A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES
Volume Four JULY, 1912 Number Three
EDUCATIONAL NUMBER
ONE DOLLAR A YEAR TEN CENTS A COPY Avery College Training Schools NORTH SIDE, PITTSBURGH, PA.
A superior training school for young colored women, thoroughly instructing its students as a means of self-support in dressmaking, cutting and drafting, domestic science, music, nurse training, millinery, and an intermediate English course. This institution is under the influence of no religious denomination, is the oldest endowed chartered Negro institution in America. The accommodations in its dormitory, which is in charge of a competent matron, are excelled by no colored institution in this country.
The hospital department offers the same course as the large hospitals of the State of Pennsylvania, fully equipped with its operating rooms, diet kitchen and ambulance service. The course requires three years' lectures on general nursing, anatomy, ethics, surgery, obstetrics, asepsis, antiseptics, gynecology, pediatrics, eye, nose, throat, materia medica, therapeutics and dietetics under a staff of white and colored physicians. Catalogues now ready.
Address all communications to JOSEPH D. MAHONEY, Secretary Box 154 North Side, Pittsburgh Pa.
PLAY BALL, BOYS! Last half of the ninth; bases full; score tied and "Casey" at the bat. Get in the game, boys. Organize a baseball team in your city. Baseball is the most popular sport in this country. In every hamlet, town and city may be seen the future "Rube Fosters" and "William Matthews" romping over corner lots, batting, pitching and learning to play the game. Organize your team and get our great baseball outfit for a few hours' work. Our outfit includes
10 Spalding baseball suits with name of club (any color). 10 caps to match. 10 pairs baseball stockings. 1 catcher's mit. 1 first baseman's glove. 3 infielders' gloves. 3 outfielders' gloves. FOR INFORMATION WRITE THE : Business Manager of THE CRISIS 26 VESEY STREET NEW YORK
Mention THΕ CRISIS. THE CRISIS A RECORD OF THE DARKER RAGES
Published by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, at 26 Vesey Street, New York City.
W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS. Editor OSWALD GARRISON VILLARD M. D. MACLEAN. Managing Editor J. MAX BARBER Contributing CHARLES EDWARD RUSSELL FRANK M. TURNER. Circulation Manager Editors W. S. BRAITHWAITE ALBON L. HOLSEY. Advertising Manager KELLY MILLER
Subscription: $1.00 a year; 50 cents for six months. Foreign subscriptions, 25 cents extra. Subscriptions to begin with current issue or changes of address must reach us before the 15th of the previous month.
CONTENTS FOR JULY
PAGE
ALONG THE COLOR LINE 111
MEN OF THE MONTH 118
OPINION 121 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COL ORED PEOPLE 12S
EDITORIAL 129
THE YEAR IN COLORED COLLEGES 133
THE MONTESSORI METHOD. By Jessie Fauset 136
THE FAITHS OF THE TEACHERS. By G. S. Dickerman 139
THE WHITE MAN'S BURDEN. Poem. By Charles S. Nutter, D. D 142
GENERAL EVARISTO ESTENOZ. By Arthur A. Schomburg 143
PROTECTION 144
WOMEN'S CLUBS. A Social Center at Hampton. By A. W. Hunton 145
HISTORIC DAYS IN JULY. By L. M. Hershaw 146
THE BURDEN 147
"I MET A LITTLE BLUE-EYED GIRL." Poem. By Bertha Johnston... 147
LETTER BOX 148
Agents wanted who can furnish references. Entered as second-class matter in the P. O. at N. Y. City 108 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER OF INTEREST TO The NEGRO AND THE ELECTIVE FRANCHISE No. 11. Occasional Papers VOCAL STUDENTS AMERICAN NEGRO ACADEMY An Opinion Worth While. "I find more patriotism and statesmanship Tone Placing and in this pamphlet by colored men than in Voice Development all the contributions made on the subject by white men since the Civil War." Practical method of singing for daily practice, based upon artistic A. E. Pillsbury. principles, together with a care fully prepared number of exercises, Inclose 35 cents to forming a comprehensive, progres sive and self-explained course in J. W. C R O M WE L L voice building, which constitute the technical side of the vocal art. 1439 Swans Street. N. W. Washington. D. C.
