World Bank Document

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

World Bank Document Document de La Banque Mondiale IFILE COp<1 A N'UTlLlSER QU'A DES FINS OFFICIELLES Public Disclosure Authorized Rapport No. 3867-DI RAPPORT D'EVALUATION Public Disclosure Authorized DJIBOUTI PROJET D'ENTRETIEN ROUTIER Public Disclosure Authorized 24 septembre 1982 Division des transports 1 Bureau regional Afrique de l'Est Public Disclosure Authorized TRADUCTION NON-OFFICIELLE A TITRE D'INFORMATlON e pre5.ent document fait l'objE't d'une diffu5.ion reslreinte, et ne peut (:Ire utilise par ~es destinataires que dans I'exereh:e de leurs fonetions officieJles. Sa teneur ne peut etre DaUllrement divulguee sans I'aulorisation de la Banque Mondiale. ~ d TAUX DE CHANGE Unite monetaire = Franc de Djibouti (FD) $ EU 1 = FD 175 POlDS ET ~lEStJRES Systeme met rique SIGLES ET ABREVIATIONS FED Fonds europeen de developpement FAC Fonds d'aide et de cooperation (France) DTP Direction des travaux publics TRE Taux de rentabilite economique EXERCICE 1er janvier - 31 decembre A N'UTILISER QU'A DES FINS OFFICIELLES DJIBOUTI PROJET D'ENTRETIEN ROUTIER RAPPORT D'EVALUATION Table des matieres I.. LE SECTEUR DES TRANSPORTS ...................................... 1 A. Le cadre economique ....................................... 1 B. Le reseau des transports - Generalites ..... ............... 1 C. Le sous·secteur routier ..................... :.... ... ...... 3 D. Planification et financement des transports ... ............ 9 E. Politique de developpement des routes............ ......... 10 II. LE PROJET ...................................................... 11 A. Objectifs ................................................. 11 B. Description du projet ..................................... 11 C. Estimations des couts du projet et financement .... ..... ... 14 D. Execution du projet et passation des marches.............. 15 E. Decaissements ............................................. 17 F, Criteres d'etablissement des comptes et des rapports...... 19 G. Impact sur l'environnement ................................ 19 III. EVALUATION ECONOMIQUE .......................................... 20 A. Principaux avantages et beneficiaires .................... 20 B. Couts et avantages ....................................... 20 C. Conclusions .............................................. 21 IV. ACCORDS A CONCLURE ET RECOMMANDATIONS ..... ... ..... ............. 23 Le present rapport a ete prepare par P. Sooh (ingenieur) et M. R. Le Blanc (ec.onomiste) et mis en forme par C. Applegate (redacteur technique). I Le present document fait l'objet d'une diffusion restreinte. et Ilf peut etre utilise par !'>es I ~~stinataires que dans I'exercice de leurs fonctions officielles. Sa teneur ne peut eIre ~trement divulguee sans l'aulorisation de 13 Banque Mondiale. Table des matieres (suite) - ii ­ ANNEXES 1. Programme routier du Gouvernement 2. Liste du materiel, des materiaux et des fournitures 3. Projet de cadre de reference de l'assistance technique a la DTP 4. Projet de cadre de reference des etudes de preinvestissement 5. Estimations des couts 6. Criteres concernant l'etablissement des rapports 7. Evaluation economique CARTE DJIBOUTI PROJET D'ENTRETIEN ROUTIER I. LE SECTEUR DES TRANSPORTS A. Le cadre economique 1.01 La Republique de Djibouti, situee a l'entree de la mer Rouge, 2 avec une superficie de 22.000 km , est devenue independante en juin 1977. Son climat aride et chaud est semblable a celui des zones desertiques voi­ sines d'Ethiopie et de Somalie. Le pays est topographiquement divise en deux parties Ie long d'un axe cree par Ie golfe de Tadjourah (voir carte). Le Sud, y compris la ville de Djibouti, la capitale, est relati­ velnent plat et presque uniformement couvert de galets. Le Nord, avec la ville de Tadjourah, est en revanche une region montagneuse et rocheuse, qui rend la