DOCSLIB.ORG

Project</Title></Head>

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

<html> <head> <title>project</title></head> <body Background="437993.jpg" Link="black" alink="green" vlink="Yellow"> <font face="freestyle script" color="black" size=+2> </font> <hr> <hr width=80% color="red"> <hr width=60%><br> <font face="maiandra GD" color="yellow" size=7> <center>Heritage Sites Of India <br></font> <hr width=60%> <hr width=80% color="red"> <hr> <font face="maiandra Gd" color="red" size="6"> <a href="list.html">List Of Heritage Sites</a> | <a href="abot us.html">About Us</a></font> <hr><a href="page 18.html"><img src="220px-Sher_Shah_Suri_Tomb.jpg" height=150 width=150 align="left top" border=2 hspace=20></a> <a href="page 16.html"><img src="Laghu_samrat_yantra.jpg" height=150 width=150 align="center top" border=2 hspace=20></a> <a href="page 13.html"><img src="Agra_Fort_Entrance_Gate.jpg" height=150 width=150 align="right top" border=2 hspace=20></a> <br> <br> <h2> <p><font face="maiandra GD" color="white" > <a href="page 7.html"><img src="220px-El_Taj_Mahal-Agra_India0023.jpg" height=150 width=150 align="left" border=2 hspace=20> <a href="page 8.html"><img src="200px-Red_Fort_2.jpg" height=150 width=150 align="right" border=2 hspace=20></a> A heritage site is a location designated by the governing body of a township, county, province, state or country as important to the cultural heritage of a community. The term usually refers to any non-moveable object with a specific location such as any preserved landscape containing <a href="page 11.html"><img src="300px- Fatehput_Sikiri_Buland_Darwaza_gate_2010.jpg" height=150 width=150 align="left" border=2 hspace=20></a> <a href="page 9.html"><img src="Humayun's_Tomb_at_Delhi,.jpg" height=150 width=150 align="right" border=2 hspace=20></a> important artifacts such as historic gardens, nature preserves, or archeological sites. The whole ensemble may be preserved separately as a historic site, landmark or national monument, but it may include multiple sites under various protection schemes grouped together such as fortifications or <a href="page 15.html"><img src="275px- Chhatrapati_Shivaji_Terminus_(Victoria_Terminus).jpg" height=150 width=150 align="left" border=2 hspace=20></a> <a href="page 10.html"><img src="79px-Close- up_of_upper_storeys_of_Qutb_Minar.jpg" height=150 width=150 align="right" border=2 hspace=20></a>buildings situated along special roadways. Heritage sites are generally protected by the local town's protection agency but, for objects that are nationally or internationally protected, sometimes more than one agency is involved in their protection.</p></h1> <a href="page 12.html"><img src="200px-Mahabodhitemple.jpg" height=150 width=150 align="left bottom" border=2 hspace=20> <a href="page 17.html"><img src="220px- Khajuraho_Devi_Jagadambi_Temple_2010.jpg" height=150 width=150 align="center bottom" border=2 hspace=20></a> <a href="page 14.html"><img src="220px-Golconda_032.jpg" height=150 width=150 align="right bottom" hspace=20></a> <br> <a href="#top"><h3> Top Of Page <h3> </a> </font> </body> </html> <html> <head> <title>Sher Shah Suri</title> </head> <body background="55062.jpg" link="white" alink="white" vlink="white"> <center> <hr> <hr> <center><h1><font face="Maiandra GD" size=7 color="white"><u> Tomb of Sher Shah Suri </u></font></h1></center> <font face="Maiandra GD" size=4 color="white"> <img src="220px-Sher_Shah_Suri_Tomb.jpg" height=250 width=250 align="left" border=2 hspace=20> <p>The tomb of Sher Shah Suri is in the Sasaram town of Bihar state, India. The tomb was built in memory of Emperor Sher Shah Suri, a Pathan from Bihar who defeated the Mughal Empire and founded the Suri Empire in northern India. He died in an accidental gunpowder explosion in the fort of Kalinjar on 10th day of Rabi' al-awwal, A.H. 952 or 13 May 1545 AD.</p> <p>His tomb is an example of Indo-Islamic architecture, it was designed by the architect Aliwal Khan and built between 1540 and 1545, this red sandstone mausoleum (122 ft high), which stands in the middle of an artificial lake, which is nearly square, is known as the second Taj Mahal of India. The tomb stands at the centre of the lake on a square stone plinth with domed kiosks, chhatris at each of its corners, further there are stone banks and stepped moorings on all sides of the plinth, which is connected to the mainland through a wide stone bridge. The main tomb is built on octagonal plan, topped by a dome, 22-metre in span and surrounded ornamental domed kiosks which were once covered in coloured glazed tile work. The tomb was built during the reign of his son Islam Shah. An inscription dates its completion to August 16, 1545, three months after the death of Sher Shah</p> <center> <marquee behavior="Alternate" width=70%> <hr width=80%></marquee><br> <center><a