From "Musical Courier," N. Y.: A very practical little book is "Tone Placing and Voice Develop ment/' by Pedro T. Tinsley. As the preface says: "It is for daily practice, based upon artistic princi PUBLICATIONS ples, including a course in the art of breathing, A M. £. Book Concern Philadelphia, Pa. structure of the vocal apparatus, hearing the voice, together with a carefully prepared number of vocal TEE POEMS OP PHILLIS WHEATLEY. exercises, forming a comprehensive, progressive and Reprint of first edition 1773; a valuable book. self-explained course of voice building." Written Price. $1.00. by Pedro T. Tinsley, conductor of the Choral Club THE NEGRO PROBLEM. An analysis: What of Chicago, and a man who has had many years' It Is Not and What It Is; by R. R. Wright, Jr. experience in teaching voice. It contains some very In pamphlet form, 15 cents. excellent material and vocal exercises, and should THE COLORED REGULARS. By T. O. Steward, be in the hands of all vocal students. Price $1. Chaplain U. S. A., retired. Price, $1.50. Address the publisher: EVOLUTION AND LIFE. By Algernon B. Jack son, Surgeon-in-chief Mercy Hospital. Price, 75 cents. PEDRO T. TINSLEY THE NEGRO IN PENNSYLVANIA. A Study in 6448 Drexel Avenue CHICAGO, ILL Economic History. By R. R. Wright, Jr., Sometime Research Fellow in Sociology in the University of or Clayton P. Summy, 220 Wabash Avenue, and Pennsylvania. Price, Paper, $2.00; Cloth, $2.50. Lyon & Healy, Adams & Wabash, Chicago, Ill. Address A. M. E. BOOK CONCERN 631 Pine Street. Philadelphia, Pa
"A noteworthy book of the epoch." Atlanta University The Souls of Studies of the Black Folk Negro Problems 15 Monographs. Sold Separately. By W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS Address: Eighth Edition
"It is one of the noteworthy books, A, G. DILL not merely of a year, but of the epoch. Atlanta University, Atlanta, Ga. Its every page is filled with vigor, spon taneity and spirituality." — Boston GREAT CALAMITY IN Transcript. PHILADELPHIA SOCIETY
"A stripping bare of the moral and mental anatomy of the African in Amer "Who's Who in Philadelphia"
ica so as to reveal the naked soul in its Latest and greatest book of the season. primitive simplicity, seared and scarred Biographic sketches and cuts of leading colored citizens, with illustrations of their by ages of suffering."—New York Age. principal institutions, and other valuable With Author's Portrait, $1.20 Net information. 208 pages. By Charles Fred. At book stores or from the publishers White, author of "PLEA OF THE NEGRO SOLDIER" and a hundred other poems. Introduction by Dr. R. R. Wright, Jr. A. C. McCLURG & CO. PRICE, $2.00 CHICAGO Chas. Fred White 1508 Lombard Street, Philadelphia
Mention THE CRISIS. THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 109 Atlanta University Is beautifully located in the City of Atlanta, Ga. The courses of study include High School, Nor mal School and College, with manual training and domestic science. Among the teachers are graduates of Yale, Harvard, Dartmouth, Smith and Wellesley. Forty-one years of successful work have been completed. Students come from all parts of the South. Graduates are almost universally successful. For further information address President EDWARD T. WARE ATLANTA. GA. Knoxville College Beautiful Situation, Healthful Location The Best Moral and Spiritual Environment A Splendid Intellectual Atmosphere Noted for Honest and Thorough Work Offers full courses in the following departments: College, Normal, High School, Grammar School and Industrial. Good water, steam heat, electric lights, good drainage. Expenses very reasonable. Opportunity for Self-help- Fall Term Begins September, 1912. For information address President R. W. McGranahan KNOXVILLE, TENN. FORWARD MARCH YOUR SON OFF TO Virginia Union University RICHMOND, VA.
Wilberforce University A College Department, of high standards and modern curriculum. A Theological Department, with all subjects The only school in the country for Negro Youth which has a Military Department generally required in the best theological seminaries. equipped by the National Government, and An Academy, with manual training, giving a commanded by a detailed United States Army preparation for life or for college. Officer. The positive moral and religious aim of the DEPARTMENTS school, its high standards of entrance and of class work, its fine new buildings and well-equipped MILITARY SCIENTIFIC laboratories and library prepare a faithful student NORMAL TECHNICAL for a life of wide usefulness. COMMERCIAL THEOLOGICAL GEORGE RICE HOVEY, President CLASSICAL MUSICAL PREPARATORY
Banking taught by the actual operations in the Students' Savings Bank. Twelve In dustries, 180 acres of beautiful campus, Ten Fisk University Buildings. Healthful surroundings, excep tional community. Maintained in part by the State of Ohio which supplies facilities for the NASHVILLE, TENN. thorough training of teachers. Fall term begins September, 1912. Write The largest colored college in the South. for Catalog. A new department of sociology and social W. S. SCARBOROUGH, President service. A notable equipment in land and WM. A. JOINER, Superintendent, C. N. I. Department. buildings. Endorsed by the General Edu Address all communications to cation Board. For information address BOX 36 WILBERFORCE, OHIO GEORGE A. GATES, President
