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Cyb Template 2012 P a Papua New Guinea p u a N e w G u i n e a KEY FACTS Climate: Tropical monsoon type, hot and humid all year, though somewhat cooler in the highlands. Rainfall is chiefly from Joined Commonwealth: 1975 December to March. High mountains receive occasional frost, even Population: 7,167,000 (2012) snow. GDP p.c. growth: 1.8% p.a. 1990–2012 Environment: The most significant environmental issues are UN HDI 2012: world ranking 156 rainforest deforestation as a result of growing commercial demand Official language: English for tropical timber; pollution from mining projects; and severe Time: GMT plus 10hr drought. Currency: kina (K) Vegetation: Rich and very varied: five kinds of lowland, and 13 Geography kinds of mountain rainforest, five kinds of palm and swamp forests, three differing mangrove forests, and the world’s greatest variety of Area: 462,840 sq km orchid species. Forest covers 63 per cent of the land area, having Coastline: 5,150 km declined at 0.5 per cent p.a. 1990–2010. Arable land comprises Capital: Port Moresby one per cent and permanent cropland two per cent of the total The Independent State of Papua New Guinea in the South Pacific land area. shares a land-border with Indonesia; its other near neighbours are Wildlife: There are no large mammals but a rich variety of Australia to the south and Solomon Islands to the east. marsupials, reptiles and some 700 species of birds, including 38 Papua New Guinea includes the eastern half of the world’s second species of the spectacular bird of paradise and related bower-birds. biggest island, New Guinea, bordering the Indonesian province of Papua New Guinea also has many thousands of unusual species of Irian Jaya to the west. The rest of the country is made up of about insect including the world’s largest butterfly, the Queen Alexandra 600 small islands, the chief of which are the Bismarck Archipelago, birdwing, and brilliant green scarab beetles which are used for the Trobriands, the Louisiade Archipelago, the D’Entrecasteaux jewellery. Indigenous marsupials include tree kangaroos, wallabies, Islands, and some of the islands in the Solomons group, including bandicoots, cuscus and spiny anteaters. Dugong live in the waters Bougainville. near the coast. The creation of national parks was a slow process, the government being reluctant to interfere with traditional The country comprises 22 provinces including the National Capital methods of land tenure, but there are now four national parks, District (greater Port Moresby) and the Autonomous Region of and protection measures have been introduced, banning the export Bougainville. of birds of paradise. Some 39 mammal species and 37 bird species Topography: The centre of the main island is a rugged are thought to be endangered (2012). mountainous ridge, with several wide valleys, and foothills north Main towns: Port Moresby (capital, pop. 307,100 in 2010), Lae and south. The rivers Sepik and Ramu drain the foothills to the (Morobe, 96,200), Mendi (Southern Highlands, 43,100), Mount north, and the rivers Fly, Kikori and Purari those in the south. Hagen (Western Highlands, 41,500), Popondetta (Oro, 40,600), Though fast-flowing, many rivers are navigable. There are active Arawa (on Bougainville, 38,600), Kokopo (on New Britain, 33,500), volcanoes along the north coast, and some volcanoes and warm Madang (Madang, 29,100), Kimbe (on New Britain, 23,800), pools in the south-east islands. Wewak (East Sepik, 21,800), Bulolo (Morobe, 20,900), Goroka (Eastern Highlands, 20,900), Daru (Fly River, 18,300), Kavieng (on New Ireland, 18,200), Alotau (Milne Bay, 14,500), Vanimo (Sandaun, 11,500), Kundiawa (Simbu, 10,800), Wau (Morobe, 8,700) and Rabaul (on New Britain, 8,100). Did you know? The country comprises about 600 small islands and has some 5,150 km of coastline; only 13 per cent of people live in urban areas, the lowest proportion in the Commonwealth. Papua New Guinea has more than 800 indigenous languages, thought to be more than any other country in the world. The Commonwealth Yearbook 2014 Transport: Construction of roads is hampered by the rugged In such a large and sparsely populated country radio is the most s e mountainous environment and the total national road network important information source for most people. The National i r t extends to 19,600 km, 3.5 per cent paved. Port Moresby is perhaps Broadcasting Corporation provides national and provincial radio n the only capital city that is not linked by road with the rest of the stations; and there are several private radio stations. u o country. There is no railway. c The private TV service, EMTV, and public National Television Service are r Principal ports are Alotau (on the southern tip of New Guinea), Port only received in and around Port