href="page 7.html"><u> <<< Previous Page </u></a> </center><center><a href="project.html">Homepage</a></center> <marquee behavior="Alternate" width=70%> <hr width=80%></marquee> </center> </font> </body> </html> <html> <head> <title>JM</title> </head> <body background="y1.jpg" link="white" alink="white" vlink="white"> <hr> <center><h1><font face="Maiandra GD" size=7 color="white"><u> Jantar Mantar </u></font></h1></center> <font face="Maiandra GD" Old Face" size=4 color="white"> <img src="Laghu_samrat_yantra.jpg" height=350 width=350 align="left" border=2 hspace=20> <p>The Jantar Mantar is a collection of architectural astronomical instruments, built by Sawai Jai Singh who was a Rajput king served Emperor Aurangzeb and later Mughals. The title of (King) and Sawai was bestowed on him by Emperor Mohammad Shah. Jai Singh II of Amber built his new capital of Jaipur between 1727 and 1734. It is also located in Ujjain and Mathura. </p> <p>It is modeled after the one that he had built at the Mughal capital of Delhi. He had constructed a total of five such facilities at different locations, including the ones at Delhi and Jaipur. The Jaipur observatory is the largest and best preserved of these. It has been inscribed on the World Heritage List as "an expression of the astronomical skills and cosmological concepts of the court of a scholarly prince at the end of the Mughal period".[1] Early restoration work was undertaken under the supervision of Major Arthur Garrett, a keen amateur astronomer, during his appointment as Assistant State Engineer for the Jaipur District.[2] The Jantar Mantar was made by Sawai Jai Singh as he was particularly interested in learning about the sky above his head. </p> <p>The observatory consists of fourteen major geometric devices for measuring time, predicting eclipses, tracking stars' location as the earth orbits around the sun, ascertaining the declinations of planets, and determining the celestial altitudes and related ephemerides. Each is a fixed and 'focused' tool. The Samrat Yantra, the largest instrument, is 90 feet (27 m) high, its shadow carefully plotted to tell the time of day. Its face is angled at 27 degrees, the latitude of Jaipur. The Hindu chhatri (small cupola) on top is used as a platform for announcing eclipses and the arrival of monsoons.</p><center> <marquee behavior="Alternate" width=70%> <hr width=80%></marquee><br> <center><a href="page 17.html"><u> Next page >>> </a></u></center> <center><a href="page 15.html"><u> <<< Previous Page </u></a> </center><center><a href="project.html">Homepage</a></center> <marquee behavior="Alternate" width=70%> <hr width=80%></marquee> </center></font> </body> </html> <html> <head> <title>Agra Fort</title> </head> <body background="7058.jpg" link="white" alink="white" vlink="white"> <hr> <center><h1><font face="Maiandra GD" size=7 color="black"><u> Agra Fort </u></font></h1></center> <font face="Maiandra GD" size=4 color="white"> <img src="120px-Agra_Fort_5.jpg" height=250 width=250 align="left" border=5 hspace=20> <img src="Agra_Fort_Entrance_Gate.jpg" height=250 width=250 align="right" border=5 hspace=20> <p>Agra Fort, is a monument, Urdu a UNESCO World Heritage site located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is about 2.5 km northwest of its more famous sister monument, the Taj Mahal. The fort can be more accurately described as a walled city. </p> <p>The present-day structure was built by the Mughals, though a fort had stood there since at least the 11th century. Agra Fort was originally a brick fort, held by the Hindu Sikarwar Rajputs. It was mentioned for the first time in 1080 AD when a Ghaznavide force captured it. Sikandar Lodi (1488–1517) was the first Sultan of Delhi who shifted to Agra and lived in the fort. He governed the country from here and Agra assumed the importance of the second capital. He died in the fort at 1517 and his son, Ibrahim Lodi, held it for nine years until he was defeated and killed at Panipat in 1526. Several palaces, wells and a mosque were built by him in the fort during his period. </p> <p>Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya who won Agra in 1553 and again 1556 defeating Akbar's army After the First Battle of Panipat in 1526, Mughals captured the fort and seized a vast treasure, including the diamond later known as the Koh-i-Noor. The victorious Babur stayed in the fort in the palace of Ibrahim and built a baoli (step well) in it. The emperor Humayun was crowned here in 1530. Humayun was defeated at Bilgram in 1540 by Sher Shah. The fort remained with Suris till 1555, when Humanyun recaptured it. The Hindu king Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, also called 'Hemu', defeated Humanyun's army, led by Iskandar Khan Uzbek, and won Agra.
Recommended publications
  • World Heritage Sites in India

