A History of the Kimberley Africana Library
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Fig. 1: JL Lieb: A map of the Griqua territory and part of the Bechuana country of South Africa, 1830 (M029) THE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE KIMBERLEY AFRICANA LIBRARYAND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE KIMBERLEY PUBLIC LIBRARY by ROSEMARY JEAN HOLLOWAY submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF INFORMATION SCIENCE at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR : PROFESSOR T B VAN DER WALT SEPTEMBER 2009 i TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD SUMMARY ABBREVIATIONS CHAPTER 1 The history and development of the Kimberley Africana Library and its relationship with the Kimberley Public Library 1.1 Introduction ……….. ……….. ………. 1 1.2 Background to the study ……….. ……….. ………. 2 1.3 The aim, purpose and value of the study ……….. ………. 7 1.4 Delimitation ……….. ……….. ………. 9 1.5 Explanation of relevant concepts ……. ……….. ………. 11 1.6 Methodology and outline of the study ……….. ………. 12 CHAPTER 2 The Kimberley Public Library/Africana Library within an environmental perspective 2.1 Introduction ……….. ………… ………. 18 2.2 The land and the people ……….. ………… ………. 18 2.3 Politics and the economy ……….. ………… ………. 29 2.3.1 Kimberley and the growth of the South African economy ……….. ………… ……….. 30 2.3.2 Kimberley and local politics … ………… ……….. 32 2.3.3 British hegemony in South Africa and territorial claims ……….. ………… ……….. 33 2.3.4 From mining camp to a town .. ………… ……….. 35 2.3.5 The illicit trade in diamonds … ………… ……….. 36 2.3.6 International economic and political events to affect Kimberley ………… ………… ……….. 37 2.3.7 Conclusion ………... ………… ……….. 43 ii CHAPTER 3 The Kimberley Public Library within the context of the development of public libraries in South Africa 3.1 Introduction ………… ………… ……….. .45 3.2 The development of public libraries in South Africa … ……….. .47 3.2.1 The First Period: 1818 – 1874 ………… .……….. 48 3.2.1.1 The Molteno Regulations of 1874 ……. ………... 48 3.2.2 The Second Period: 1874 – 1928 ……….. ………... 51 3.2.2.1 The Carnegie Commission of 1928 …. ………... 52 3.2.2.2 The 1928 Bloemfontein Conference … ……...… 57 3.2.3 The Third Period: 1928 -1955 ……….. ……....... 60 3.2.3.1 Results of the Bloemfontein Conference ………... 60 3.2.3.1.1 Formation of the South African Library Association (SALA) in 1930 ……….... 60 3.2.3.1.2 The establishment of free libraries..........63 3.2.3.1.3 Training of librarians ………… 66 3.2.3.2 The Interdepartmental Committee on Libraries in the Union of South Africa (IDC) ………… 68 3.2.3.2.1 Consultative Committee discussion of IDC Report ………… 71 3.2.3.2.2 Parliamentary Debate on IDC Report: 1941 .………... 72 3.2.3.2.3 Post IDC developments in the library movement in South Africa ………… 73 3.2.3.2.4 Nature of holdings in South African libraries ……….. ………… 73 3.2.4 The establishment of the Cape Branch of South African Library Association …. 74 3.2.5 The Fourth Period: 1955 – 1994 ………… …………. 79 3.2.5.1 The Cape Provincial Library Service Ordinance No 4 of 1955 ……….. …………. 79 iii 3.2.5.2 National Conference of Library authorities of 1962 …..……... 82 3.2.5.3 The development of the information system in South Africa ………… …………. 