09/52 FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT

The area is known as the Vaalharts Irrigation Scheme in the France Baard District is the largest irrigation scheme in .

2 PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT

PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT 3

NEXT BIG THING: Develop a nature-based tourism focus in the rural areas. The district has an abundance of scenic beauty with many of the towns offering some form of attraction. CONTENT

1. Executive Summary ...... 5 2. Frances Baard District Overview ...... 6 2.1 Historical Perspective ...... 6 2.2 Location ...... 7 2.2.1 Dikgatlong Local Municipality ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2.2 Sol Plaatje Local Municipality ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2.3 Phokwane Local Municipality ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2.4 Magareng Local Municipality ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3 Spatial Status ...... 9 2.4 Land Ownership ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3. Social Developement Profile ...... 10 3.1 Key Social Demographics ...... 10 3.1.1 Population ...... 10 3.1.1.1 Race, Gender and Age ...... 11 3.1.1.2 Households ...... 12 3.1.2 Health Profile ...... 13 3.1.3 Covid-19 ...... 14 3.2 Poverty Dimensions ...... 16 3.2.1 Inequality ...... 17 3.2.2 Employed/Unemployed ...... 17 3.3 Crime ...... 18 3.4 Educational/Skills Profile ...... 19 4. Divers of the Economy ...... 20 4.1 Structure of the Economy ...... 20 4.1.1 Primary Sector ...... 22 4.1.2 Secondary Sector ...... 23 4.1.3 Tertiary Sector ...... 24 4.1.4 Informal Sector ...... 25 5. Service Delivery ...... 25 5.1 Water ...... 25 5.2 Sanitation ...... 25 5.3 Human Settlements ...... 26 5.4 Waste Management ...... 27 5.5 Roads and Transport...... 27 5.6 Electricity ...... 28 6. Government and Management ...... 29 6.1 Municipal Perfomance...... 29 6.2 Municipal Capacity ...... 30 6.3 Traditional Affairs Governance ...... 31 7. Projects to diversify and grow People and the Economy ...... 33 7.1 Social Development Projects ...... 33 7.2 Spatial Development ...... 33 7.3 Infrastructure Projects ...... 34 4 PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT

7.4 Economic Projects ...... 35 7.5 Environmental Forecast ...... 36 8. Key Recommendations ...... 38 8.1 Prioritise Integrated Development Plan ...... 38 8.2 Investor and Sponsorship Opportunities ...... 38

PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT 5

1. Executive Summary Frances Baard District is nestled in the north-eastern corner of the Northern and comprises out of four local municipalities, Dikgatlong, Magareng, Phokwane and Sol Plaatje. The Frances Baard District Municipality is a Category C municipality located in the far eastern portion of the Northern Cape Province. It shares its northern borders with the North West Province and its eastern border with the Free State Province. The municipality is the smallest district in the Northern Cape, making up only 3% of its geographical area.

The Frances Baard District Municipality is the most populous region in the Northern Cape Province for 2019. It accounts for a total population of 438,904, or 32.4% of the total population in the Northern Cape Province. Between 2009 and 2019 the population growth averaged 2.31% per annum which is slightly higher than the growth rate of South Africa as a whole (1.61%).

In 2019, there were 203 383 people living in poverty, using the lower poverty line definition, across Frances Baard District Municipality - this is 24.78% higher than the 153 196 in 2009. Within Frances Baard District Municipality, the number of people without any schooling decreased from 2009 to 2019 with an average annual rate of - 1.10%, while the number of people within the 'matric only' category, increased from 54,000 to 79,800.

On 12 June 2020, the Frances Baard District had 50 positive Covid-19 cases, the majority (34) of which were in the Sol Plaatje local municipality.

The Frances Baard District Municipality had a total GDP of R 36.5 billion and in terms of total contribution towards Northern Cape Province the Frances Baard District Municipality ranked highest relative to all the regional economies to total Northern Cape Province GDP. In 2019, the community services sector is the largest within Frances Baard District Municipality accounting for R 9.98 billion or 31.1% of the total GVA in the district municipality's economy. The sector that contributes the second most to the GVA of the Frances Baard District Municipality is the finance sector at 18.3%, followed by the transport sector with 15.7%.

Skills and job opportunities require special attention in the deliberation on the district’s development, to counteract migration towards economic opportunity.

6 PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT

2. Frances Baard District Overview 2.1 Historical Perspective The district is named after Frances Goetsemang Baard a Treason Trialist who was born in Kimberly. She was an educator and domestic worker who was a leader of the ANC Women’s League and the Federation of South African Women. She was also one of the drafters of the and played a prominent role in the Women’s march to the on 9 August 1956, to protest against the . The District was previously known as Diamantveld district municipality and was renamed in her honour in 2001.

Long before the discovery of diamonds on the Vooruitzicht farm in 1871, the area was of great significance to the natives, as can be seen by the centuries old rock art on the outskirts of Kimberly in Sol Platjiee Muncipality. The town was ‘established’ as New Rush shortly after the arrival of colonial commissioners on 17 November 1871, thus displacing the natives who had been resident in the area under the leadership of Kgosi . The town was only proclaimed in 1873 and on 18 July 1878 Kgosi Galeshewe led a rebellion against the as a result of the culling of the cattle of the Batlhaping people, which was enmass at Cornforth Hill near Taung. The matter was taken to court but as result of the decisions of the unsympathetic court the Kgosi was sentenced to 12 years imprisonment. 19 years later he was to lead another uprisng together with Lika Jantjies which became known as the Phokwane Rebellion. Subsequently, Jantjies was killed and Galeshewe recaptured, bringing distress to his people as the Batlhaping lost their land, with some of the people executed for participating in the rebellion. This time around though, he was sentenced to 10 years in prison. In particular, this arrest showed that Galeshewe was viewed as an enemy by the oppressor, especially for his ability to stand up and fight for the rights of his people.