    World Heritage Sites in India

    World Heritage Sites in India drishtiias.com/printpdf/world-heritage-sites-in-india A World Heritage Site is a place that is listed by UNESCO for its special cultural or physical significance. The list of World Heritage Sites is maintained by the international 'World Heritage Programme', administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) seeks to encourage the identification, protection and preservation of cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value to humanity. This is embodied in an international treaty called the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, adopted by UNESCO in 1972. India has 38 world heritage sites that include 30 Cultural properties, 7 Natural properties and 1 mixed site. Watch Video At: https://youtu.be/lOzxUVCCSug 1/11 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization It was founded in 1945 to develop the “intellectual and moral solidarity of mankind” as a means of building lasting peace. It is located in Paris, France. Cultural Sites in India (30) Agra Fort (1983) 16th-century Mughal monument Fortress of red sandstone It comprises the Jahangir Palace and the Khas Mahal, built by Shah Jahan; audience halls, such as the Diwan-i-Khas Ajanta Caves (1983) Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara at Nalanda, Bihar (2016) Remains of a monastic and scholastic institution dating from the 3 rd century BCE to the 13th century CE. Includes stupas, shrines, viharas (residential and educational buildings) and important artworks in stucco, stone and metal. Considered to be the most ancient university of the Indian Subcontinent.
  • Indian History - Dynasties #4

    Indian History - Dynasties #4

    TISS GK Preparation | Indian History - Dynasties #4 TISS GK Preparation Series: GK is a very important section for TISS especially since the verbal and the quant sections are relatively easy. Hence, getting a good score in GK can easily be the difference between getting a TISS call and not getting one. To help you ace this section, we are starting a series of articles devoted to topics commonly asked in the TISS GK section. We hope that this will help you in your preparation. Every article will also be available in PDF format. Here is our #4 article in this series: Indian History – Dynasties. Indian History is a very important topic for TISS with a lot of questions asked on dynasties, ancient India, etc. To help you, we have compiled a list of the important dynasties of India with a little detail on each. Also, this has been presented in a chronological order. Sr. Dynasty/Empire Detail No. 1 Magadha The core of this kingdom was the area of Bihar south of the Ganges; its first capital was Rajagriha (modern Rajgir) then Pataliputra (modern Patna). Magadha played an important role in the development of Jainism and Buddhism, and two of India's greatest empires, the Maurya Empire and Gupta Empire, originated from Magadha. 2 Maurya The Maurya Empire (322–185 BCE) was the first empire to unify India into one state, and was the largest on the Indian subcontinent. The empire was established by Chandragupta Maurya in Magadha (in modern Bihar) when he overthrew the Nanda Dynasty. Chandragupta's son Bindusara succeeded to the throne around 297 BC.
  • CULTURAL LANDSCAPE PRESERVATION: ANALYSIS of FIVE PRESERVATION MODELS Vineet Date Clemson University, Vdate@Clemson.Edu

    CULTURAL LANDSCAPE PRESERVATION: ANALYSIS of FIVE PRESERVATION MODELS Vineet Date Clemson University, [email protected]

    Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 5-2012 CULTURAL LANDSCAPE PRESERVATION: ANALYSIS OF FIVE PRESERVATION MODELS Vineet Date Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Part of the Landscape Architecture Commons Recommended Citation Date, Vineet, "CULTURAL LANDSCAPE PRESERVATION: ANALYSIS OF FIVE PRESERVATION MODELS" (2012). All Theses. 1401. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/1401 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CULTURAL LANDSCAPE PRESERVATION: ANALYSIS OF FIVE PRESERVATION MODELS A Thesis Presented to The Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Masters in Landscape Architecture By Vineet Shrikant Date May 2012 Accepted by: Dr. Matthew Powers, Committee Chair Dr. Christa Smith Mr. David Pearson Dr. Grant Cunningham i ABSTRACT In the recent past there has been a rise in concerns regarding the management and preservation of cultural landscapes. This project attempts to understand and analyze contemporary approaches taken by organizations around the world to preserve cultural landscapes. Five organizations are (1) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), (2) Australian Heritage Council (AHC), (3) New Zealand Historic Places Trust (NZHPT), (4) National Park Service (NPS) and (5) Archeological Survey of India (ASI) have been selected for study. The existing preservation guidelines and two case studies from each organization are examined. The results of the study will help in understanding the similarities and differences in approaches taken by various organizations while building towards a common framework.
  • Red Fortfort CMYK Were Built in 1638 and Were Designed to Prevent the Invaders

    Red Fortfort CMYK Were Built in 1638 and Were Designed to Prevent the Invaders

    The Sentinel P A G E 5 AUGUST 13, 2018 CMYK RedRed FortFort CMYK were built in 1638 and were designed to prevent the invaders. Heritage It was built adjacent to the old Salimgarh Fort, built by Islam Zone Shah Suri in 1546. The main gate, Lahore Gate, is one of the emotional and symbolic focal points of the modern Indian nation and attracts a lot of visitors of, especially, during the Independence Day. It houses many museums. The arched arcade of Chatta Chowk, a small market sits where vendors can be seen selling trinkets, leads into the huge fort compound. Inside is a veritable treasure trove of buildings, including the Drum House, the Hall of Public Audiences, the white marble Hall of Private Audiences, the Pearl Mosque, Royal Baths and Palace of Color. The fort complex represents the zenith of Mughal creativity under Shah Jahan and was considered to be the social and political centre of Mughal empire. The imperial apartments consist of a row of pavilions, connected by a water channels known as the Stream of Paradise (Nahr-i-Bihisht). Each pavilion has typical Mughal architectural elements that reflect a fusion of Timurid and Persian The Red Fort is a historical place in the present city of Delhi in India. It traditions. Its innovative architecture, has influenced the buildings and was the main residence of the emperors of the Mughal dynasty for nearly gardens prepared later in Delhi, Rajasthan, Punjab, Kashmir, Braj, 200 years, until 1857. It was constructed in 1639 by Shah Jahan, the Rohilkhand and other places.
  • National Institute of Disaster Management Training Programme

    National Institute of Disaster Management Training Programme

    National Institute of Disaster Management (Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India) 5-B, IIPA Campus, IP Estate, Ring Road, New Delhi - 110002 Training Programme on Disaster Risk Management of Cultural Heritage Dates & Venue : 20-24 December, 2010 at NIDM, New Delhi Course Team : Ms. Chandrani Bandyopadhyay , Assistant Professor Dr Rohit Jigyasu, Conservation & Risk Management Consultant, INDIA Guest Faculty PARTICIPANTS LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Sr. No. Name & Address Tel/Fax/E-mail Ms. Neela Manjunath Tel – 080-22863736 Commissioner Res – 26720893 Department of Archaeology, Museums and Heritage, Mob – 9449637501 Venkatappa Art Gallery, Kasturba Road, Fax – 080-22863736 Banglore – 560001, Karnataka [email protected] Shri Sayan Bhattacharya Tel – 033-22816029/5553 Programme Assistant Res – 033-25543999 Center for Archaeological Studies & Training, Eastern Fax – 033-22816029 India, 4, Camac Street, Kolkata – 700016, West Bengal Mob – 09830338673 [email protected] Shri Umrao Singh Tel – 05644-228185 Superintendent, Bharatpur Circle Mob – 9929421476 Department of Archaeology & Museums, Jaipur, Rajasthan Shri Pankaj Dharendra Tel – 0141-2618862, 2721700 (R) Superintendent Jaipur Circle Fax – 0141-2618862 Department of Archaeology and Museums , Rajasthan, Mob – 9414251730 Behind Albert Hall, [email protected] Ramniwas Garden, Jaipur, Rajasthan [email protected] Shri Rakesh Chholak Tel – 0141-2570099 Superintendent Fax – 0141-2570099 Archaeology & Museums, Mob – 09414335728 Department of Rajasthan, Behind Albert Hall, Jaipur, [email protected] Rajasthan Shir Tariq Safi Tel – 0194-2311478, 2482687 Library Assistant Mob – 9797143552 Jammu & Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and [email protected] Language, Lalmandi, Srinagar, Kashmir – 190001 Shri M. Sanjeeb Kumar Tel – 0674-2471597 Sr. Draughtsman Res. – 09937144910 Orissa State Museum Fax – 0674-2431597 Bhubaneswar, Orissa [email protected] Shri Laxmidhar Sahoo Tel – 0674-2431597 Manuuscript Library Assistant Res.
  • Phoolwalon Ki Sair.Indd 1 27/07/12 1:21 PM 1

