________ WHEN THE CRESENT MET THE CROSS: MUSLIM-CHRISTIAN RELATIONS DURING THE FIRST ABBASID PERIOD A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Baylor University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Honors Program By C. Carter Barnett Waco, Texas May 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction………………………………………………………………………………. 1 Chapter 1 Defining the First Muslim-Christian Encounters…………………………..….
    [Show full text]
  • History of the First Council of Nice : a World's Christian Convention, AD
    NYPL RESEARCH LIBRARIES 3 3433 06819873 2 Yey y^/ ,//Uy C>, //!e/yKJ(TrAy'^^y/^^:::^ Ithe newyohk IpUBLIC M^R'T^' AND A8T0R, LENOX TILDEN POUNDAHOWS., CONSTANTINE THE GREAT HISTORY First Council of Nice WORLD'S CHRISTIAN CONVENTION, A. D. 325 :• WITH A LIFE OF CONSTANTINE, By dean DUDLEY. BOSTON: C. W. CALKINS & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS. 1880. THENEW YOS^ml PUBLIC LIBK-AR 158825 AfiTO'S L?f«OX AND TIlO£n F'jUNOaTIONS. Cnjjgrfgfjt, By DEAIT DUDLEY, a. 0. 1879. Wright & Potter Printing Company, Boston, Mass. INTRODUCTION. The words Council, Synod, and Convention are synonymous. There were many Comicils held in Christendom before that of Nice ; but they were not CEcumenical, that is, general or universal. At the first Councils the bishops probal)ly represented only their several churches, but they gradually assumed more extensive powers, and claimed to represent larger districts. In apostolic times the apostles chose the bishops ; afterwards the disciples of the apostles chose them, subject to the approval of the community. After this age the bishops of a province mot together and appointed new bishops, which choice had to be rati- fied by the people. At the Council of Nice a new plan was adopted, as will be seen in the canons. In this history of a single Council we shall obtain a glimpse of the condition of the Christian Church of that day, Constantine, the great emperor of Rome, being decidedly the most conspicuous figure in the picture. Therefore it seemed proper to add to this edition, his likeness, taken from a coin, and a sketch of his life.
    [Show full text]