In 1882 Kimberly became the first city in the Southern Hemisphere and the second city in the world after Philadelphia to integrate electric street lights into its infrastructure. It also hosted the first stock exchange in Africa in 1881. The De Beers Consolidated Mines, organised by Cecil Joihn Rhodes assumed control of the diamond fields in 1881, which includes the world’s largest diamond mine the famous Big Hole which was mined by 50 000 miners between July 1871 to 1914. During the 2nd Anglo Boer War, Kimberly was under siege by the Boers, ending in 1900.

The Piooneers of Aviation Museum is also located in Kimberly where in 1913 the first flight school opened in South Africa to train South African Aviation Corps which later became the South African Air Force, the second oldest Airforce in the world. Kimberley houses the Miners’ Memorial (built in honor of Kimberley’s miners), the Honoured Dead Memorial (built to commemorate those that died defending the city in the siege in the 2nd Anglo Boer War), the Concentration Camp memorial (built in remembrance PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT 7

of those who were interned at the concentration camp in the 2nd Anglo Boer War) and many other memorials.

Although the district is well known for its agriculture and rich history in mining, it is also the capital of the Northern Cape Province and host to various provincial departments and private sector companies.

2.2 Location The seat of the Frances Baard District Municipality is located in Kimberley, which is less than 500 km away from in the North, less than 1000 km away from Cape Town in the South, and less than 800 km away from the port of Duran in the East. To its north east it shares provincial boundaries with the Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati of the North West Province. To its east is the Lejweleputswa District Municipality of the Free State Province. To its south east is the Xhariep District of the Free State Province. To its south west is the Pixely ka Seme District Municipality of the Northern Cape and to the West is ZF Mgcawu. To its north west is the John Taolo Gaetswe. This makes the district to be strategically located in accessing two provinces (North West and Free State) and well located to access two countries (Namibia and ) and the Gauteng and Western Cape economic powerhouses.

8 PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT

The Dikgatlong Local Municipality derives its name from Setswana meaning ‘confluence’, as it refers to the place where the Harts and Vaal Rivers flow into each other at Delspoortshoop. The municipality covers an area of ± 7 315 km² and includes the towns of , and . It was established in 2000 through the Local Government Demarcation proceses, when the three towns were amalgamated into one municipality. It main economic driver is agriculture (22%) with sprnklings of mining (7%) and manufacturing (7%).

Sol Plaatje Local Municipality is named after Solomon Tshekisho Plaatje an intellectual, journalist, linguist, and founding member of the South African National Congress who was born in and was resident in the city of Kimberly, which is the administrative capital of the District and province. It has a geographical area of 1877.1km² and comprises of the urban areas of the ‘diamond city’ of Kimberley and Ritchie as well as surrounding villages and farms. Although the city was established as a result of mining, since it is the district and provincial government legislative and administrative capital, the community services sector (33%) contributes the most with finance (24%) being the second bioggest contributor.

Phokwane LM is named after Queen Phokwane, the wife of Kgosi Galeshewe of the Barolong ba Ra Tlhaping. It is the smallest, in land mass, of the four municipalities of the district at approximately 833.9 km² and consists of , , and settlements and the adjoining farming areas. The municipality is 125km from along the and its administrative seat is at PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT 9

Hartswater. The majority of inhabitants are found in the peri-urban areas of the municipality. In terms of agriculture, Phokwane exports grape, citrus and olive products. Phokwane is nestled in the lush green delta of the Hartswater region and boasts the second-largest irrigation scheme in the Southern Hemisphere, namely the Vaalharts Irrigation Scheme. It main economic activities are agriculture, community development, retail, private households and informal trading.

Magareng LM derives its name from Setswana meaning ‘in the middle’, due to its location of being in the middle of the three other local municipalities of the district. It is the smallest municipality in relation to population covering an area of 1 546 km². Its administrative centre and sole town is situated approximately 77 km north of Kimberley on the banks of the .

2.3 Spatial Status In 2019, with an average of 34.2 people per square kilometre, Frances Baard District Municipality had a higher population density than Northern Cape (3.61 people per square kilometre) and lesser than the South Africa average (48.3 per square kilometre). The district is predominantly a mining and agricultural district, with much unlocked potential. There are ‘sunny days, throughout the year. Two of the largest rivers in South Africa, the Orange and the Vaal, flow through the district. Frances Baard District Municipality is the smallest district in the Northern Cape; however, it accommodates the largest proportion of the population of the province.

Consequently, the draft National Spatial Development Framework of 2019 (NSDF) identifies the Frances Baard (FB) District as a National Transformation Corridor Priority (North Western Transformation Corridor). The area is to be a production transition area and rail corridor from via Vryburg and Taung to Kuruman, Postmansburg and Sol Plaatje. Kimberley has also been identified as an urban node under stress.