Mention THE CRISIS. 110 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER "Our Heroes of Destiny" Honorables Frederick Douglass, John M. Langston, Blanche K. Bruce, Paul Laurence Dunbar and Booker T. Washington I desire to thank the readers of THE CRISIS and my large number of friends for their very enthusiastic support and appreciation of the Special Edition of "OUR HEROES OF DESTINY." POPULAR EDITION While the orders for the Special Edition have been most gratifying, there has been a constant demand for a cheaper one. In response to these numer ous requests I am glad to an nounce that a Popular Edition is on the press. In producing this Edition there is neither a sacrifice of quality nor work manship, as I was fortunate in securing a specially processed paper, which will defy even the eyes of an expert in distinguish ing it from the Special Edition. The price of the Popular Edition is fifty cents, postpaid. The Special Edition, which is on JAPAN VELLUM, will, by no means, be discontinued, and those of the particular sort who desire may have one forwarded to them for One Dollar, postpaid. INDIVIDUAL PORTRAITS The Individual Portraits are beautiful gravures, 11 by 14 inches, handsomely mounted and ready for framing. Price, fifty cents. A partial list of those now ready includes: Frederick Douglass Booker T. Washington Mrs. Booker T. Washington Blanche K. Bruce John M. Langston W. E. B. Du Bois This illustration is protected by copyright. Any infringement Paul Laurence Dunbar will be prosecuted Rev. C T. Walker Judson W. Lyons "OUR HEROES OF DESTINY" T. Thomas Fortune
TESTIMONIALS Rev. Dr. R. C. Ransom, New York City, says: children of their homes the meaning of the "Your splendid production of 'Our Heroes lives of these five men." of Destiny' marks the era of perpetuating characteristic and faithful likenesses of the Mrs. B. K. Bruce, Washington, D. C, says: famous men and women of our own race, to "I am indeed glad to say that 'Our Heroes be handed down to younger generations, inspir of Destiny' is the most creditable work of art that has yet been produced of and for our ing them with ideals which if carefully nurtured people. The life likeness of the entire group in their young lives will in their mature ages is exceedingly good. It is a fitting memorial prove excellent examples of pure and dignified worthy to be in every home. manhood and womanhood. "If we are to perpetuate the memories of "No home where there is a child should be our own great men, it must be by keeping without a copy of this excellent work, and no their portraits ever before our youth, and parent that feels the love and loyalty of higher familiarizing them with the true meaning of race development should fail to teach the their lives."
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C.M. Battey Artist and Publisher32 2 Mott Avenue New York City
Mention THE CRISIS. THE CRISIS
Volume Four JULY, 1912 Number Three
ALONG COLOR LINE
EDUCATION. •J In the grammar schools' oratorical con J.PIERPON TMORGA N has offered to tests at Hillburn, N. Y., out of seven con give the last $25,000 of the endowment testants Cecelia E. Gunner, a colored girl, fund which Fisk University is endeavoring to won first prize and Ira Smith, a colored boy, raise. About $135,000 remains to be won second prize. subscribed. fl A chorus of twenty-six Hampton students *I In Philadelphia a citizens' committee is making a summer trip for the purpose of charges that the 2,000 colored American raising money for the institution. They will children of school age are discriminated camp in tents and will tour eight States. against and segregated in the public schools. They say that not only are colored children «3 One hundred and eighty-four graduates refused admission to certain schools and were awarded diplomas and certificates at made to walk long distances, but even in the the thirty-seventh anniversary exercises at same school some colored children have not Tuskegee Institute. Major R. R. Moten de a proper supply of the text books. Some, livered the address and several thousand while in the same room with other children, people were present. are placed on one side of the room by them selves ; others in the same building are placed Twenty thousand people saw the annual in a separate room, where one teacher at competitive drill of the Washington Colored tempts to teach several grades; in other in High Schools. Company A, Captain A. C. stances the colored children are placed in Logan, of the M Street High School, was an annex which is badly located, unsanitary declared the winner. and overcrowded, while the parent building Dr. W. P. Thirkield has resigned the presi is large and well ventilated, with unoccupied dency of Howard University to become a rooms, sufficient to accommodate colored bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church. children who have been taken out of this Among those who have been spoken of to building and placed in said annex. The succeed him are Kelly Miller and George W. colored people are threatening to take the Cook. During Dr. Thirkield's incumbency matter to court unless their request for a of the presidency he has secured four large colored member of the school board is buildings, a central heating plant, increased granted. equipment for all departments and large appropriations from Congress.