    Phoolwalon Ki Sair.Indd 1 27/07/12 1:21 PM 1

    CORONATION To the south of the western gateway is the tomb of Qutb Sahib. was meant for the grave of Bahadur Shah Zafar, who was however PARK It is a simple structure enclosed by wooden railings. The marble exiled after the Mutiny and died in Burma. balustrade surrounding the tomb was added in 1882. The rear wall To the north-east of the palace enclosure lies an exquisite mosque, Phoolwalon was added by Fariduddin Ganj-e-Shakar as a place of prayer. The the Moti Masjid, built in white marble by Bahadur Shah I in the early western wall is decorated with coloured fl oral tiles added by the eighteenth century as a private mosque for the royal family and can be Delhi Metro Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. approached from the palace dalan as well as from the Dargah Complex. Route 6 ki Sair The screens and the corner gateways in the Dargah Complex were Civil Ho Ho Bus Route built by the Mughal emperor Farrukhsiyar. The mosque of Qutb Lines Heritage Route Sahib, built in mid-sixteenth century by Islam Shah Suri, was later QUTBUDDIN BAKHTIYAR KAKI DARGAH AND ZAFAR added on to by Farrukhsiyar. MAHAL COMPLEX The Dargah of Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki continues to be a sacred place for the pilgrims of different religions. Every week on Thursday 5 SHAHJAHANABAD Red Fort and Friday qawwali is also performed in the dargah. 5. ZAFAR MAHAL COMPLEX 6 Kotla 9 Connaught Firoz Shah Adjacent to the western gate of the Dargah of Place Jantar Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki, this complex Mantar 2 7 8 NEW DELHI has various structures built in 3 Route 5 1 Rashtrapati the eighteenth and nineteenth 4 Bhavan Purana century.
  • Important Facts About UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India

    Important Facts About UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India

    Important Facts about UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India 1. Agra Fort It is the 16th Century Mughal Monument called the Red Fort of Agra. Jahangir Palace and the Khas Mahal built by Shah Jahan are part of Agra Fort. Ajanta Caves These are rock-cut caves. There are a total of 29 caves. Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara at Nalanda Nalanda is the most ancient university in India. The archaeological remains of a monastic and scholastic institution dated from the 3rd century BCE to the 13th century CE are found here. Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Monolithic pillars, palaces, temples and monasteries are part of it. It is considered the oldest Buddhist Sanctuary in existence. Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park Unexcavated archaeological, historic and living cultural heritage properties are a part of it. Structures built between 8th and 14th centuries like fortifications, palaces, religious buildings, residential precincts, agricultural structures and water installations; are found here. Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus The former name of CST was Victoria Terminus. It represents the Victorian Gothic Revival architecture in India. British architect F. W. Stevens built and designed it. Churches and Convents of Goa The churches of the city which was the Portuguese capital signifies the evangelization of Asia. Elephanta Caves Gharapuri Caves is the local name of Elephanta Caves. There are seven caves. Ellora Caves There are 34 monasteries and temples. Fatehpur Sikri Mughal Emperor Akbar built it. It had been a Mughal capital for 10 years. Jama Masjid is a part of it. Great Living Chola Temples It includes temples like theBrihadisvara Temple at Thanjavur, the Brihadisvara Temple at Gangaikondacholisvaram and the Airavatesvara Temple at Darasuram.
  • Indian Archaeology 1994-95 a Review