construction et l'entretien des routes difficiles et couteux. Les deux tiers environ de la population autochtone estimee a 325.000 habi­ tants (1979) vivent dans la ville de Djibouti; Ie reste est constitue par des populations urbaines dissemine~s dans quelques petites villes ou par des tribus pastorales semi-nomades. L'economie repose sur trois princi­ paux elements : a) la ville de Djibouti, avec son port, son terminal fer­ roviaire, son aeroport et les services gouvernementaux; b) une base mili­ taire frim~aise, qui est 18 principale source de l'activite economique et commerciale du pays; et c) l'arriere-pays ou vit une population clairsemee dont les activites principales sont l'elevage (bovins, ovins et camelins) et la culture de fruits et de legumes pres des villes. Le revenu par habitant, estime a 420 dollars par an (1979), est nettement superieur a celui de l'Ethiopie et de la Somalie, ses voisins (130 dollars pour l'Ethiopie). II n'est toutefois pas evident que Ie niveau de vie soit sensiblement different que dans ces derniers, notamment dans l'arriere­ pays ou les sources de revenu sont limitees et la pauvrete extreme. B. Le reseau des transports - Genera1ites 1.02 Le reseau des transports comprend environ 2.800 km de routes et pistes, 110 km de voies ferrees, un port, un aeroport international et plusieurs aerodromes. Le pays n'a pas de voies d'eau navigables. La par­ tie la plus importante du reseau est centree sur la ville de Djibouti avec son aeroport international, son port et son terminal de chemin de fer. Environ 300 km de routes sont bitumees, dont 217 km d'axes qui relient la ville de Djibouti a la frontiere ethiopienne et 83 km de rues urbaines. Les liaisons avec Ie reste du pays, notamment par l'intermediaire des quelque 2.500 km de pistes en terre mal definies, sont tres mauvaises. Un seul bac assure la seule liaison fiable par voie de surface entre la ville de Djibouti et Tadjourah, la ville la plus importante du Nord. - 2 ­ a) Le chemin de fer 1.03 Le chemin de fer Ethiopie-Djibouti, construit en 1917, relie Ie port de Djibouti a Addis-Abeba, capitale de l'Ethiopie. Environ 95 %du trafic ferroviaire provient d'Ethiopie ou est destine a ce pays pour lequel la ligne represente un debouche important sur la mer. Bien que la part de Djibouti dans Ie trafic soit negligeable, un traite ratifie en 1981 lui confere l'egalite des droits de gestion du chemin de fer, une part egale des profits et 10 % des pertes. Le trafic est tombe de 370.000 tonnes en 1975 a environ 170.000 en 1981, en partie parce que l'Ethiopie a reoriente son trafic de Djibouti vers Ie port ethiopiend'Assab. En outre, la ligne a ete fermee de juin 1977 a juin 1978 a la suite des desordres qui agi­ taient la region de l'Ogaden. Depuis la reouverture, les activites se limitent a deux trains par jour dans chaque direction contre huit aupara­ vant. En raison de ce ralentissement des activites, Ie chemin de fer enregistre des deficits (environ 825.000 dollars en 1980). 1.04 A la suite d'une etude sur les besoins a court terme du chemin de fer, Ie FED fournira environ 13 millions de dollars pour l'achat de deux locomotives diesel, de materiel d'entretien et de pieces de re­ change. Le renouvellement de certaines voies et les achats supplemen­ taires de materiel roulant pourraient figurer parmi les besoins a plus long terme. Le calendrier et la justification de ce programme dependront des perspectives du trafic ethiopien sur la ligne, lesquelles sont diffi­ ciles a prevoir, etant donne la preference accordee actuellement a l'axe de transports routiers Addis-Assab. b) Le port 1.06 Le port de Djibouti est Ie terminal du chemin de fer Ethiopie- Djibouti et a ete un important port de ravitaillement dans Ie passe. Apres la base militaire fran~aise, il est la principale source d'activite economique du pays. II est relativement bien equipe, avec huit postes a