^ Representative Jones, of Virginia, has meet in the classrooms, the shops and the been seeking to have the appropriation of fields." $15,000 for the support of Indian pupils of The amendment was lost, however. Hampton restored to the appropriation bill. He said among other things: "I have heard POLITICAL. it whispered around that there were Negroes AT the second annual session of the Ar- educated at the Hampton school as well kansas Suffrage League nearly 800 col as Indians. I wish to say in respect to ored men were in attendance. They elected this that whilst this is true, it is also true J. E. Bush president and G. W. Hayman that the Negro students and the Indians secretary. occupy different dormitories and are not Col. John R. Lynch, a retired paymaster even brought together in the mess halls. of the United States Army and former mem "The Indians have never objected to the ber of the United States House of Repre presence of Negroes at this school. No sentatives from Mississippi, availed himself complaint has ever come from the white recently of his right to a seat on the floor inhabitants of Hampton and the State of at the House. The Georgia doorkeeper Virginia has never withheld from this school wished to prevent him, but Speaker Clark her bounty because Indians and Negroes met admitted him. together in the lecture halls and shops and on the experimental farms. Moreover, in *3 The Iowa papers are conceding that the space of a third of a century this is the George H. Woodson, a colored lawyer of first time this argument has been advanced Buxton will probably go to the legislature. here in support of the proposition to take V There was a single colored delegate at the from the Indians the very best educational Socialist National Convention held in In facilities they have ever enjoyed. There has dianapolis in May, Mr. S. C. Garrison of never been the slightest friction between the Montpelier, Ind. Mr. Garrison's career as a two races in all these years at Hampton. Socialist has been an interesting one. He They are not brought together in the dor joined the party in 1897, while a minister mitories or in the dining rooms, and there in the A. M. E. Church. When holding a has never beeen complaint on the part of charge at Muncie, Ind., he held Socialist any Indian because of the fact that they meetings in the Baptist and Methodist
PRESIDENT TAFT VISITING THE GEORGIA STATE INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL He Is Shaking Hands with President R. B. Wright, Sr. ALONG THE COLOR LINE 113
Churches. This, however, proved displeas John E. Hurst of Washington, D. C, for ing to the white employers of colored labor merly financial secretary; Rev. J. M. Conner in the town, and the colored men, becoming of Arkansas, Rev. Joshua H. Jones of fearful of losing their positions, compelled Ohio and Rev. W. D. Chappelle of South him to desist. He was asked to take charge of Carolina. Rev. R. C. Ransom was made a small colored congregation in Montpelier, editor of the Review and R. R. Wright, Ind., and when, owing to economic changes, Jr., editor of the Recorder; J. L. Hawkins, his congregation moved away from the place, financial secretary; J. W. Rankin, mission the white Socialists, whom he had organized ary secretary; J. I. Lowe, manager of book into a local, begged him to remain. They concern, and Ira Bryant, manager of the made him an organizer and he was then able Sunday-school Union. Bishop H. M. Turner, to devote his whole time to Socialism. He the veteran senior bishop, was retired. is organizer in the States of Ohio, Indiana Illinois, and he was sent as a delegate the Church of Our Merciful Saviour, at to the convention chiefly by white Socialists. Louisville, Ky., has been selected to preach 4 Atlantic City has decided to adopt the the annual sermon before the Episcopal commission form of government. At a re Council of the Diocese of Kentucky next cent primary election ten candidates for the year. Nearly all the ministers of this council five commissionships were nominated. Dr. are Southern white men. N. L. Hawkins, a colored physician, was second on the list. <1 The thirty-eighth annual convention of the New England Baptist Missionary Association July 23 to 27. Miss Elizabeth C. Carter of Church steps were taken to lay before New Bedford is president and Miss Ida R. the annual conferences a proposition permit Cummings, 1234 Druid Hill Avenue, Balti ting racial bishops to be elected. The colored more, Md., is secretary. Report blanks can delegates, being unable to elect a Negro be had of the secretary. A large attendance bishop at present, threw their strength to is expected. the election of President W. P. Thirkield of •I The annual meeting of the Iowa Federa Howard. I. Garland Penn was elected secre tion of Colored Women's Clubs was held in tary of the Freedmen's Aid Society to suc Des Moines. ceed Dr. M. C. B. Mason, who has held that position for the last sixteen years. The (| A Y. M. C. A. conference of colored stu General Conference adopted resolutions com dents, with delegates from twenty-eight lead mending Dr. Mason's services in the highest ing schools, was held for ten days at Kings terms. Mountain, N. C.
