ECONOMIC DISCUSSION PAPERS Efficiency Series Paper 10/2002 What does “Privatization” do for Efficiency? Evidence from Argentina and Brazil’s Railways Antonio Estache, Marianela González y Lourdes Trujillo Departamento de Economía Universidad de Oviedo Available online at: www.uniovi.es/economia/edp.htm UNIVERSIDAD DE OVIEDO DEPARTAMENTO DE ECONOMÍA PERMANENT SEMINAR ON EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY WHAT DOES “PRIVATIZATION” DO FOR EFFICIENCY? EVIDENCE FROM ARGENTINA AND BRAZIL’S RAILWAYS Antonio Estache§, Marianela Gonzálezª and Lourdes Trujilloª Efficiency Series Paper 2002/10 Abstract Railway restructuring and privatization has now become a mainstream policy option in many developing countries. This paper provides the first analysis of the efficiency payoffs of railway reform for a couple of developing countries, Argentina and Brazil. We track down the evolution of the performance of the private operators in both countries since reform, compare with the pre- reform performance when possible, distinguishing between the output and input sources of efficiency changes. This is done by computing the total factor productivity (TFP) of each business unit since the regulators started collecting enough data. Keywords: privatization, regulation, efficiency, railway, Argentina, Brazil. § World Bank Institute (Washington DC), and ECARES, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, ª Departamento de Análisis Económico Aplicado, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. ª Departamento de Análisis Económico Aplicado, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. E-mails:
[email protected],
[email protected],
[email protected]. 1 1. Introduction Railway restructuring and privatization has now become a mainstream policy option in many developing countries that are reforming their transport sectors. In most countries, the main goal is to obtain private financing for much-needed rehabilitation while promoting competition in the sector and relying on a management that is subject to little political interference.