quai interieurs, un poste de moui11age exterieur et quatre postes de ravi­ taillement. Sept des postes a quai ont une profondeur legerement supe­ rieure a 9 m et les deux autres sont utilises par des navires de cabotage n'ayant que 3,5 m de tirant d'eau. Les installations d'entreposage, de manutention de marchandises et d'entretien sont satisfaisantes. L'en­ semble du trafic portuaire est tombe de 640.891 tonnes en 1976 a 370.063 tonnes en 1979 a la suite d'une reduction de 80 % du trafic ethio­ pien. L'apparition de navires d'un nouveau modele pour Ie long cours et la concurrence des Etats du Golfe ont porte un coup aux activites de ravi­ taillement que Ie port assurait dans Ie passe. Le port a enregistre, en 1980, un deficit de 142 millions de francs, soit environ 15 % des recettes totales. Afin d'attirer Ie trafic et de promouvoir l'utilisation du port, Ie Gouvernement, avec l'assistance de la France, a recemment fait effec­ tuer par un bureau de consultants l'etude de faisabilite d'un terminal portuaire a conteneurs. Selon les conclusions de l'etude, ces instal­ lations, d'un cout estime a 2,4 milliards de francs (environ 13,7 millions de dollars), permettraient d'accroitre les activites de transbordement - :3 ­ daus Ie port et contribueraient a rendre l'exploitation du port rentable. Les cons~ltants ont egalement acheve Ie projet d'execution du terminal. Les projections du trafic contenues dans l'etude semblent optimistes, compte tenu notamment de la concurrence des autres ports de la region. Les deux premieres des trois phases de construction devraient etre finan­ cel~s par Ie KoweIt et 1 t Allemagne et Ie debut des travaux serait prevu pour les environs de juin 1982. La troisieme phase devrait etre executee vers la fin des annees 80. c) Les transports aeriens 1.07 L'aeroport international de Djibouti est une entreprise pub1ique au1:onome qui releve du Ministere du commerce, du tourisme et des trans­ pOlctS. Il possede une piste de :3 .140 m de long et des installations ca­ pables de. recevoir des B-747 en pleine charge. Les services sont assures par Air Djibouti, la compagnie nationale, et par six compagnies etran­ geres 1/.
Recommended publications
  • The Emergency Develops 1St Battalion Lancashire Regiment
    The Aden Emergency 1963 - 1967 The Aden Emergency, also known as the Radfan Uprising, was an insurgency against the Occupying Forces of the former British Empire in the Protectorate of South Arabia, which now forms part of Yemen. The uprising began on 14th October 1963 with the throwing of a grenade at British High Commissioner Sir Kennedy Trevaskis, which took place as he arrived at Khormaksar Airport to catch a London-bound flight. The grenade killed a woman and injured fifty other people. On that day, a state of emergency was declared in Aden. The Emergency Develops Anti-British guerrilla groups with varying political objectives began to coalesce into two larger, rival organisations: first the Egyptian-supported National Liberation Front (NLF) and then the Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen (FLOSY), who attacked each other as well as the British. Between 1963 and 1967 the NLF and FLOSY waged a continuous campaign against British forces in Aden, relying largely on grenade attacks mainly focused on killing off-duty British officers and policemen. By 1965, the RAF station RAF Khormaksar was operating nine squadrons. These included transport units with helicopters and a number of Hawker Hunter fighter bomber aircraft. 1st Battalion Lancashire Regiment (Prince of Wales's Volunteers) The 1st Battalion Lancashire Regiment (Prince of Wales's Volunteers) (PWV) were deployed in South Arabia from January to October 1967. Local St Helens soldiers served in Aden among the ranks of the 1st Battalion Lancashire Regiment (PWV). They arrive at Radfan Camp in January 1967 and were immediately drawn into action.
