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Hey Ladies! Time to Move on from Composers to Instruments… After All

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Hey Ladies! Time to Move on from Composers to Instruments… After All Hey ladies! Time to move on from composers to instruments… after all… someone had to play the music that those guys wrote! So first you will be introduced to the four families and their instruments, then the orchestra and its layout. There are some worksheets you must complete to help you familiarise yourself with this work. We will mark it at our lesson in 2 weeks time. There are also plenty of awesome videos on YouTube where they show you how these instruments are made. So if you want to, (not compulsory!) go check it out! Type in: How ……. (instrument) is made I have also included African and Indian Music as well as Western Form (Sonata Form, Concerto and Symphony) Stay healthy and safe! Mrs. fin Instrument families All instruments are divided into four different categories, based on: String Brass Instruments Instruments Woodwind Percussion Instruments Instruments Find the Instrument instruments Wordsearch listed below the wordsearch Flute Harmonica Recorder Oboe Trombone Guitar Viola Cornet Saxophone Bazooka Accordian Trumpet Panpipe Clarinet Bagpipe Zither Piccalo Ocarina Fiddle Snare The smaller the instrument, the Brass higher it plays. Instruments The bigger the instrument the lower it plays. A brass instrument is a musical instrument that you play by vibrating your lips into a mouthpiece (that is placed against your mouth) to pro- duce high or low notes (this is called buzzing). No sound will come out if you just blow air through it! Interestingly, it does not matter whether the instrument are made of brass, as long as it works the way explained above. Brass instruments can be gold, rose gold or silver in colour. Trombone List any other instruments considered to be Brass Instruments French Horn Trumpet Tuba Single reed: Clarinet, Woodwind Saxophone Instruments Double reed: Oboe, Bassoon Woodwinds are a type of musical instrument that produces sound when a musician blows air into or across the mouthpiece. Mouthpieces are placed inside the mouth and air is blown into the mouthpiece (with the exception of the flute, which is played blowing air down into the mouthpiece which is placed against the bottom lip). They get their name from the fact that most of them were once made of wood. Today they are made of other materials which includes metal or plastic. List any other instruments considered to be Woodwind Instruments Flute Bassoon Alto Saxophone Oboe Clarinet Fine bows for vio- lins can use up to String 150 horse hairs. Instruments All stringed instruments produce a sound by strings vibrating. Musicians do this by rubbing a bow against them, striking them, or plucking them. There are three ways that strings can produce different notes: • Length - Longer strings vibrate slower making a lower note than shorter strings. • Weight - Heavy, thick strings make lower notes than lighter, thin strings. • Tightness - A tight string makes a higher sound than a loose string. The strings are usually made from nylon thread or steel wire. DID YOU KNOW: Most civilizations have produced some kind of stringed instrument. Bow List any other instruments considered to be String Instruments Violin Cello Viola Harp Guitar Double Bass Confusing Fact: The piano and harp can be classified as Percussion either a String or as a Percussion Instruments instrument! Percussion instruments are musical instruments that generally are used to establish rhythm (that is why they are also called the rhythm section). Percus- sion instruments make a sound when they are struck, shaken, scraped, plucked, or rubbed. Some percussion instruments can play melodies. These are called tuned percussion instruments. They include: xylophone, glockenspiel, vibra- phone, tubular bells and timpani. Untuned percussion instruments include: bass drum, side drum (snare drum), maracas, castanets, cymbals, tambourine, claves and many more. Xylophone List any other instruments considered to be Woodwind Instruments Maracas Drums Piano Tambourine Triangle Cymbals Mix Match Colour in the instrument bubbles using the code below: * String Instruments - Yellow * Percussion Instruments - Red * Woodwind Instruments - Blue * Brass Instruments - Green Jumbled . Noise The oboe and bassoon uses Clue 1 Clue 6 this reed. Embouchure Single Reed Brass instrument players must do this with their lips to make a sound. The way in which a player Clue 2 Clue 7 applies their mouth to the Tuned Untuned mouthpiece. Percussion Percussion Uses 150 strands of horse hair. Use the clue cards to ? These rhythm instruments can Clue 3 Clue 8 play different notes. Double Reed Buzzing Big instruments produces a ... Lower notes on a string instru- Clue 4 Clue 9 ment is produced by a... Violin Bow Low Sound The player of this instrument blows down to make a sound. Clue 5 Clue 10 The timpani is an example of... Thick String Flute The clarinet and saxophone answer the questions and write down the number uses this reed. Do you know