The following maps depict the functional regions within the district and the rural-urban linkages. 10 PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT

3. Social Developement Profile

3.1 Key Social Demographics 3.1.1 Population With 438 904 people, the Frances Baard District Municipality housed 0.7% of South Africa's total population in 2019. Between 2009 and 2019 the population growth averaged 2.31% per annum which is slightly higher than the growth rate of South Africa as a whole (1.61%). Compared to Northern Cape's average annual growth rate (2.05%), the growth rate in Frances Baard's population at 2.31% was very similar than that of the province.

PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT 11

The Sol Plaatje Local Municipality rexperienced the highest popopulation growth of 2,56% between 2009 and 2019, bringing the resident to 293 000 up from the 2009 figure of 228 000. This makes Sol Plaatje the miost populated municipality in the district and in the province. All the other municipalities in the district have less than 70 000 residents. Phokwane is the second beiggest municipality with 68 500 residents up from the 59 000 in 2009, however it received the lowest growth rate in the period 2009 to 2019 at 1,49%. Magareng recieved the highest population growth rate of 2,25% up from the 22 200 registered in 2009 to 27 700 in 2019, however it remains the smallest municipality. Dikgatlong received a 2,07% growth rate in the period 2009 to 2019 rising from 22 200 residents to 27 700 residents.

3.1.1.1 Gender, Age and Race In 2019, there were 226 036 females which constitutes 51,5% of the populations. The median age is 27 with thise who are 29 and below constituting 54% of the population.

The population structure is depicted below: 12 PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT

Population structure, Total, 2019 DC09 Frances Baard vs. National

DC09 Frances Baard 75+ South Africa 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 Female Male 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 05-09 00-04 6,0% 4,0% 2,0% 0,0% 2,0% 4,0% 6,0% Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1946

By comparing the population pyramid of the Frances Baard District Municipality with the national age structure, the most significant differences are: • There is a significantly smaller share of young working age people aged between 20 and 34 years of age (24.6%) compared to the national average (26.9%). • The area seems to be a migrant sending area, with many people leaving the area to find work in the bigger cities. • The share of children between the ages of 0 to 14 years is slightly larger (29.3%) in Frances Baard compared to South Africa (28.6%). Demand for expenditure on schooling as percentage of total budget within Frances Baard District Municipality will therefore be higher than that of South Africa.

In 2019, the Frances Baard District Municipality's population consisted of 68.39% African (300 000), 6.34% White (27 800), 24.42% Coloured (107 000) and 0.85% Asian (3 720) people.

3.1.1.2 Households In 2019, the Frances Baard District Municipality comprised of 120 000 households. 41,5% of these are women headed households. The number of households grew at an average annual growth rate of 2.7% between 2009 and 2019. With an average PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT 13

annual growth rate of 2.31% in the total population, the average household size in the Frances Baard District Municipality is by implication decreasing. There are 215 childheaded households the majority (55%) live in formal structures.

3.1.2 Health Profile The major prevalent causes of death in the Frances Baard District are Tuberculosis; HIV/AIDS; Influenza and pneumonia; Cerebrovascular diseases; and Hypertensive diseases, in order of prevalence. This is likely to aggravate the advancement of COVID-19.

For the percentage of deaths by broad cause, deaths are classified into four groups, namely: (i) injuries; (ii) noncommunicable diseases; (iii) HIV and TB; and (iv) communicable diseases together with maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions. Data are given by gender and age group for the period 2013-2015. In Frances Baard, more than 70% of deaths under 1 year can be attributed to communicable diseases together with maternal, perinatal and nutritional causes. However, as people get older the causes of death changes, for example the over 50 category most deaths can be attributed to non-communicable diseases.

Frances Baard District Municipality is host to 37.4% (24 400 people) of persons who were infected with HIV. This reflects an increase at an average annual rate of 3.53% 14 PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT since 2008, and in 2018 represented 6.03% of the district municipality's total population. There are two district hspitals one in Dikgatlong and the other in Phokwane, which complement the following health care facilities.

Health Care Facilities FBDM

3.1.3 Covid-19 In Northern Cape there were 211 confirmed cases of which 62 had recovered by the 17th of June 2020. 59 Cases were in Frances Baard of which 41 were in Sol Plaatje. 17 513 people were tested for Covid-19.

The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in collaboration with Albert Luthuli Centre for Responsible leadership have developed a set of COVID-19 Vulnerability Indicators using available data and knowledge. It identifies vulnerabilities present in communities and identifying areas in need of targeted coordinated interventions and early response. The purpose of the indicators is intended to support the early prevention/mitigation and preparedness phase of the disaster management cycle and informing disaster management decision making. It is not based on epidemiological modelling but a response to highlighting intervention areas due to underlying situation. The composition of the index follows two main factors, namely: transmission potential and health susceptibility.