    [Show full text]
  • Five Decades Ago 1
    Five Decades Ago 1 Five Decades Ago Two years on the barren rocks of Aden - one of the last outposts of the British Empire Thomas P. Iredale Five Decades Ago 2 The author, 50 years later Email: [email protected] Cover picture: Aerial photograph of Aden taken in 1937 (from the Peter Pickering Collection) © 2013 Thomas P. Iredale, Heidelberg, Germany All rights reserved Five Decades Ago 3 INTRODUCTION I was shocked to find that fifty years had passed, since I first set foot on Aden‘s rocky ground in 1963. This fact did at least supply the title for these recollections of mine. I left well before the British withdrawal in 1967 and the majority of my stay was spent before the ugly head of terrorism rose up and made life dangerous for both the Adeni population and the British forces. For this, I am grateful. Heidelberg, June 2013 Email: [email protected] Acknowledgements 1. Heartfelt thanks to Peter Pickering, owner of the Aden Airways website, which is an invalu- able (if not the most comprehensive) source of historical information on Aden. He provided the impetus for me to put pen to paper. I have quoted his articles “The Aden railway story” and the “Capture of the Ilyushin 14” – verbatim. I also thank him for permission to use im- ages from his historical collections www.adenairways.com www.peterpickering.com Facebook page: Aden in Days of Empire 2. Ray Deacon, who runs the Radfan Hunters website for obtaining permission to use Ken Simpson’s airfield picture and Roger Wilkin’s account and image of Argosy XP 413, which landed in the sea.
    [Show full text]
  • Royal Air Force Historical Society Journal 18
    ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 18 2 The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the contributors concerned and are not necessarily those held by the Royal Air Force Historical Society. First Published in the UK in 1998 Copyright © 1998: Royal Air Force Historical Society. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the permission from the Publisher in writing. ISSN 1361-4231 Printed by Fotodirect Ltd Enterprise Estate, Crowhurst Road Brighton, East Sussex BN1 8AF Tel 01273 563111 3 CONTENTS Page SOME REFLECTIONS – Rt Hon Lord Merlyn-Rees 6 ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING 10th June 1997 19 SOUTH ARABIA AND THE WITHDRAWAL FROM ADEN 24 AIRMAN’S CROSS – Postscript 100 AIR CHIEF MARSHAL SIR DENIS SMALLWOOD 103 BOOK REVIEWS 106 CORRESPONDENCE 121 NOTICES 124 4 ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY President: Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Michael Beetham GCB CBE DFC AFC Vice-President: Air Marshal Sir Frederick Sowrey KCB CBE AFC Committee Chairman: Air Vice-Marshal N B Baldwin CB CBE General Secretary: Wing Commander C G Jefford MBE BA Membership Secretary: Dr Jack Dunham PhD CPsychol AMRAeS Treasurer: Desmond Goch Esq FCAA Members: *J S Cox BA MA *Dr M A Fopp MA FMA FIMgt Group Captain J D Heron OBE *Group Captain S W Peach BA RAF Air Commodore H A Probert MBE MA Editor, Publications Derek H Wood Esq AFRAeS Publications Manager Roy Walker Esq ACIB *Ex officio 5 INTRODUCTION BY SOCIETY CHAIRMAN Air Vice-Marshal Baldwin after the 11th AGM Ladies and gentlemen it is a pleasure to welcome as our guest this evening Lord Merlyn-Rees, an ex-Secretary of State for Northern Ireland and Home Secretary and, just as important from our point of view, an ex RAF squadron leader.