your definitions The Orchestra An orchestra is a large group of musicians who play together on a variety of string, wind and percussion instruments. A large orchestra is sometimes called a symphony orches- tra (about 100 players) and a small orchestra is called a chamber orchestra (between 30 and 40 players). The number of players will depend on what music they are playing and the size of the stage where they are playing. Leading the group of musicians in the conductor. He/she helps the players to play together, to get the right balance so that everything can be heard clearly, and to encour- age the orchestra to play with the same kind of feeling The instruments of the orchestra are organized into families and that is how they sit in the orchestra. Build it Can you fill in where the different instruments of the orchestra sits? Also colour in the different instrument families using the following colours. Read the story for some clues! As the Meastra (female conductor) of your very own orchestra it is important to know where your sections sit so you can help them while playing the pieces. Colour in the Brass, the Woodwinds, the Strings and the Percussion From left to right we start in the front with the smallest string instruments and move over to the biggest string instruments. The harpist sits in her own little block! The Flutes and oboes sits behind the violas and behind them is the clarinets and bassoons. In the second back row we have the French horns, Trumpets, Trombones and Tubas, all in one row! Lastly,, we have the loudest section of them all! Listening list Did you listen to the following songs? There will be an assessment on listening skills where you will have to identify wether its solo instrument with accompaniment or only orchestral, and if orchestral, which instrument group plays the melodic line. G O O D L U C K … A N D HAPPY LISTENING (These are examples of what I will give you in the assessment— listen carefully—its best to close your eyes and trust your ears!) Orchestral Solo—accompanied 1. Pirates of the Caribbean 1. Clarinet https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6zTc2hD2npA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0CCo4Eoj88 2. Rhapsody in Blue 2. Guitar https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ynEOo28lsbc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6AZy-gEnXrk 3. Romeo and Juliet 3. Trombone https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Od7gx3Dc-U https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nV_uKxGPF_I Solo—Unaccompanied Solo & Orchestra 1. French Horn: 1. Alto Saxophone https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UQ-D8_q-Abs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XGL7cs8mf0A 2. Flute 2. Violin https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jG-Jyj25ieo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WPi7LrQ1rNg 3. Cello 3. Trumpet https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aA0MHmwsq8U https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B1eyZAedhY4 What do you think—Where does Bolero fit in? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dZDiaRZy0Ak _________________________________________________ What is THAT A S y m p h o n y A symphony is a musical composition usually written A C o n c e r t o by composers for orchestra. It is a work usually con- A Concerto (plural concerti or concertos), is sisting of three to four movements, with the first move- a musical composition for a solo instrument per- ment in sonata form. Symphonies are composed for forming with an orchestra or smaller ensemble. an orchestra consisting of a string section, brass, woodwind & percussion instruments (Between The soloist stands or sits in front of the orchestra 30 to 100 musicians!) Symphonies are notated in so that the soloist can be heard over the orches- a musical score, which contains all the instrument tra or ensemble accompanying him or her. parts. Orchestral musicians play from parts which con- Today, concertos are written for pretty much any tain just the notated music for their own instrument. solo instrument. During the Classical period, how- Some symphonies also contain vocal parts. ever, there were fewer instruments available and The four-movements were: several that hadn't been invented yet. Composers 1 an opening sonata or allegro typically wrote concertos for keyboard instru- ments, like the piano, or for the instruments of the 2 a slow movement, such as adagio orchestra, like the violin, cello, or wind instru- 3. a minuet or scherzo with trio ments. 4. an allegro, rondo, or sonata A Classical concerto is a longer piece of music and is broken into three movements. A movement is a shorter piece that is put together with other movements in order to create a large, S o n a t a F o r m lengthy piece such as a concerto. The three movements of a concerto usually alter- Sonata refers to the layout of a musical compo- nate in tempo, or speed, with the first and third sition and more specifically to the form of the movements using a faster tempo, and the second 1st movement.
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