Moresby and the provincial capitals. e b Moresby (on the south coast), and Lae, Madang and Wewak (on Some ten per cent of households have TV sets (2006). There are 64 m the north coast), Rabaul (in New Britain), Kieta (Bougainville) and e personal computers per 1,000 people (2005). Momote (Manus Island). As there are relatively few roads, river m transport is important, for both freight and passengers, and Communications: Country code 675; internet domain ‘.pg’. h t l particularly on the River Sepik. Mobile coverage is limited. Internet access is generally slow. a e The international airport is Port Moresby at Jackson Field, 11 km There are 19 main telephone lines, 378 mobile phone subscriptions w from the city. Domestic air services run to all centres of population and 23 internet users per 1,000 people (2012). n o and industry. Public holidays: New Year’s Day, Queen’s Official Birthday m (Monday in June), Remembrance Day (23 July), Independence and m o Society Constitution Day (16 September), Christmas Day and Boxing Day. C KEY FACTS 2012 Regional festivals are held at various times during the year. Population per sq km: 15 Religious festivals whose dates vary from year to year include Good Life expectancy: 62 years Friday and Easter Monday. Population: 7,167,000 (2012); 13 per cent of people live in urban areas; growth 2.5 per cent p.a. 1990–2012; birth rate 29 per 1,000 Economy people (42 in 1970); life expectancy 62 years (43 in 1970). KEY FACTS 2012 The people are of mixed (mostly Melanesian) race, with small GNI: US$12.8bn communities of Polynesians on outlying atolls. There is a declining GNI p.c.: US$1,790 non-indigenous population (several thousand Australians and a GDP growth: 7.4% p.a. 2008–12 small Chinese population). Inflation: 6.8% p.a. 2008–12 Language: The official language is English, but Tok Pisin (an Though the country is rich in mineral, agricultural, forestry and English-based Creole) is more widely used, and Hiri Motu is spoken fisheries resources, development is still in the early stages, and has around Port Moresby; there are over 800 indigenous languages. been hampered by volatile prices for agricultural and mineral Religion: Christians 90 per cent (predominantly Protestants), though Christian beliefs often coexist with traditional beliefs. Real Growth in GDP Health: Public spending on health was three per cent of GDP in % 10 2011. State- and church-run hospitals, dispensaries and clinics, with charges low and related to ability to pay. Some 40 per cent of 8 the population uses an improved drinking water source and 19 per cent have access to adequate sanitation facilities (2011). Infant 6 mortality was 48 per 1,000 live births in 2012 (143 in 1960). In 2012, 0.5 per cent of people aged 15–49 were HIV positive. 4 Education: There are 12 years of school education comprising six years of primary and six of secondary, with cycles of four and two 2 years. The school year starts in January. 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 There are four public universities: the University of Papua New Guinea (Port Moresby); Papua New Guinea University of Technology (Lae); University of Goroka (Goroka), which trains Inflation teachers; and University of Natural Resources and Environment % 12 (Kerevat, East New Britain), which trains people for agriculture and natural resource management. The longest-established private 10 universities include one founded by the Roman Catholic Church, Divine Word University at Madang; and one by the Seventh Day 8 Adventist Church, Pacific Adventist University at Boroko, Port Moresby. The National Polytechnic Institute at Lae is one of several 6 tertiary institutions offering courses in technical and vocational 4 education. Literacy among people aged 15–24 is 68 per cent (2010). 2 Media: Two daily papers, The National and Post-Courier , are 0 published in English. 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 The Commonwealth Yearbook 2014 G Papua New Guinea is a constitutional monarchy recognising Queen P GDP by Sector (2012) a Elizabeth II as head of state, represented by a Governor-General p who is nominated by parliament and serves for a term of six years. u a Agriculture 29.1% Government is by parliamentary democracy, with a unicameral N e Industry 44.2% National Parliament of 111 members (increased from 109 before w the 2012 general election). Elections are held every five years, with Services 26.7% G universal adult suffrage. u i After a general election parliament elects a Prime Minister who n e heads the national government. Parliament can only hold votes of a exports. In addition, the main population centres are separated by no confidence in the Prime Minister when more than 18 months ocean or inhospitable terrain. GDP grew by 1.9 per cent p.a.
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