    [Show full text]
  • Nairobi Airport Annual Report 1965 ~·
    REPUBLIC OF KENYA NAIROBI AIRPORT ANNUAL REPORT 1965 ~·,. 1. D. E. P. rii~ lf~·l CENTRE ··~".~-'1 DE DOCUMENTATION Three Shillings - 1966 . .' NAIROBI AIRPORT ANNUAL REPORT 196S 1. D. E. P. CENTRE DE DOCUMENTATION CONTENTS INTRODUCTION-REVIEW OF THE YEAR Part !-Sections PAGE 1. Operations .. 2 2. Aerodrome Fire Service 6 3. Business Management 7 4. Security Service 8 5. Information Service 9 6. Additional Kenya Government Services JO 7. East African Common Services Organization .. 12 Part II-Appendices 1 Senior Staff of the Department 14 TI Airline Operating Companies and their Representatives .. J4 11I Aircraft Movements J5 IV Passeogers Handled 16 V Mail J6 VI Freight .. 17 VII Aviation Fuel Uplift 18 Vlll Waving Base Visitors 19 IX Diversions Due to Weather 19 x Delayed Arrivais Due to Weather 20 Xl Delayed Departures Due to Weather 20 XII Meteorological Data .. 21 Xlli General Information .. 23 XIV Radio Facilities and Navigatiooal Aids 26 XV Air Distances from Nairobi Airport 29 XVI Legislation 30 NAIROBI AffiPORT ANNUAL REPORT 1965 INTRODUCTION Rcvicw of the Y car T he rate of increase in the Airport's actüvities which has been steadily growing in the previous years was main tained in 1965. D uring the year, one more airline, namely, Pan-American World Airways was added to the n umber of heavy jet operators using Nairobi Airport. The introduction of a DC.S jet airliner by this new company, providing non-stop scheduled fli ghts between Lagos and Nairobi, opened the fi rst direct air lin k between Kenya and West Africa. This is a faci lity which has been longed for by many travellers in the past.
    [Show full text]
  • 215183076.Pdf
    IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM TRENDS ON AERONAUTICAL SECURITY By CHRIS ANTHONY HAMILTON Bachelor of Science Saint Louis University Saint Louis, Missouri 1987 Master of Science Central Missouri State University Warrensburg, Missouri 1991 Education Specialist Central Missouri State University Warrensburg, Missouri 1994 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION May, 1996 COPYRIGHT By Chris Anthony Hamilton May, 1996 IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM TRENDS ON AERONAUTICAL SECURITY Thesis Approved: Dean of the Graduate College ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere appreciation to all those who, support, guidance, and sacrificed time made my educational experience at Oklahoma State University a successful one. First, I would like to thank my doctoral committee chairman, Dr. Cecil Dugger for his guidance and direction throughout my doctoral program. Dr. Dugger is a unique individual for which I have great respect not only as a mentor but also as good and supportive friend. I would also like to thank my dissertation advisor Dr. Steven Marks, for his support and impute in my academic life at Oklahoma State University. I would also like to thank the Dr. Kenneth Wiggins, Head, Department of Aviation and Space Education for his continue and great support in many ways, that without, I will have never completed my educational goals. Finally, I would like to thank Dr. Deke Johnson as my doctoral committee member, that has always a kind and wise word to get me through difficult days.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Modern Yemen
    A HISTORY OF MODERN YEMEN PAUL DRESCH University of Oxford The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge , UK http://www.cup.cam.ac.uk West th Street, New York, –, USA http://www.cup.org Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne , Australia Ruiz de Alarcón , Madrid, Spain © Cambridge University Press This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeface Monotype Baskerville /. pt System QuarkXPress™ [] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Dresch, Paul. A history of modern Yemen / Paul Dresch. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Yemen–History–th century. I. Title. .–dc - hardback paperback Contents List of illustrations page ix List of maps and figures xi Preface and acknowledgements xiii List of abbreviations xvii . Turkey, Britain and Imam Yah·ya¯: the years around Imperial divisions Premodern Yemen Political connections Forms of life .Yah·ya¯ and the British: – Control of Yemen Aden’s hinterland and H· ad·ramawt A geographical intersection The dynastic state Modernist contradictions The coup of . A new form of politics: the s Changes in the South The Aden hinterland Ah·mad’s domain The new politics Cairo and Sanaa Constitutions and revolution . Revolutions and civil wars: the s Revolution in the North Armed struggle in the South Aden as political focus ¨ Abd al-Na¯s·ir and Yemen The end of the British in the South vii viii Contents The end of the Egyptians in the North Consolidation of two states .