    Indian Archaeology 1994-95 a Review

    INDIAN ARCHAEOLOGY 1994-95 — A REVIEW EDITED BY HARI MANJHI C. DORJE ARUNDHATI BANERJI PUBLISHED BY THE DIRECTOR GENERAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA GOVERNMENT OF INDIA JANPATH, NEW DELHI 2000 front cover : Gudnapura, general view of remains of a brick temple-complex back cover : Kanaganahalli, drum-slab depicting empty throne and Buddhdpada flanked by chanri bearers and devotees © 2000 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA GOVERNMENT OF INDIA Price : Rs. 330.00 PRINTED AT M/S BENGAL OFFSET WORKS, 335, KHAJOOR ROAD, NEW DELHI - 110005 PREFACE In bringing out this annual Review after a brief gap of one month, I warmly acknowledge the contributions of all my colleagues in the Survey as also those in the State Departments, Universities and various other Institutions engaged in archaeological researches for supplying material with illustrations for inclusion in this issue. I am sure, that, with the co-operation of all the heads of respective departments, we will soon be able to further reduce the gap in the printing of the Review. If contributions are received in time in the required format and style, our task of expediting its publication will be much easier. The material incorporated herein covers a wide range of subjects comprising exploration and excavation, epigraphical discoveries, development of museums, radio-carbon dates, architectural survey of secular and religious buildings, structural/chemical conservation etc. During the period under review many new discoveries have been reported throughout the country. Among these the survey of buildings in and around Vrindavan associated with mythological tradition is particularly interesting. I would like to place on record my sincere thanks to my colleagues Shri Hari Manjhi, Shri C.
  • LAL QUILA/RED FORT COMPLEX Red Fort, Popularly Known As Lal Qila, Was Constructed by Shah Jahan in the 17Th Century

    LAL QUILA/RED FORT COMPLEX Red Fort, Popularly Known As Lal Qila, Was Constructed by Shah Jahan in the 17Th Century

    LAL QUILA/RED FORT COMPLEX Red Fort, popularly known as Lal Qila, was constructed by Shah Jahan in the 17th Century. • The fort complex served as the residence of Mughal Emperors for nearly 200 years, until 1857. • It was designed by architect Ustad Ahmad Lahauri and Ustad Hamid. • The fort lies along the Yamuna River. • Its construction began in the sacred month of Muharram, on 13 May 1638, and was completed in 1648. • It has a perimeter of 2.41km. •The fort is built using red sandstone and has an oblong octagonal plan. • It has 2 principal gates – Lahore Drawaza and Delhi Darwaza along its western and southern sides respectively. Key Features •The fortress is in the shape of a rectangle 900m by 550m. • The rampart is about 34m high. • A moat surrounds the rampart. • Two of five gateways of the fort are three – storeyed structures flanked by octagonal towers. • These are the Lahori Gate and the Delhi Gate. • Figures of two huge elephants flank the Delhi Gate. • The main entrance to the fort is through the Lahori Gate. • A covered passage with shops on either side leads to the places inside the fort. Rampart - a defensive wall of a castle or walled city, having a broad top with a walkway and typically a stone parapet. •The Red Fort's boundary walls are asymmetrical to contain the older Salimgarh Fort. • The fortress-palace was a focal point of the medieval city of Shahjahanabad, which is present-day Old Delhi. • Its planning and aesthetics represent the zenith of Mughal creativity prevailing during Shah Jahan's reign.
  • Art in Between Empires: Visual Culture & Artistic

    Art in Between Empires: Visual Culture & Artistic

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Columbia University Academic Commons ART IN BETWEEN EMPIRES: VISUAL CULTURE & ARTISTIC KNOWLEDGE IN LATE MUGHAL DELHI 1748-1857 Yuthika Sharma Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 © 2013 Yuthika Sharma All rights reserved ABSTRACT Art in between Empires: Visual Culture & Artistic Knowledge in Late Mughal Delhi 1748 -1857 Yuthika Sharma This dissertation focuses on the artistic culture of late Mughal Delhi spanning the last century of Mughal rule and the administration of the English East India Company in North India, from the mid-eighteenth to the mid-nineteenth centuries. It brings a hitherto unrecognized period of artistic accomplishment to light and studies the transformations within painting culture in the multicultural Anglo-Mughal society of Delhi. Rather than being fixated on the continuum of Mughal painting over centuries, this dissertation suggests that the art of the late Mughal period should be studied on its own terms as a response to immense socio-political and cultural changes. At its core this study is concerned with dissolving the stylistic barriers between Mughal and Company painting in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. I take up the question of what the term ‘late Mughal painting’ entails and discuss how the term privileges the notion of a court centric culture of painting in an era when the Mughal court was only one of many venues of artistic expression. On the other hand, I highlight the inadequacy of the term ‘Company painting’ to address the variegated nature of works produced under East India Company patronage in this period.
  • FORTS of INDIA Anurit Vema