TWO SCENES FROM 1 'MIDSUMMER'S NIGHT'S DREAM' was distributed at the conference. This year AS GIVEN BY THE WASHINGTON DRAMATIC CLUB address. The cornerstone was laid by ex- Theodore Cable, the champion hammer President Roosevelt in 1907. The building thrower of Harvard, stands a chance of be is four stories high with a basement; in the ing elected captain of the varsity track team. basement is a barber shop, swimming pool HOWARD DREW, the young colored ath- *& Thomas McKnight, once collector of the lete who defeated Craig, the Michigan port of Tampa, Fla., is dead. sprinter, at the 100-meter distance in the fast time of ten and four-fifth seconds, hails from Stockholm games. land on McLelland Avenue for four years, 116 THE CRISIS COURTS started to build a house. Immediately the town passed the following ordinance: THE United States Supreme Court has set . "Ordinance No. 62, of the town of Moores- aside the decree of the Supreme Court of ville, N. C. It shall be unlawful for any Georgia, which enjoined colored men from person or corporation to move or cause to be incorporating a lodge in that State under moved any colored person or family into any the name of the Knights of Pythias. Chief house in the town of Mooresville, N. C, Justice White announced the opinion. This within the boundaries hereinafter set out, decision is far reaching in its effect, as there which is not at this time occupied by persons has been a general movement throughout the Southern States to restrain the Negroes from of the colored race, and any violation of this using the names or emblems, of the white ordinance shall constitute a misdemeanor, orders. and upon conviction such person or persons or corporation so offending shall be fined $50 The Georgia court based its decision on for each offense, and each and every day the rules of law which protect the public such colored person or persons shall be al against unfair trade methods. Justice lowed to occupy any house in said boundaries Holmes and Justice Lurton dissented. Chief as above specified shall constitute a separate Justice White held that there was no evi offense." J. E. BROWN, Mayor. dence to show that the colored lodges had E. C. DEATON, Clerk. injured their white namesakes in any way, May 1, 1912. and inasmuch as the Negroes had maintained their organization without complaint from *3I In Greenville, S. C, Goldsmith Brothers, the whites for more than twenty years, their colored grocers, bought property on North membership having • attained 300,000, the Main Street for $65,000. Immediately the white lodges were guilty of laches and could city council passed an ordinance to forbid not be heard to complain in a court of equity the ownership of property by Negroes in under such circumstances. white districts. In Richmond, Va., Henry Baker was fined $100 and costs for occupy «J The Court of Appeals of the State of ing a dwelling on Ashland Street, where New York has decided that the colored white residents predominate. Baker has order of Elks cannot use the name "Elks," appealed. In St. Louis, Mo., the West End but may use the insignia, colors and ritual. Association are trying to have a city segre gation ordinance passed. Denver, by means "How long can we follow the pursuits of MUSIC AND ART. life with safety or shall we seek safety in A CONCERT took place May 29 at the flight ? We have waited patiently to see the **• New Twelfth Baptist Church in Bos men committing these crimes brought to ton, Mass. Mr. Mellville Charlton, the justice, and their guilt or innocence estab organist of New York, presented an effective lished. Our people are so often beaten and program. Mrs. Jessie E. Shaw, a pianist, clubbed by the officers that they are afraid assisted Mr. Charlton. and have a horror of being arrested, and Egypt, Camille Saint-Saens, the French a white woman. This is the fourth Negro composer, conducted his symphonic poem lynched in Tyler in the last few years. At "Africa." The themes of the composition, Valdosta, Ga., a Negro, Emanuel, is said written for piano and orchestra, show the to have been killed and thrown into the river unusual scale progression and original for shooting at a white man who was not rhythms of the Negro folk song. killed. At Nashville, Tenn., J. Samuels, a «I On May 27, in Chicago, Ill., the Choral colored man charged with attacking a white Study Club of Chicago, before a large audi woman, was shot to death. At Salisbury, ence, presented S. Coleridge-Taylor's "Blind Md., a number of curious stories have been Girl of Castle Guille" and Cowan's "St. sent out. A colored farmhand was accused John's Eve," under the direction of Mr. of attacking the daughter of a farmer; then Pedro T. Tinsley, conductor. the charge was that he had attacked her The soloists were Mrs. Virginia Greene several times, but the fact had not been and Mrs. Martha B. Anderson, soprani; Mrs. reported. An attempt was made to lynch Clara K. Williams, contralto; Mr. George L. the man, but he was taken by the sheriff to Johnson, tenor; Mr. T. Theodore Taylor, Baltimore. A well-known white citizen of baritone. Baltimore writes us as follows: "I find that The Music News of Chicago gives credit the extent and excitement of the mob was to the soloists for their excellent work, and greatly exaggerated. A gentleman from the to the accompanists, Mrs. Pelagie Blair and county says that the case of assault Was not Miss M. Gertrude Jackson, who assisted the very clear; you can see for yourself there orchestra. The reviewer writes: "The chorus is something a little peculiar about it." and soloists seemed to enter thoroughly into CHARLES L. MITCHELL other charge. The incident was widely com THE colored race lost a famous fighter in mented on at the time and shortly afterward the month of May, when Charles L. he received a second lieutenancy, one of the Mitchell died at his home in Roxbury, Mass. few colored men to be thus honored. Born in Hartford, Conn., in 1829, of a well- Returning to Boston with what Wendell known colored family, he went to work as a Phillips called "that added grace, the halting which is the stateliest step of the soldier," he was elected to the legislature by a handsome majority, and he