Clean vehicles & Fuels in Stockholm

Jonas Ericson Clean Vehicles in Stockholm Clean Vehicles in Stockholm

”The improvement in city conditions by the general adoption of the motor car can hardly be overestimated.

Streets clean, dustless and odourless, with light rubber-tyred vehicles moving swiftly and noiselessly over their smooth expanse, would eliminate a great deal of the nervosity, irritation and stress in modern city-life”

Scientific American, May 1899

CLEAN VEHICLES IN STOCKHOLM ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH ADM www.miljobilar.stockholm.se

Clean Vehicles in Stockholm Procurements 1. Introduce the vehicles on the market – National Electric Vehicle – Renault Clio 150 cars – International Electric Vehicles – Citroën Berlingo 350 cars – National Ethanol car – Ford Focus 3,000 – National Ethanol Van – VW Caddy – National Electric Vehicle procurement – several models – 6,000 cars/vans

2.Buy your own vehicles – National Municipal Vehicle – 5,000 clean cars – National Municipal Vehicle – X,000 clean cars – Own Municipal Vehicle – 900 clean cars

CLEAN VEHICLES IN STOCKHOLM ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH ADM www.miljobilar.stockholm.se Clean Vehicles in Stockholm Procurements 3. Make others buy – Taxi for municipal officers/politicians – Passenger transport – schools, handicapped, elderly etc – Waste collection – Organic waste collection – Security service – Courier service

CLEAN VEHICLES IN STOCKHOLM ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH ADM www.miljobilar.stockholm.se Clean Vehicles in Stockholm

The Berlingo procurement

© 2005, Carl Bro AB - sida 8 - 19 jul -11 Clean Vehicles in Stockholm The Berlingo procurement (1997 --99)

Specification: – electric or hybrid-electric – range 80 km BEV, 40 km in battery mode HEV

. International group of buyers through the ZEUS project . Citroën Berlingo Electrique + Fiat Seicento Elettra were selected . plus Peugeot 106 Electric for UK – 1st EV in UK . Battery leasing was a new concept . In total 350 vehicles. . Price excl batteries  conventional vehicles . Some problems with batteries and spare parts but all in all a functional vehicle

© 2005, Carl Bro AB - sida 9 - 19 jul -11 Clean Vehicles in Stockholm The Focus procurement

© 2005, Carl Bro AB - sida 10 - 19 jul -11 Clean Vehicles in Stockholm The Focus procurement (1998 - 2002)

Specification: – Medium sized E85-vehicle – fulfill Euro 4-standard

. Volvo and Ford interested . Volvo did not tender (limited experience made it too risky) . Ford required orders of at least 4 000 vehicles . City of Stockholm started a campaign to join buyers . In the end 3,000 buyers registered = OK from Ford . Ford Focus flexifuel introduced on Swedish market . Price € 550 below the petrol version

© 2005, Carl Bro AB - sida 11 - 19 jul -11 Clean Vehicles in Stockholm Number of clean car models in Sweden 1994-2008 Källa: Miljöbilar i Stockholm och Konsumentverket 100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Elhybrider Gas E85 Elbilar Snåla

CLEAN VEHICLES IN STOCKHOLM ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH ADM www.miljobilar.stockholm.se Clean Vehicles in Stockholm No of Clean Cars in Stockholm

120 000 Ethanol Biogas 100 000 Hybrid electric Small Petrol&Diesel 80 000

60 000

40 000

20 000

0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

CLEAN VEHICLES IN STOCKHOLM ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH ADM SIDAN 13 www.miljobilar.stockholm.se Clean Vehicles in Stockholm

Ethanol cars in Sweden

Cars: • Audi A3, A4 • Cadillac BLS Sedan/Kombi • Chevrolet Uplander 7sitts • Citroen C4, C5 Sedan/Kombi • Dodge Journey 7 • Ford Focus Sedan/Combisedan/kombi, C-Max, S-Max, Galaxy • Peugeot 307, 308 Combisedan/Kombi, 407 Sedan/Kombi • Renault Clio, Megane Combisedan/Kombi, Kangoo kombi/skåp • Seat Altea, Altea XL, Leon • Skoda Octavia Sedan/Kombi • Saab 9-5 Sedan/kombi, 9-3 Sedan/Kombi • Volkswagen Golf Combisedan/Kombi, Golf Plus, Jetta, Caddy • Volvo C30, S40, V50, V70, S80 • Mitsubishi Colt & Outlander • Skoda Superb • Dacia

CLEAN VEHICLES IN STOCKHOLM ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH ADM www.miljobilar.stockholm.se Clean Vehicles in Stockholm Biomethane cars in Sweden

Cars: • VW Caddy Ecofuel • VW Touran Ecofuel • VW Transporter • Renault Kangoo • Opel Combo CNG • Opel Zafira CNG • Fiat Doblo Cargo • Fiat Punto Bi-Power • Mercedes E200 NGT • Mercedes B170 NGT • IVECO Daily CNG • Citroen C3 CNG • Citroen C5 • Fiat Ducato & Grande Punto • VW Passat Man & Caddy Maxi • Opel Zafira Turbo CNG

CLEAN VEHICLES IN STOCKHOLM ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH ADM www.miljobilar.stockholm.se Clean Vehicles in Stockholm

Electric hybrid cars in Sweden

• Toyota Prius HSD • Peugeot 308 Hdi • Honda Civic Hybrid

CLEAN VEHICLES IN STOCKHOLM ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH ADM www.miljobilar.stockholm.se Clean Vehicles in Stockholm

Filling stations for E85 in Sweden 2001- 2008

1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

CLEAN VEHICLES IN STOCKHOLM ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH ADM www.miljobilar.stockholm.se Clean Vehicles in Stockholm Procurement setup . A formal technical procurement of BEVs and PHEVS . Slightly different rules for public and private procurers

1. Testfleet of 50 vehicles in 2011 2. Procurement 3. First 1 000 vehicles get 25 % co-funding of incremental cost 4. Co-funded cars evaluated on driving range, battery durability, capacity, actual E-drive etc . Total budget 248 mio SEK ( 25 mio €) . National funding 62 mio SEK ( 6.5 mio €)

CLEAN VEHICLES IN STOCKHOLM ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH ADM 18 www.miljobilar.stockholm.se Clean Vehicles in Stockholm

Who are the buyers? . 303 entities registred to buy one or several EVs! – 247 public entities – 56 private companies

. 1,370 vehicles/year for 3+1 year = 4,000 – 5,500 total – 870 by public entities • 570 passenger cars +300 transporters – 500 by private companies • 300 passenger cars + 200 transporters

CLEAN VEHICLES IN STOCKHOLM ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH ADM 20 www.miljobilar.stockholm.se Clean Vehicles in Stockholm