Transmission potential areas identify areas that prevent social distancing to be practiced and where limitations of practicing good basic hygiene. The health susceptibility index denotes areas where large number of people are potential more susceptible to being adversely affected by COVID-10 due to factors such as age and underlying health conditions. The Francis Baard vulnerability profile is presented below. The map shows low vulnerability areas (blue dotted areas) versus areas with higher vulnerability (red dotted areas)

PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT 15

The area shows low vulenrability as it is sparsely populated but for Gaeleshewe the township areas of Kimberly which is the main economic hub as well as Ritchie which is more densley populated. Although Ganspan belongs to the Greater Taung municipality in the North West it presents a threat to the areas in Magareng. Area specific live GIS vunerability maps are available curtosy of CSIR at: https://pta-gis-2-web1.csir.co.za/portal2/apps/opsdashboard/#/390a74fb10844c7a85396e60555a866d

28 Quarantine facilities have been identified for the Frances Baard by 29 May 2020:

TOWN State-owned NO OF ROOMS NO OF BEDS STATUS OF Activated Site or Private AVAILABLE AVAILABLE FACILITY

Barkly West State-Owned 17 72 Not assessed Pending Ritchie Not assessed Pending Barkly West 12 46 Not assessed Pending Kimberley Private 15 Not assessed Pending Galeshewe Private 8 8 Not assessed Pending Kimberley Private 30 30 Not assessed Pending

Kimberley Private 0 60 Not assessed Pending

Kimberley State-Owned 19 42 Assessed and Activated approved Kimberley Private 10 10 Not assessed Pending 16 PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT

TOWN State-owned NO OF ROOMS NO OF BEDS STATUS OF Activated Site or Private AVAILABLE AVAILABLE FACILITY

Kimberley Private 7 7 Not assessed Pending Kimberley State-Owned Not assessed Pending Kimberley State-Owned Not assessed Pending

Kimberley Private 27 27 Not assessed Pending Ritchie State-Owned 12 33 DOH Compliant Pending Kimberley Private 19 19 Not assessed Pending

Kimberley State-Owned 12 24 DOH Compliant Pending Barkly West State-Owned 2 10 Not assessed Pending Kimberley Private 21 21 Not assessed Pending Kimberley State-Owned 2 50 Not assessed Pending Kimberley Private 6 6 Not assessed Pending Warrenton State-Owned 192 Assessed and Activated approved Kimberley Private 6 6 Not assessed Pending Kimberley Private 22 22 Not assessed Pending Warrenton State-Owned 50 Assessed and Activated approved Kimberley State-Owned 171 Not assessed Pending Kimberley Private 1 30 Not assessed Pending Warrenton State-Owned 2 4 Assessed and Pending approved Kimberley State-Owned 2 4 Assessed and Pending approved TOTAL 237 959

3.2 Poverty Dimensions In 2019, there were 203 383 people living in poverty, using the lower poverty line definition, across Frances Baard District Municipality, this is 24.78% higher than the 153 196 in 2009. The percentage of people living in poverty has increased from 59.83% in 2009 to 62.42% in 2019, which indicates a increase of 2.59 percentage points. Specific poverty pockets within the district is illustrated below:

PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT 17

3.2.1 Inequality In 2019, the Gini coefficient in Frances Baard District Municipality was at 0.613, which reflects a marginal increase in the number over the ten-year period from 2009 to 2019. The Northern Cape Province and South Africa had a Gini coefficient of 0.606 and 0.63 respectively.

The average annual income is R30 000 with 8% of the people having no income and 35% earning R20 000 and below per annum.

3.2.2 Employed/Unemployed In 2019, Frances Baard employed 117 000 people which is 33.05% of the total employment in Northern Cape Province (353 000), 0.71% of total employment in South Africa (16.4 million). Employment within Frances Baard increased annually at 18 PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT an average rate of 2.13% from 2009 to 2019. 41% of the economically active population was employed, 75% of them were in the formal sector and 12% were in the informal sector. The majority of the employed are in the community and government services sector, followed by trade, finance and households, as illustrated below.

In 2019, there were a total number of 49 400 people unemployed in Frances Baard, which is an increase of 11 500 from 37 900 in 2009. The total number of unemployed people within Frances Baard constitutes 35.92% of the total number of unemployed people in Northern Cape Province. The unemployment rate in Frances Baard District Municipality (based on the official definition of unemployment) was 30.62%, which is an increase of 0.628 percentage points. The unemployment rate in Frances Baard District Municipality is higher than that of Northern Cape. The highest unemployment rate is in Magareng (53,9%) followed by Phokwane (47,8%), Dikgatlong (44%) and Sol Plaatje (36,2%).

3.3 Crime The IHS Composite Crime Index makes use of the official SAPS data, which is reported in 27 crime categories (ranging from murder to crime injuries). These 27 categories are divided into two groups according to the nature of the crime: i.e. violent crimes and property crimes. In 2018/2019, the Frances Baard District Municipality has the highest overall crime rate of the sub-regions within the overall Northern Cape Province: PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT 19

Overall, Violent and Property Crime Index Frances Baard, Northern Cape and National Total, 2018/2019 300

250

200

150

100

50

0 Frances Baard Northern Cape National Total OverallCrime Index Violent Crime Index Property Crime Index Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1946

For the period 2008/2009 to 2018/2019 overall crime has decreased at an average annual rate of 4.35% within the Frances Baard District Municipality. However crime in all its categories remains higher than the provincial average and national averages. Of concern are property crimes which are in excess of 250 per 100 000. Nonetheless this is a 0,9% decrease between the 2008/2009 and 2018/2019 financial years. Violent crimes are also higher than the provincial and national averages however these have decreased by 4.82% since 2008/2009.

There are thirteen police stations in the France Baard District.