was also given a post in the customs house, which he held for forty- three years. He took a prominent part in the life of the city and was in close touch with all movements for the betterment of his race. He was one of the pallbearers at the funeral of Mr. Garrison, and served as one of the five members of General N. P. Hallowell's staff when the Robert Gould Shaw monument was unveiled. When the Cuban War broke THE LATE CHARLES L. MITCHELL printer in Boston, in 1853, and found con genial employment on William Lloyd Garri son's Liberator. He worked with the great abolitionist until the Civil War broke out, but he enlisted with the Fifty-fifth Massa chusetts Regiment as soon as the colored men were called on. He had a remarkable record for bravery in the war. He was camp printer for a time; he begged, however, to be sent to the firing line and took part in the battle of Honey Hill, in which one-third of the force engaged was killed. His foot was taken off by a cannon shot, but they told the story of how, when he was being carried bleeding from the field, he sat upright on the stretcher to cheer a regiment that went by to make an- CHARLES BURROUGHS MEN OF THE MONTH 119 followed the lines of the familiar dramatic type, but in 1906 he determined to empha size the interpretative and educational phases of his work, and in recent years his appear ances have been largely before college and academic audiences. Mr. Lewis F. Mott, of the department of English in the College of the City of New York, has lectured together with Mr. Burroughs, and he wrote to the department of education that he found the audience, which had listened to him with patience, got what it wanted when Mr. Bur roughs rose. "His readings of many pas sages I cannot easily forget," he said, in speaking of Mr. Burroughs' interpretation of "Macbeth." "They were, in my humble judgment, superb." TWO DOCTORS OF PHILOSOPHY. THE commencements of 1912 have seen two colored men receive the degree of doctor of philosophy, Columbia University conferring it on Mr. George Edmund Haynes and Harvard on Mr. C. G. Woodson. Mr. Haynes was born in Pine Bluff, Ark., GEORGE E. HAYNES in 1880. He attended the Richard Allen In stitute in his native town, the Agricultural out he was so active in organizing the col and Mechanical College at Normal, Ala., and ored Company L of the Sixth Massachusetts then entered the preparatory school at Fisk that his injured leg sent him again to the University. He received his A. B. degree hospital and he suffered another amputation, from Fisk in 1903. He had worked nearly so that he was as truly wounded in Cuba's every step of his educational way, but he cause as he had been when he fought for the determined to go on and won a tuition freedom of the slave. Mr. Mitchell married Miss Nellie Brown of Dover, N. H., who is well known as a musi cian and who survives him. CHARLES BURROUGHS. MR. CHARLES BURROUGHS, who was born in Galveston, Tex., in 1875, has a unique record. For three years he has lectured on Shakespeare under the New York Board of Education, speaking to audiences in every borough of the greater city and achieving a remarkable success. Mr. Burroughs had to leave school at the age of fourteen, but that did not incline him to give up thoughts of further education, and he managed to enter Wilberforce University and graduate from it in 1897. By that time, however, he had become convinced that his future lay in the field of vocal expression, and he entered the Boston School of Expres sion where he studied for a year. At the beginning of his career as a public reader he C. G. WOODSON 120 THE CRISIS scholarship at Yale, earning the money neces Dr. Woodson is a man of unusual experi sary for his board and lodging in various ence. In 1903 he was appointed supervisor ways. He received an A. M. • degree from of schools in the Philippines, where he Yale in 1904. From 1905 to 1908 he was a served three years. Setting out from the traveling secretary for the International Philippines, he completed his tour around Committee of the Young Men's Christian the world, traveling in Asia, Africa and Association; from 1908 to 1910 he held a Europe. In 1907 he was a student at the fellowship of the Bureau of Social Research Sorbonne, in Paris, working in the depart of the New York School of Philanthropy ment of history. When he returned to the and studied at Columbia University, where United States he entered the graduate .he has now taken his doctorate with a thesis .school of the University of Chicago, from on "The Negro at Work in New York City," which he received the degree of master of a subject on which he is an authority. arts in 1908. He next went to Harvard to Since 1910 Dr. Haynes has been professor continue his graduate work in history and of social science at Fisk University and political science as a candidate for the de director of the National League on Urban gree of doctor of philosophy. Having by Conditions Among Negroes, with headquar 1909 completed the work in residence re ters in New York City. The league is com quired for this degree, he accepted the posed of white and colored persons, and has position of instructor in modern languages various purposes uniting, indeed, three or in the Washington High Schools, that he ganizations in one. It seeks to promote and might have access to the Library of Congress to do constructive and preventive social work to write a doctor's dissertation. His thesis for improving the social and economic condi is "The Disruption of Virginia," a study in tions among Negroes in cities; to bring co the economic and constitutional history of ordination and co-operation among existing that State from its founding as a colony to agencies, and to develop other agencies when its dissolution in 1861. It is a careful in necessary; to make such studies in urban quiry into the peculiar geographic conditions centers as may be necessary for the objects of the State, the heterogeneity of its people, mentioned, and last, although perhaps most and the influence of slavery as factors in important, to train social workers. The causing the estrangement of Western Vir training of such workers in the best theory ginia from the other