84 3.2.6 The Fifth Period: 1994 – 2008 ………… …………. 89 3.2.6.1 Public Libraries in the ‘new’ South Africa …………. 89 3.2.6.2 The Northern Cape Province …………. …………. 90 3.2.6.3 The Transitional Executive Committee …………. 92 3.3 Conclusion ………. ………. ………… …….…… 93 CHAPTER 4 The development of the Kimberley Public Library as a Subscription Library: 1882 – 1960 4.1 Introduction ……….. ..………… ………..…. 95 4.2 The development of the library building, grounds and facilities ……….. 96 4.3 The management and staff ……….. …………. ………….. 107 4.3.1 The Kimberley Public Library Committee ……. ……….…. 107 4.3.2 The personnel ……….. …………. ………….. 113 4.3.3 Negotiations regarding transfer of Kimberley Public Library to Cape Provincial Library Service : 1956 – 1960 …...114 4.4 Subscribers ………… …………. ………….. 117 4.4.1 Nature of Subscribers ………… …………. ………….. 117 4.4.2 Membership ………… …………. ………….. 120 4.4.3 Membership: Coloured and African members of the Kimberley community ………… …………. ………….. 122 4.4.4 Membership: Other communities …………. ………….. 125 4.5 Role of the Kimberley Public Library in the community ………….. 127 4.5.1 Extension of facilities to the general public ………. ………….. 127 4.5.2 In good times and in bad …….... …………. ………….. 128 4.6 Bookstock ………… …………. ………….. 138 4.6.1 Nature of collections …………. …………. ………….. 138 4.6.2 Sources ………… …………. ………….. 141 4.6.3 Care of the collections ………... …………. ………….. 144 4.7 Finance …………. ………….. ………’…. 147 4.8 Conclusion …………. ………….. ……….…. 151 iv CHAPTER 5 The development of the Kimberley Public Library as a free library under the jurisdiction of the Kimberley Municipality and affiliated to the Cape Provincial Library Service: 1960 – 1984 5.1 Introduction ……….. ………… ………….. 153 5.2 Building, grounds and garden ……….. ………… ………..… 153 5.3 Management ……….. …………. ………..… 160 5.3.1 Kimberley Public Library Advisory Committee ……….…. 161 5.3.2 Constitution of the Kimberley Public Library Advisory Committee ………….. ………….. 166 5.3.3 Personnel ……….. …………. ………….. 170 5.4 Users of the Kimberley Public Library’s free library service ………….. 173 5.4.1 Nature of the membership ……….. …………. ……..…… 173 5.4.2 Membership ……….. …………. ……….…. 174 5.4.2.1 Membership: African, Coloured and Indian members of the community …………. …….……. 175 5.5 Role of the Kimberley Public Library in the community …….……. 178 5.5.1 Library service for adults ……. ………..... …….……. 178 5.5.2 Children’s library ……….. …………. ….………. 179 5.5.3 Exhibitions and displays …….. …………. ….………. 179 5.5.4 Library services to residents of Homes for the Aged and other institutions ... ………… ……….…. 182 5.5.5 Service to schools, scholars and students ……... ……….…. 182 5.5.6 The Kimberley Public Library as a venue for local cultural activities ……. …………. ……….…. 183 5.5.7 The Kimberley Public Library as a tourist attraction …….……. 183 5.6 Library material ……….. …………. ……….…. 184 5.7 Finance ……….. …………. ………….. 186 5.8 Conclusion ……….. …………. ……….…. 187 v CHAPTER 6 The birth of the Kimberley Africana Library and its development: 1986 – 2008 6.1 Introduction ………… ………… ………….. 191 6.2 Building ………… ………… ……..…… 192 6.3 Management ………… …………. ……..…… 195 6.3.1 Library Advisory Committee .… …………. ……..…… 195 6.3.2 Personnel ………… …………. ……..….… 200 6.4 Role of the Africana Library as a research facility and tourist attraction ………… ………….. ………..