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Their War Against Education” Armed Group Attacks on Teachers, Students, and Schools in Burkina Faso WATCH

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Their War Against Education” Armed Group Attacks on Teachers, Students, and Schools in Burkina Faso WATCH HUMAN RIGHTS “Their War Against Education” Armed Group Attacks on Teachers, Students, and Schools in Burkina Faso WATCH “Their War Against Education” Armed Group Attacks on Teachers, Students, and Schools in Burkina Faso Copyright © 2020 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-62313-8240 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org MAY 2020 ISBN: 978-1-62313-8240 “Their War Against Education” Armed Group Attacks on Teachers, Students, and Schools in Burkina Faso Map .................................................................................................................................. i Terminology .................................................................................................................... ii Summary ......................................................................................................................... 1 Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 10 To the Burkinabè Government ................................................................................................. 10 To the Burkinabè Defense and Security Forces ........................................................................ 11 To the Ministry of Education .................................................................................................... 12 To the Ministries of Education and Humanitarian Action .......................................................... 13 To the Ministry of Justice ......................................................................................................... 14 To Armed Islamist Groups in Burkina Faso ............................................................................... 14 To Burkina Faso’s International and Regional Partners ............................................................ 14 To the United Nations ............................................................................................................. 15 Methodology ................................................................................................................. 16 I. Conflict and Education in Burkina Faso ........................................................................ 18 Spreading Armed Islamist Activity ........................................................................................... 18 Education in Burkina Faso ..................................................................................................... 20 Negative Consequences of the Conflict on the Education System ............................................ 23 II. Perpetrators of Attacks on Teachers, Students and Schools ....................................... 25 III. Attacks on Teachers and Education Professionals ..................................................... 28 Targeted Killings .................................................................................................................... 29 February 2020 (Nord): School Administrator Abducted, Killed ........................................... 30 December 2019 (Est): Village Chief, a Volunteer Teacher, Killed ........................................ 30 October 2019 (Sahel/Nord): Principal Abducted, Killed ..................................................... 32 April 2019 (Centre-Est): Five Teachers Killed in School ...................................................... 32 April 2019 (Sahel): Three School Construction Workers Killed ........................................... 34 March 2019 (Sahel): Two Teachers Abducted, Killed ......................................................... 34 November 2017 (Nord): Three Teachers Shot, One Killed ................................................... 35 March 2017 (Sahel): Principal Killed ................................................................................. 36 Abduction and Assault ............................................................................................................ 36 January 2020 (Est): Two Teachers Abducted, Robbed, and Beaten ..................................... 37 December 2019 (Boucle du Mouhoun): Two School Employees Threatened, One Beaten ... 38 November 2019 (Boucle du Mouhoun): Principal Abducted ............................................... 39 October 2019 (Sahel): Two Teachers Assaulted, Schools Burned ...................................... 40 April 2019 (Est): Three Teachers Abducted ........................................................................ 41 November 2018 (Nord): Five School Employees Beaten ..................................................... 42 May 2018 (Centre-Nord): Principal Assaulted, Residence Burned ...................................... 43 April 2018 (Sahel): Two-Month Abduction of Teacher ........................................................ 44 Threats and Intimidation ......................................................................................................... 45 Detained on the Road ....................................................................................................... 45 Visits to Residences ........................................................................................................ 46 Threats in Front of Villagers ............................................................................................. 46 IV. Attacks and Abuses Against Students ....................................................................... 48 Students Killed and Injured During Attacks ............................................................................ 48 January 2020 (Boucle du Mouhoun): Seven Students Killed in IED Attack ......................... 48 April 2019 (Boucle du Mouhoun): Student Injured in Attack Near School ........................... 51 April 2018 (Sahel): Student Killed in Attack at School ....................................................... 51 Intimidation and Harassment of Students ............................................................................... 51 V. Attacks on Schools .................................................................................................... 53 Attacks During Class Time ....................................................................................................... 55 January 2020 (Est): Five Schools Attacked ........................................................................ 56 October 2019 (Boucle du Mouhoun): Two Schools Attacked .............................................. 56 April 2019 (Centre-Nord): Attack on High School ............................................................... 57 April 2018 (Sahel): Attack on Middle School ..................................................................... 59 Threatening Raids During Class ....................................................................................... 60 Other Schools Destroyed, Damaged, and Pillaged ................................................................... 61 Schools Damaged by Explosives ....................................................................................... 63 Threatening Notes .................................................................................................................. 65 VI. Military Use of Schools ............................................................................................. 67 Burkinabè Security Forces’ Use of Schools .............................................................................. 70 Centre-Nord Region .......................................................................................................... 70 Sahel Region .................................................................................................................... 73 Schools Attacked Due to Military Use ...................................................................................... 73 Armed Islamist Groups’ Use of Schools ................................................................................... 74 VII. Negative Consequences for Students and Teachers .................................................. 76 Psychosocial, Physical, and Financial Consequences for Teachers .......................................... 76 Psychosocial Consequences for Students ............................................................................... 78 Fear-Induced Withdrawals from School ................................................................................... 79 Decreased Quality of Education and Students Falling Behind ................................................. 80 Accessing Alternative Schools: Risks for Children Traveling, Living Alone ................................ 81 Increased Child Labor ............................................................................................................. 83
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