portion of the Old and practice of social work is, in the opinion Dominion. of the league and its director, "the very foundation stone for work among the Negro a people." The Cleveland Plain Dealer of March 26 C. G. Woodson, the second doctor of had the following editorial: philosophy, was born in Virginia in 1875, "One of the honor pupils at East High but he grew to manhood in West Virginia, School, just announced, is the same colored working in the coal mines to purchase a girl who won the spelling victory at the home and to defray the expenses of his sec National Educational Conference in this ondary education, which poverty had de city in 1908: It will be remembered how layed. In 1896 he finished the course of the scandalized certain Southern contestants were Douglass High School of Huntington, W. Va., because a girl of Negro blood was per and entered Berea College the following mitted to compare her talents with theirs. academic year. After doing a little less than Some of them were inclined to believe that three years of work at this institution he Cleveland put the girl upon the program left college to teach, and in 1900 was chosen primarily for the purpose of embarrassing principal of the high school, of which he visitors from the South. had been a student four years earlier. Avail "The publication of the honor list shows ing himself of the opportunities for summer that Miss Bolden is not only a good speller, work, he completed his college course at the but a capable all-round student. The promi University of Chicago, receiving the degree nence attained four years ago was won on of bachelor of arts. His professors testify merit and the struggle did not end with that that he did his work with distinction and triumph. The South ought to read the new praise him for his honorable career. "He chapter of Miss Bolden's career." has never held a position," says one, "which We have honored our cover page with a he could not get again, if it were vacant." picture of this charming young lady. Readin that "THIEVES," "LIARS" g section of under date of May 4, says that a report is in AND so FORTH. the Republican press circulation there that 'Roosevelt's backers which demands the offered Representative Slemp, chairman of nomination of President Taft, one is inter the Republican State Committee of Virginia, ested to discover that tens of thousands of $25,000 for the delegates from his State to dollars are being spent by Roosevelt to buy Chicago.' The World correspondent adds up the colored delegates to the national con that 'the vestibule of the Roosevelt head vention at Chicago. Reading the section of quarters here at times has looked like a the press which maintains that Roosevelt Negro meeting house in the South. Eleven alone can save the country, it is thril colored preachers from one State were there ling to find that by the reckless expendi one day. They came in a body to learn at ture of money Taft is securing the co-opera first hand about the new Moses who is to tion of the same delegates. No sooner has lead their people out of the political wilder one made up one's mind as to the source ness.' 'It is estimated,' says the World cor of corruption than another newspaper ar respondent again, 'using the alleged offer to rives with convincing proof just the other Representative Slemp as a basis, that Roose way. velt workers have offered over $375,000 for Mr. McKinley, the Taft chairman, declares Southern delegates in Maryland, West Vir that Roosevelt got the colored vote of Mary ginia, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, North land by open purchase. The Roosevelt men Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, say this is "a diabolical lie," and that anyone Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Oklahoma who repeats it is "an •unqualified liar." The and Texas.'" Charleston News and Courier, looking on at Then, on the other hand, Collier's Weekly, the fight, remarks: "Both Roosevelt and which is ardently championing the cause Taft are now exerting their efforts to con of Roosevelt, goes into details about vince the black politicians that the one is the the corruption of the Republican "machine" greater friend to them than the other. The in the South and makes specific charges purchasable and corrupt delegations, which against the so-called leaders, white and col represent nothing but themselves, have in ored, in the State of Georgia. Henry S. the course of events become the arbiters of Jackson, collector of internal revenue, is the convention fight. On them the issue of president of the State League of Taft Clubs the contest will depend." of Georgia, and has been sending letters to The Charlotte (N. C.) Observer, which is Republicans to raise what Collier's calls a a progressive paper and frequently fair to "slush fund." The magazine insists that colored men, sums up the anti-Roosevelt side these letters are in direct violation of the thus: "Comes the word from Washington law. "For writing these letters Mr. Jackson that the friends of Colonel Roosevelt at the can be dismissed from office. With a sensi national capital were elated to-day (Satur tive Department of Justice, it is entirely pos day) over the report from South Carolina sible that an indictment would be only the that Frank J. Young, a Negro tailor of preliminary to further proceedings. The Spartanburg, and a delegate to the Republi criminal code deals with such a letter as the can National Convention, had declared that first one." he and five other Negro delegates in his Mr. Jackson calls on the leaders, white and State, who were supposed to be pledged for colored, to go around among those "who are Taft, would vote for Roosevelt. A dispatch under some obligation to the party and from Washington to the New York World, solicit from all of them," then to distribute 122 THE CRISIS the sums among the county chairmen in myself. I am only confirmed in what I each district "in proportion to their needs." suspected then, and I am returning you here His chief lieutenant, according to Collier's, with the money, and you can do as you is a colored man, Benjamin J. Davis. see fit. Collier's goes into the matter of some indict "The