    [Show full text]
  • BOAC FLEET POSITION Dec 1945 to May 1969
    BOAC FLEET POSITION Dec 1945 to May 1969 This information is taken from Quarterly, Monthly and some daily fleet movement returns issued by the Maintenance department of BOAC. Some daily updates were missing from the collection checked. A list of abbreviations appears at the end of the main list. No attempt to verify information from other sources has been made although obvious errors have been noted. Airspeed Oxford G-AIAT Shown on 31/12/45 and 31/3/46 lists as based W with serial NM387. Purchased 2/2/49. Shown as Training at H from 30/6/49. On lists from 30/9/50 base shown as H, not Training. Lists from 30/11/50 onwards show "Awaiting disposal". Sold Air Service Training 2/3/51. G-AIAU Shown on 31/12/45 and 31/3/46 lists as based W with serial MN457 (actually NM457). Purchased 2/2/49. Shown as Training at H from 30/6/49. From 31/1/51 list shown as Training at L. On CofA on lists for 30/4/51 and 31/5/51. Training from 30/6/51. CofA list dated 30/6/52. Not shown as Training on lists of 31/8/52 and 30/9/52 but back to Training from 31/10/52. Sold to Cyprus Airways 20/1/53. G-AIAV Shown on 31/12/45 and 31/3/46 lists as based W with serial NM536. Purchased 2/2/49. Shown as Training at H from 30/6/49. From 31/1/51 list shown as Training at L.
    [Show full text]
  • Yemen : Dancing on the Heads of Snakes / Victoria Clark
    3107_FM_UK.qxp 5/7/10 3:59 PM Page i 1 2 3 4 YEMEN 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30 31 32 33 3107_FM_UK.qxp 5/7/10 3:59 PM Page ii 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30 31 32 33 3107_FM_UK.qxp 5/7/10 3:59 PM Page iii 1 2 3 4 5 6 YEMEN 7 DANCING ON THE HEADS OF SNAKES 8 9 VICTORIA CLARK 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30 YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS 31 NEW HAVEN AND LONDON 32 33 3107_FM_UK.qxp 1/23/12 2:12 PM Page iv 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Copyright © 2010 Victoria Clark 10 The right of Victoria Clark to be identified as author of this work has been asserted 1 by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. 2 All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright 3 Law and except by reviewers for the public press) without written permission from 4 the publishers. 5 For information about this and other Yale University Press publications, please contact: 6 U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Air Transport
    National Air & Space Museum Technical Reference Files: Air Transport NASM Staff 2017 National Air and Space Museum Archives 14390 Air & Space Museum Parkway Chantilly, VA 20151 [email protected] https://airandspace.si.edu/archives Table of Contents Collection Overview ........................................................................................................ 1 Scope and Contents note................................................................................................ 1 Container Listing ............................................................................................................. 2 Series F0: Air Transport, General............................................................................ 2 Series F1: Air Transport, Airlines........................................................................... 23 Series F2: Air Transport, by Region or Nation..................................................... 182 Series F3: Air Transport, Airports, General.......................................................... 189 Series F4: Air Transport, Airports, USA............................................................... 198 Series F5: Air Transport, Airports, Foreign.......................................................... 236 Series F6: Air Transport, Air Mail......................................................................... 251 National Air & Space Museum Technical Reference Files: Air Transport NASM.XXXX.1183.F Collection Overview Repository: National Air and Space Museum Archives Title: National
    [Show full text]
  • British Overseas Airways Corporation 1940 – 1950 and Its Legacy
    Journal of Aeronautical History Paper No. 2013/03 BRITISH OVERSEAS AIRWAYS CORPORATION 1940 – 1950 AND ITS LEGACY Captain Dacre Watson Abstract BOAC was formed in 1939 as a merger of Imperial Airways and British Airways. During the World War the airline operated as directed by the Secretary of State for Air, initially as the transport service for the RAF, with no requirement to act commercially. Sir John Reith, who was Chairman of Imperial Airways and then BOAC until January 1940, laid down the ethos that service to the public rather than profits and dividends should be the driving force for the airline. During the war BOAC operated transatlantic services plus a network of African and Middle Eastern routes centred on Cairo. After the war the airline experienced continuing political interference over routes to be operated and aircraft to be used. It had great difficulty acquiring the American airliners it needed to provide competitive services. The airline set up Aden Airways and Hong Kong Airways, took shareholdings in Middle East Airlines, Cyprus Airways and Gulf Aviation, and set up management contracts with Kuwait Airways and Iraq Airways. In the Far East BOAC became similarly involved with Malayan Airways, Borneo Airways and Fiji Airways. There is a case to be made that the main beneficiaries of BOAC’s post imperial activities were the many subsidiary airlines, some of which would develop into the flag carriers of newly independent countries, which were able to exploit the benefits of BOAC’s expertise, infrastructure and assets. It is, in the view of the author, one of the best examples of colonial altruism and one which has been an enduring gift from a fading Empire.