3.4 Educational/Skills Profile In 2018, 5% of 405 000 FBD population amounting to 19 300 had no schooling, 17% amounting to 72 300 had matric only and 6% amounting to 23 850 had post grad qualification as per the table below;

Table: Education Levels 20 PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT

Frances Northern Education Levels Baard Cape No schooling 19,300 64,300 Grade 0-2 4,850 18,300 Grade 3-6 27,400 95,900 Grade 7-9 51,000 177,000 Grade 10-11 58,100 171,000 Certificate / diploma without 1,240 3,790 matric Matric only 72,300 200,000 Matric certificate / diploma 13,300 38,200 Matric Bachelor’s degree 7,940 20,100 Matric Postgrad degree 2,610 6,170

FBD has 118 public ordinary schools, 15 Private Schools, 8 special schools, 2 FET colleges and 1 University. As per 2019 preliminary figures, with 94 531 learners and 3 086 educators for ordinary schools.

4. Divers of the Economy 4.1 Structure of the Economy With a GDP of R 36.5 billion in 2019 (up from R 19.5 billion in 2009), the Frances Baard District Municipality contributed 35.62% to the Northern Cape Province GDP of R 102 billion in 2019 increasing in the share of the Northern Cape from 35.89% in 2009. The Frances Baard District Municipality contributes 0.72% to the GDP of South Africa which had a total GDP of R 5.08 trillion in 2019 (as measured in nominal or current prices). The GDP-R growth trend is illustrated below:

Frances Baard: GDP-R growth trend

2,3% 1,3% 1,6% 0,5% 0,8% 0,6% 0,1% 0,3% 0,1%

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 -0,9%

-4,5%

The Frances Baard District Municipality's economy is made up of various industries. The GVA-R variable provides a sector breakdown, where each sector is measured in terms of its value added produced in the local economy. Gross Value Added (GVA) is PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT 21

a measure of output (total production) of a region in terms of the value that was created within that region. GVA-R Sectoral composition DC09 Frances Baard, 2019

1 Agriculture 9 Community services 31% 2 Mining

3 Manufacturing 1 Agriculture 2% 4 Electricity

5 Construction 2 Mining 7% 6 Trade 8 Finance 18% 3 Manufacturing 7 Transport 5% 4 Electricity 8 Finance 5% 9 Community 6 Trade 5 Construction services 7 Transport 13% 3% 16%

Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1946

The summary table below puts the Gross Value Added (GVA) of all the regions in perspective to that of the Frances Baard District Municipality.

For 2019 Frances Baard District Municipality has a very large comparative advantage in the transport sector. The electricity sector has a comparative advantage. The community services also have a comparative advantage when comparing it to the South Africa economy as a whole, although less prominent. The Frances Baard 22 PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT

District Municipality has a comparative disadvantage when it comes to the manufacturing and mining sector which has a large comparative disadvantage. In general mining is a very concentrated economic sector. The Frances Baard District Municipality area rates fairly well 0.803 on the LQ scale - with some mining activity in the area - on par with the national economy, but the area does not centre around the mining activity.

4.1.1 Primary Sector The primary sector consists of two broad economic sectors namely the mining and the agricultural sector. The sector that contributes the least to the economy of Frances Baard District Municipality is the agriculture sector with a contribution of R 763 million or 2.37% of the total GVA.

The following chart represents the average growth rate in the GVA for both of these sectors in Frances Baard District Municipality from 2009 to 2019.

Between 2009 and 2019, the agriculture sector experienced the highest positive growth in 2017 with an average growth rate of 11.8%. It is essential that a complementary and effective set of services are available for small farmers, notably extension workers, where the coverage and quality is poor. Models of delivery need rethinking to provide real value addition, be farmer-driven and flexible, and build on capacity in the private sector. The following issues and challenges have been identified by the respective branches of the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform: PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT 23

• Most of the transferred land is not productive and has not created economic benefits for new owners • Delays in the land restitution process has actually added to food insecurity as large tracts of arable land are out of production • Many farm owners have stopped long-term investment due to the uncertainty of the outcome of the restitution process • Community dynamics and in- fighting has also contributed to the failure of restitution projects questioning the institutional models of these projects • Inefficiency in rural financial/credit markets – Land Bank’s role not fully developmental • Lack of skills amongst the land reform beneficiaries and Agricultural Advisors – move from subsistence farming to commercial farming • High input production costs – low or negative profit margins • Low public sector investment in Agriculture

4.1.2 Secondary Sector The secondary sector consists of three broad economic sectors namely the manufacturing, electricity, and the construction sector. The following chart represents the average growth rates in the GVA for these sectors in Frances Baard District Municipality from 2009 to 2019.

24 PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT

Between 2009 and 2019, the manufacturing sector experienced the highest positive growth in 2010 with a growth rate of 7.3%.

4.1.3 Tertiary Sector The tertiary sector consists of four broad economic sectors namely the trade, transport, finance and the community services sector. The following chart represents the average growth rates in the GVA for these sectors in Frances Baard District Municipality from 2009 to 2019.

In 2019, the community services sector is the largest within Frances Baard District Municipality accounting for R 9.98 billion or 31.1% of the total GVA in the district municipality's economy. The sector that contributes the second most to the GVA of the Frances Baard District Municipality is the finance sector at 18.3%, followed by the transport sector with 15.7%.

The trade sector experienced the highest positive growth in 2011 with a growth rate of 2.8%. The transport sector reached its highest point of growth in 2014 at 2.3%. The finance sector experienced the highest growth rate in 2015 when it grew by 4.5% and recorded the lowest growth rate in 2010 at -1.2%.

PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT 25

4.1.4 Informal Sector Informal employment in Frances Baard increased from 8 390 in 2009 to an estimated 11 400 in 2019.

5. Service Delivery 5.1 Water A household is categorised according to its main access to water, as follows: Regional/local water scheme, Borehole and spring, Water tank, Dam/pool/stagnant water, River/stream and other main access to water methods. No formal piped water includes households that obtain water via water carriers and tankers, rain water, boreholes, dams, rivers and springs.

Frances Baard District had a total number of 58 700 (or 54.42%) households with piped water inside the dwelling, a total of 39 600 (36.71%) households had piped water inside the yard and a total number of 533 (0.49%) households had no formal piped water. The figure below shows access to water per house per categories

Figure: Access to Water: FBD Households by level of access to Water Frances Baard, 2008-2018 100% No formal piped 90% water

80%

70% Communal piped water: more than 60% 200m from dwelling (Below 50% RDP) Communal piped 40% water: less than 200m from 30% dwelling (At RDP- level) 20% Piped water in yard

10%

0% Frances Baard Northern Cape National Total Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1750

5.2 Sanitation Frances Baard District Municipality had a total number of 93 600 flush toilets (86.81% of total households), 2 930 Ventilation Improved Pit (VIP) (2.72% of total households) 26 PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT and 4 660 (4.33%) of total households pit toilets as per the figure below shows households with access to sanitation.

Households by type of Toilet Frances Baard, 2008-2018 100%

90% No toilet

80% Bucket system 70%

60% Pit toilet 50%

40% Ventilation Improved Pit (VIP) 30%

20% Flush toilet

10%

0% Frances Baard Northern Cape National Total Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1750

5.3 Human Settlements Frances Baard District Municipality had a total number of 52 300 (48.48% of total households) very formal dwelling units, a total of 40 200 (37.32% of total households) formal dwelling units and a total number of 9 130 (8.46% of total households) informal dwelling units as per the figure below:

PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT 27

5.4 Waste Management Frances Baard District had a total number of 81 500 (75.54%) households which had their refuse removed weekly by the authority, a total of 5 160 (4.79%) households had their refuse removed less often than weekly by the authority and a total number of 13 900 (12.93%) households which had to remove their refuse personally (own dump) as per the figure below;

5.5 Roads and Transport Accessibility in terms of road infrastructure in the district is excellent with the N8 and and other Provincial Routes linking all the major towns and rural communities. The National corridor plays an important role in moving of commodities and goods to other regions within South Africa. The north eastern region of Dikgatlong Local Municipality within the district is the only region that doesn’t have moderate to high accessibility towards other important nodes.

The Rural Road Asset Management System (RRAMS) in the district will become partly operational in 2019. FBDM is currently part of this programme initiated by the national Department of Roads. The aim of this system is to provide information about the roads 28 PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT assets in local municipalities as well as conditional assessments. This will become an important tool to lobby for funding of future roads’ projects.

Through the RRAMS programme it has already been established that there are about 2 085 km of gravel roads and about 975 km of paved roads as part of the municipalities’ street networks. FBDM’s grader operating team assist with maintenance of gravel streets in the local municipalities.

5.6 Electricity Households are distributed into 3 electricity usage categories: Households using electricity for cooking, Households using electricity for heating, households using electricity for lighting. Household using solar power are included as part of households with an electrical connection. This time series categorises households in a region according to their access to electricity (electrical connection).

Frances Baard District had a total number of 2 070 (1.92%) households with electricity for lighting only, a total of 97 000 (89.96%) households had electricity for lighting and other purposes and a total number of 8 760 (8.13%) households did not use electricity as per the figure below:

Households by electricity usage Frances Baard, 2008-2018 100%

90% Not using 80% electricity 70% 60% Electricity for 50% lighting and 40% other purposes 30% 20% Electricity for lighting only 10% 0% Frances Baard Northern Cape National Total Source: IHS Markit Regional eXplorer version 1750

PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT 29

6. Government and Management 6.1 Municipal Perfomance The Audit Outcomes for the District and its locals over the past four years is illustrated below:

Municipality 2017/18 2016/17 2015/16 2014/15 Dikgatlong Audit not finalised Qualified Qualified Disclaimer Magareng Qualified Qualified Qualified Disclaimer Phokwane Audit not finalised Disclaimer Disclaimer Disclaimer Sol Plaatjie Qualified Unqualified Unqualified Unqualified Frances Baard Unqualified Unqualified Clean Audit Clean Audit

The Municipal Structures Act (section 18(2)) provides that a municipal council must meet at least once quarterly. The objective of the municipal council is to provide democratic and accountable government for local communities; to ensure the provision of services to communities in a sustainable manner; to promote social and economic development and to promote a safe and healthy environment. The following table illustrates the frequency of council meetings held on quarterly basis for the 2018/19 financial period. Table: Frequency of Council meetings per quarter (Jul 18 - Jun 19)

Council meetings Submission rate Municipality Name ( Jul 18- Jun 19) Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Total Frances Braad District Municipality 12 2 2 1 2 7

Sol Plaatjie Local Municipality 11 1 2 2 1 6

Magareng Local Municipality 4 - - 3 - 3

Dikgatlong Local Municipality 6 1 1 1 2 5 Total 33 4 5 7 5 21

Municipalities that reported the expected number of meetings are Frances Braad district, Sol Plaatjie and Dikgatlong local municipalities which indicated having held Council meetings in all 4 quarters. Municipality that did not comply or report on Council meetings was Magareng local municipality, which reported only in quarter 3. Overall, based on the reported information three of the municipalities complied with the requirement regarding the frequency of Council meetings.