    FORTS of INDIA Anurit Vema

    FORTS OF INDIA Anurit Vema *'9^7” \ < > k M' . J . i <• : » I : *='>- >.% ' nvjl •I' 4 V FORTS OF INDIA ■ \ f 0i''. ■ V'; ’ V, , ’' I* ;■'; -r^/A ci''> Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 with funding from Public.Resource.org https ;//archive.org/details/fortsofindiaOOverm JAMkJ AND KASHMIR FORTS OF INDIA HARIPARBAT "■^Arot kangraW ( HIMACHAL\ ( .' V.PRADESH\ r PUNJAB S', i /kalibangM ■'HARYANA > ARUNACHAL PRADESH ®BIKANER \ A/ D. AMBEr'f-X UTTAR PRADESH^-'... ® RAJASTHAN ® X BHUTAN "'^JAISALMER BHARATPUR’^A--^,@i®/lGPA JODHPUR /^^f^ji^^i^gff^j^^®^ BWALIOR J ALLAHABAD ROHTASGARH MEGHALAYA 'KUMBHALGARH % (\ \ ®\ .0 n.1 , ^•‘-fCHUHAR BANGLADESH TRIPURA f AHtAADABAD ■> WEST C !■ r'^' BENGALI, ® .^XHAMPANIR MADHYA PRADESH FORT WILLIAM A RAT /rOABHOlV ®MANDU BURMA DAULATABAD MAHARASHTRA ^AHMEDNABAR SHJVNER ARABIAN SEA mSINHGARH l\i,' WARANGAL 1, bay of BENGAL RAIGARH . /“ < GULBARGA GOLKUNOA PANHALA BIJAPUR JANDHRA PRADESH VUAYANAGAR iKARNATAKA| '^RJRANGAPATAM m GINGEEi LAKSHADWEEP (INDIA) SRI \ INDIAN OCEAN LANKA 6aMd upon Survey ol India outline map printed in 1980 The territorial waters of India extend into the sea to a distance of twelve nautical miles measured from the appropriate base line. ) Government of India copyrliht. The twundary of Meghalaya shown on this map is as interpreted from the Nonh-Eestern Areas (Reorgamaaiion) Act, 1971. but has yet to be venlied 49 FORTS OF INDIA AMRIT VERMA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION MINISTRY OF INFORMATION AND BROADCASTING GOVERNMENT OF INDIA May 1985 {Jyaistha 1907) ® Publications Division Price
  • Consequences and Significance of Second Battle of Panipat

    Consequences and Significance of Second Battle of Panipat

    International Journal of Advanced Research and Development International Journal of Advanced Research and Development ISSN: 2455-4030 Impact Factor: RJIF 5.24 www.advancedjournal.com Volume 3; Issue 2; March 2018; Page No. 19-21 Consequences and significance of second battle of Panipat Karmvir Department of History, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India Abstract The Second Battle of Panipat was fought between the forces of Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, popularly called Hemu, the Hindu king who was ruling North India from Delhi, and the army of Akbar, on November 5, 1556. It was a decisive victory for Akbar's generals Khan Zaman I and Bairam Khan. Background On January 24, 1556, the Mughal ruler Humanyun died in Delhi and was succeeded by his son, Akbarat Kalanaur, who was only thirteen years old. Keywords: Panipat, battle, war, second, causes, results etc. Introduction to free their nation, yet Bairam Khan ruled for war. Akbar's On February 14, 1556, Akbar was enthroned as the king. At armed force walked towards Delhi. On November 5, the two the time of his accession to the throne, the Mughal rule was armed forces met at the memorable combat zone of Panipat, confined to Kabul, Kandahar, parts of Delhi and Punjab. where, thirty years sooner, Akbar's granddad Babur had Akbar was then battling in Kabul with his watchman, Bairam crushed Ibrahim Lodi in what is presently known as the First Khan. Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya or Hemu was a Battle of Panipat. H.G.Keen expresses; "Akbar and his Hindu head in Delhi by ethicalness of vanquishing watchman Bairam Khan did not take an interest in the fight Akbar/Humanyun's armed force in Battle for Delhi.