    [Show full text]
  • Aviation Security Management Praeger Security International Advisory Board Board Cochairs Loch K
    Aviation Security Management Praeger Security International Advisory Board Board Cochairs Loch K. Johnson, Regents Professor of Public and International Affairs, School of Public and International Affairs, University of Georgia (U.S.A.) Paul Wilkinson, Professor of International Relations and Chairman of the Advisory Board, Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence, University of St. Andrews (U.K.) Members Anthony H. Cordesman, Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy, Center for Strategic and International Studies (U.S.A.) Thérèse Delpech, Director of Strategic Affairs, Atomic Energy Commission, and Senior Research Fellow, CERI (Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques), Paris (France) Sir Michael Howard, former Chichele Professor of the History of War and Regis Professor of Modern History, Oxford University, and Robert A. Lovett Professor of Military and Naval History, Yale University (U.K.) Lieutenant General Claudia J. Kennedy, USA (Ret.), former Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence, Department of the Army (U.S.A.) Paul M. Kennedy, J. Richardson Dilworth Professor of History and Director, International Security Studies, Yale University (U.S.A.) Robert J. O’Neill, former Chichele Professor of the History of War, All Souls College, Oxford University (Australia) Shibley Telhami, Anwar Sadat Chair for Peace and Development, Department of Government and Politics, University of Maryland (U.S.A.) Fareed Zakaria, Editor, Newsweek International (U.S.A.) Aviation Security Management VOLUME 1 THE CONTEXT OF AVIATION SECURITY MANAGEMENT Edited by Andrew R. Thomas PRAEGER SECURITY INTERNATIONAL Westport, Connecticut • London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Aviation security management / edited by Andrew R. Thomas. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index.
    [Show full text]
  • From Collective Memory to Nationalism: Historical Remembrance in Aden
    FROM COLLECTIVE MEMORY TO NATIONALISM: HISTORICAL REMEMBRANCE IN ADEN A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Arab Studies By Kevin Alexander Davis, B.A. Washington, DC April 31, 2014 Copyright 2014 by Kevin Alexander Davis All Rights Reserved ii FROM COLLECTIVE MEMORY TO NATIONALISM: HISTORICAL REMEMBRANCE IN ADEN Kevin Alexander Davis, B.A. Thesis Advisor: Rochelle Davis, PhD. Abstract In Aden, the former capital of the People’s Democratic Republic of South Yemen, a popular nationalist movement has emerged demanding a rescinding of the unification agreement that joined north and south Yemen in 1990. This paper explores the way in which history is being remembered, framed, and utilized to create a sense of coherent national identity rooted in historical understandings in Aden. This study draws upon ethnographic research and interviews conducted in Aden, Yemen and analyzes the social, political, and economic forces that have influenced this nationalist awakening. I focus on the concept of collective memory to explore how southerners are framing their understandings of a national past in light of current everyday realities and how new conceptions of Aden’s colonial and socialist past are invoking new senses of nostalgia for remembered notions of liberal urban lifestyles. Drawing on theoretical works in the fields of collective memory and nationalism, I also examine the power structures that allow for certain narratives to become accepted while others are silenced, both in the context of a unified Yemen and within the south itself.
    [Show full text]