…. 202 6.5 Collections ………… ………….. ……..……. 206 6.6 Finance ………… ………….. ……..……. 208 6.6.1 Auxiliary bodies ………… ………….. ……..……. 209 6.6.1.1 Kimberley Africana Library Friends (KALF) …... 209 6.6.1.2 Africana Library Trust ………….. ………..…. 211 6.7 Conclusion ………… ………….. ………..…. 213 CHAPTER 7 The collections: their source, scope and preservation 7.1 Introduction ……….. ………… ………...… 215 7.2 The origin of the collection ……….. ………… ……...…… 217 7.2.1 The collections and their sources ………… ……...…… 217 7.2.2 Scope of the collections ………. ………… ………...… 228 7.2.2.1 Books ………… ………… ………...… 229 7.2.2.1.1 Early European printing … ………...… 229 7.2.2.1.2 The first Cape printed works (1800-1837) ………… …………… 230 7.2.2.1.3 Early travellers and explorers in the region ………….. …………… 232 7.2.2.1.4 Missionary activities and the birth of printing in indigenous languages ….... 235 vi 7.2.2.1.5 The discovery of diamonds and the history of the Diamond Fields and Kimberley ……….. ………….... 238 7.2.2.1.6 The Anglo-Boer War and the Siege of Kimberley ……….. …… 241 7.2.2.2 Manuscripts ……….. …………… 242 7.2.2.3 Maps ………… ……….. …………… 245 7.2.2.4 Newspapers ……….. …………… 249 7.2.2.5 Photographs ……….. …………… 250 7.2.2.6 Works of art ……….. …………… 251 7.2.3 Preservation of the collections …… ……….. …………… 255 7.3 Conclusion ……….. ………… ……….. ………….... 257 CHAPTER 8 Conclusion 8.1 An overview ……….. ………… ………..….. 259 8.2 Measures adopted to relieve the personnel and financial position of the Kimberley Africana Library ………… …………… 267 8.2.1. Voluntary workers ……….. ………… …………… 267 8.2.2 Funding ……….. ………… …………… 267 8.3 Quo Vadis? Kimberley Africana Library ………… …………… 267 8.4 Recommendations ……….. ………… …………… 270 SOURCES CONSULTED ……….. …………. …………… 273 vii APPENDIX ……….. ………… ………….… 281 The founders and the builders 1. Introduction ………… …………. ………….… 281 2. The Hon Mr Justice Perceval Maitland Laurence (1854-1930) ……....…. 282 3. Moses Cornwall (1841-1906) ………… …………. ……………. 289 4. Bertram Laslett Dyer (1868-1908) … …………. ……………. 292 5. John Gow Ross (1869-1947) … …………. ……………. 295 6. Olive Grant Vigne McIntyre (1899-1990) …………. ……………. 299 7. Judy A Scott (Hoare) (1932- ) … …………. ……………. 301 8. Muriel Macey (1926-2004) ………… …………. ……………. 304 9. Fébé van Niekerk (1929- ) ………… …………. ……………. 305 10. Cornelia ‘Kokkie’ Duminy (1943 - ) …………. ……………. 306 11. Conclusion ………… …………. ……………. 309 viii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig 1 JL Lieb: A map of the Griqua territory and part of the Bechuana country of South Africa, 1830 ……….. Frontispiece Fig 2 Diggers on the Diamond Fields, c1872 ……….. 23 Fig 3 New Rush (Kimberley), 1871 ……….. ……….. 24 Fig 4 The Kimberley Mine, c1872 ……….. ……….. 24 Fig 5 ‘Long Cecil’ manufactured in the De Beers Workshops, 1900 ……… ……….. 39 Fig 6 Solomon Tshekisho Plaatje ……….. ……….. 60 Fig 7 The first building occupied by the Kimberley Public Library in New Main Street ………… 96 Fig 8 The ‘new’ Kimberley Public Library building in Dutoitspan Road, 1887 ……….. ……….. 97 Fig 9 Cast iron spiral staircase and balcony in main reading room ……….… ………. ……….. 98 Fig 10 Dutoitspan Road with the new Library building in the right foreground, 1888 ……….. ……….. 99 Fig 11 The Public Library garden, c1912 ……….. ……….. 102 Fig