CTMI (2006) 304:1–16 Mass Vaccination: When and Why D. L. Heymann (u)·R.B.Aylward World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
[email protected] 1 The Concept of Mass Vaccination ............................. 2 2 Mass vaccination in the Twentieth Century—Smallpox Eradication .... 3 3 Routine Immunization and Mass Vaccination Today— A Necessary Alliance ..................................... 4 4 Preventing Emerging Outbreaks ............................. 5 4.1 Meningitis............................................. 6 4.2 Influenza.............................................. 7 4.3 YellowFever............................................ 8 4.4 DisplacedPersons....................................... 8 4.5 ThreatofDeliberatelyCausedOutbreaks....................... 9 5 Mass Vaccination to Accelerate Disease Control .................. 10 5.1 NewVaccineIntroduction.................................. 11 5.2 Eradication............................................ 12 5.3 MortalityReduction...................................... 13 5.3.1 Measles............................................... 13 5.3.2 MaternalandNeonatalTetanus.............................. 13 6 Mass Vaccination in the Twenty-First Century .................... 13 References .................................................. 14 Abstract With increased demand for smallpox vaccination during the nineteenth cen- tury, vaccination days—early mass vaccination campaigns—were conducted over time-limited periods to rapidly and efficiently protect maximum numbers of suscepti- ble persons.