The total budgeted capital expenditure for the District is ilustrated in the graph below: 30 PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT

Frances Baard: Budgeted 2019/20 Capex

Land - Transport Assets 6 000 Machinery and Equipment 376 Furn and Office Equipment 3 456 Computer Equipment 6 030 Intangible Assets 505 Other Assets 2 055 Investment Properties 2 000 Community Assets 12 668 Inform and Comm Infrastr - Solid Waste Infrastr - Sanitation Infrastr 99 806 Water Supply Infrastr 47 924 Electircal Infrastr 61 956 Storm Water Infrastr - Roads Infrastr 75 845

The following graph illustrates the revenue generated and expenditure of the Districts in the Northern Cape, indicating that Frances Baard was running a surplus during the 2019/20 financial year. Northen Cape Districts' Revenue/Expenditure 2019/20

R7 579 497 012 Northern Cape R7 717 568 072

R3 017 276 335 Frances Baard R2 951 960 739

R1 521 506 687 ZF Mgcawu (Siyanda) R1 524 604 815

R1 049 813 481 Pixley ka Seme R1 143 665 547

R703 394 713 Namakwa R838 764 024

R1 287 505 796 John Taolo Gaetsewe (Kgalagadi) R1 258 572 947

R0 R4 000 000 000 R8 000 000 000

Total Revenue Total Expenditure

6.2 Municipal Capacity The following skills gaps were informed by data collected via surveys during provincial consultations and are ranked in the order of the top 10 and not based on the number of interventions.

PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT 31

Frances Baard District Municipality Skills Gaps (Critical/Top Up Skills)

6.3 Traditional Affairs Governance The Khoi-San consists of five main groupings namely the Cape-Khoi, Griqua, Koranna, Nama and San. Many of these main groupings have various subgroupings. While legislation has over many decades made provision for the statutory recognition of traditional communities and leaders, there has never before been provision for similar recognition of the Khoi-San communities and leaders.

The Traditional and Khoi-San Leadership Act, 2019 (Act No. 3 of 2019), which was published in the Government Gazette on 28 November 2019, is of historic value as it is the first legislation that provides for the statutory recognition of the Khoi-San communities and leaders, provided they meet the criteria contained in the Act.

There is thus currently no legally recognised Khoi-San communities or leaders in South Africa. The Act makes provision for two Khoi-San leadership positions namely senior Khoi-San leaders and branch heads. The recognised senior Khoi-San leaders 32 PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT will have personal jurisdiction over their communities. It is important to recognise that the effects of remain writ large through our country. Historically, traditional authority areas and areas in which homelands were designated were particularly underdeveloped. The following figure indicates: • Frances Baard has 8 wards in which there are traditional authorities; • Traditional authorities are found in 37% of the land coverage of the municipality; and • 91% of land in the municipality was previously part of a homeland.

The following table illustrates the total number of traditional councils reported by the municipalities in their jurisdiction and the participation rate of these in Council meetings.

Table: Total number of Traditional Councils and the number of those that participate in Council meetings

Jul-Dec 2018 Jan-Jun 2019 Submission rate # of # traditional # of # traditional Municipality Name (Jul 18 – Jun 19) traditional leaders traditional leaders leaders participated leaders participated Frances Braad District Municipality 12 1 - - -

Sol Plaatjie Local Municipality 11 1 - - -

Magareng Local Municipality 4 - - 3 3

Dikgatlong Local Municipality 6 3 3 3 3

Total 33 5 3 6 6

Dikgatlong local municipality reported consistently over the reporting period 2018/19 FY on the number of traditional leaders and participated in Council meetings. Magareng local municipality reported in Jan-Jun 2019 on the total number of traditional leaders and participated in Council meetings.

Frances Braad district and Sol Plaatjie reported on the number of traditional leaders in Jul-Dec 2018 but did not indicate on the number of traditional leaders participated in Council meetings. PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT 33

7. Projects to diversify and grow People and the Economy 7.1 Social Development Projects The Frances Baard focuses on youth development and the IDP iodentifies the following project:

7.2 Spatial Development The Frances Baard SDF proposed several development corridors which include road, rail, mining, tourism and agriculture corridors. Refer to the diagram below:

The Frances Baard 2019/20 IDP identified the following spatial development projects: 34 PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT

7.3 Infrastructure Projects The Northern Cape PSDF (2019:P 164) propose integrated sustainable human settlements through the following policy priorities:

• Accelerate the upgrading of informal settlements; • Prioritise the regeneration of inner cities preventing urban decay; • Provide additional options for accessing urban opportunities; • Promote densification including support for back-yarding; • Regenerate townships through precinct development planning initiatives; • Support inclusionary housing; • Identify and fast track land for settlement interventions; • Promote spatial clustering’s by the identification of centrally located service areas in rural settlements. • Applying urban design principles; and • Transform public spaces into safe places of community life.

The Frances Baard 2019/20 IDP identified the following infrastructure support projects:

PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT 35

7.4 Economic Projects The National Department of Rural Development and Land Reform (DRDLR) commissioned a Master Agri-Park Business Plan per district municipality. It was recommended that: • The Vaalharts water scheme be expanded towards the south of the District in order to unlock potential on high agricultural land. • Existing infrastructure such as agro-processing plants, silos, etc. Should be maintained and utilised in full by all, thus ensuring unnecessary capital expenditure within the district, the funds should rather be spent for access purposes to all to make a contribution towards the Agri-Park initiative. • Proper planning and strategies should be put in place by local authorities before just taking over decommissioned mine land to ensure the area incorporated into the municipal infrastructure can be done in such a way that it doesn’t become a burden on the local authority but rather an asset. • Asset management of existing canals and the maintenance of infrastructure will ensure that the agricultural sector within the scheme areas will have water resources available which will ultimately help protect food security. • Due to climate change and drought within South Africa in a whole the management of water resources is especially important. The underground water table plays a very important role within the district with vast numbers of farmers and communities involved within the agricultural sector making use of boreholes and wind pumps to irrigate their land as well as providing water to their livestock. • Establish agro-processing Parks in Phokwane and Dikgatlong modeled on the success of the SMME village in Sol Plaatje • Modify and undertake council adoption of incentives and support measures. • Ensure sufficient provision of serviced industrial space/estates within the local municipalities for potential investors • Address inaccessibility of information regarding sector opportunities. • The upgrading and maintenance of all water infrastructure, especially the canals that provide water for irrigation purposes as well as other economic sectors such as mining and commercial industries. • Efficient use of natural ground water in the more arid regions of the District. • Upgrading and maintenance of existing basic infrastructure to maintain and approve the basic services to all households within the district. • Upgrading of wastewater treatment works in order to prevent overflow of raw sewerage. • Promoting fencing of agricultural production areas 36 PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT

• The development of transport distribution hubs, enhancing and marketing alternative link routes between Gauteng and Cape Town • Develop a nature-based tourism focus in the rural areas. The district has an abundance of scenic beauty with many of the towns offering some form of attraction. • Agri-tourism could be a viable, alternative agricultural enterprise for farming communities. Producers in the farming areas cab begin to embrace agri- tourism, and should commence with offering hiking trails, mountain bike routes, horse riding, and a variety of accommodation options on their farms. • Incorporating wildlife and conservation aspects into farm tours will also help to create awareness of Frances Baard’s biodiversity and illustrate how farmers are looking after the land for the benefit of future generations.

The Frances Baard District identified the following Tourism projects to support economic development in the district:

7.5 Environmental Forecast Chapter Six of the Northern Cape Spatial Development Framework (NCSDF) has delineated various environmental issues, including, but not limited to the biosphere, habitat change, biodiversity protection, local biome, centres of endemism, land transformation, alien invasive species, unsustainable use of resources, over grazing, harvesting of natural resources, predator control, critical biodiversity areas, environmental sensitive areas, land cover, atmospheric conditions and pollution levels, climate change, fire risk day increases, solar energy potential and risks, hydrosphere and marine protected areas, geo hazards such as sinkholes and erosion, minerals and mining, water, water rights, tourism and vulnerability within the Northern Cape.

Table: Climate Change vulnerability: PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT 37

Source: NC Provincial Report On Socio-Economic Challenges 2019

Climate change will have an impact on water, agriculture and many other human activities. Some 39 key impacts have been identified. The next table provides a summary of the key issues noted by municipalities in the district when analysing the impacts of climate change1. These 39 potential impacts and the degree to which they could affect specific districts is recorded. The first column of the table below shows how many of the 44 districts indicated whether the impact needs to be planned for, with the second column showing the percentage of districts so affected. The third column indicates for this district whether or not it rated it as a critical issue for consideration:

Climate Change # Districts %Districts DC09 Impact 1 Increased risks to 28 63,6 Yes livestock 5 Loss of High Priority 26 59,1 Yes Biomes 2 Decreased water 27 61,4 Yes quality in ecosystem due to floods and droughts 3 Less water available 28 63,6 Yes for irrigation and drinking 4 Decreased quality of 14 31,8 Yes drinking water 17 Change in other 13 29,5 Yes crop production areas

1 Department of Environmental Affairs 2018. Local Government Climate Change Support Program (LGCCSP) District Municipality Priority Climate Change Indicators.

38 PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT

Climate Change # Districts %Districts DC09 Impact (e.g. vegetables, nuts, etc.) 7 Increased impacts 23 52,3 Yes on traditional and informal dwellings 10 Increased 19 43,2 Yes Occupational health problems 11 Increased impacts 17 38,6 Yes on strategic infrastructure 12 Increased impacts 17 38,6 Yes on environment due to land-use change 14 Increased heat 15 34,1 Yes stress 26 Increased air 8 18,2 Yes pollution

8. Key Recommendations 8.1 Prioritise Integrated Development Plan That the District strengthens its focus on public cleansing and environmnetal health function support to the local municipalities, particularly:

• New cemeteries are developed to incorporate the number of people within towns and all planning and environmental legislation must be followed to ensure that the body decomposing process and human waste don’t poison or affect the natural water resources and tables that are crucial for the district to cultivate crops.

8.2 Investor and Sponsorship Opportunities

The active involvement of the Northern Cape Economic, Small Business Development, Tourism and Environmental Affairs Department to promote tourism and economic opportunities for rural communities within the Northern Cape.

PROFILE: FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT 39