insinuations that I can be or have ment brought against him awhile ago and been bought are known to be untrue and says: unfounded by no one better than those con "Six indictments were found against nected with your campaign as well as those Davis, and he is still out on bond. For of four years ago. I have never asked any years he has obtained a series of 'continu of you for one cent, and never applied for ances'—that is, postponements of trial. an office." These postponements amount to granting The Roosevelt managers regard this letter this criminal immunity. He is the most as "proof" of their contention while the Taft valuable asset which the Republican party men say it is "proof" of theirs. To pay of Georgia possesses. With these indict the traveling expenses of delegates who could ments held as a club over his head, he can not afford to defray them out of their own be forced into line, he and all his State-wide pockets has, apparently, been a political power." And the magazine also describes custom on both sides. his "abject flattering of those white men he While this merry recrimination went on is shaping to his own clever purposes." the colored delegates for the most part As the campaign drew nearer to the great proved to be an unusually high class of men day at Chicago, a discussion of the manners and for the most part unbribable. The and morals of the colored delegates filled col only weak part about them is that the mass umns of newspapers which ordinarily close of their constituents remain disfranchised their pages to all mention of the black man and are helpless, of their own initiative, to unless he has been very spectacularly remedy such evils as exist. lynched. Manager McKinley said he had "proof" that Ormsby McHarg, Roosevelt's The Rev. Horace Bum- campaign manager, had bribed colored dele THE LOGICAL stead, who lived in the gates who were pledged to support Taft. In WHITE MAN. South for thirty-five retaliation the Roosevelt headquarters gave years teaching black boys and girls, reviews out a letter from Charles Banks of Missis in the Congregationalist Raymond Patter sippi, in which he returns to McKinley son's "The Negro and His Needs," a work money given him "to defray traveling expen commended in a "Foreword" by President ses of some of the delegates." Mr. Banks Taft. Dr. Bumstead finds sincerity of pur says he has turned to Roosevelt as a protest pose in the volume and then points out a against conditions in his State. few of Mr. Patterson's contradictions, which "When I was in Washington a few weeks are so typical of the muddle-headed condi ago looking after the new Federal Court bill tion of even the average well-intentioned from Mississippi," he writes, "and called at man in regard to the Negro question that your headquarters, your assistant, without we cannot forbear to quote them: any suggestion from me whatever, brought "Among his conclusions," says Dr. Bum- up the matter of expenses for delegates from stead, "are such as these: 'Put a little black my State. I told him then and there, in schoolhouse within sound of every planta your presence, that so far as I was concerned tion bell,' and yet, 'stop Negro education I would not accept any expense money for with the grammar school'— forgetting that me whatever. You then proposed that I it is the high schools and colleges that have take enough for the rest of the delegates. furnished nearly all the competent Negro I stated to you that they were all men who teachers for the elementary schools and have could get to Chicago, and you could look never been able to furnish enough. 'Stop after the matter; here both of you, however, the colored university just where it is,' and proposed that the matter be closed then, to yet, 'plant industrial schools of the Tuske- which I agreed. gee and Hampton type in every black "On my arrival at Chicago Wednesday, I county'— ignoring the dependence of such found that you, or someone connected with schools on the higher institutions for their you, had informed the delegates that you had teachers and managers, to say nothing of the given me a lot of money for them as well as proper preparation of pupils fitted to enter OPINION 123 industrial schools. 'Keep the Negro out of try at 90 years of age be felling a tree in politics in the South'—without the ballot, the forest, where by reason of his infirmity educational and economic opportunity are he drops dead beneath its shock. Give him inevitably restricted— 'until the average of and his kind a quiet and easy position now the race is at least equal to that of the enjoyed by a 'kinky head.' European immigrant of to-day'— unaware of "Put the Anglo-Saxon in. They are hon the fact that in the Louisiana sugar district, orable; they are our blood. They helped where Negroes and Italians work together, save this country, if saved it was. They the work demanding the highest efficiency is have made this country and will perpetuate given not to the immigrants but to the Ne it. .Do something for them now. Turn groes. 'Do this by any means satisfactory Africa out and let America in. Go down to the rough and ready Anglo-Saxon mind to the Bureau of Printing and Engraving and patch up the constitution afterward'; where there stands a pure white girl work and 'lynch no Negro for anything except ing day by day and next to her a black crimes against women, and then be sure you Negro working day by day have the right Negro;' and then, on the same "The Speaker. 'The time of the gentle page with the foregoing prescriptions of man has expired.' lawlessness for the dominant race to prac "Mr. Roddenberry. 'Fire them out! tice, 'teach him morality and justice by the Fire them out! Fire them out! (Laughter.) example of the white man!' " If you have got Caucasian blood in your veins- kick them out.' " The Hon. S. A. Rod- THE GENTLEMAN denbery of Georgia "With an Indian first in FROM GEORGIA. WHAT'S THE MATTER nobly waved the banner the Olympic Pentathlon WITH WHITE MEN? of the Empire State of the South, where trial," remarks the New Negroes pay taxes on over $34,000,000 worth York Evening Post, "Theodore Cable, Jr., of property, on the occasion of a recent Harvard's colored athlete, the individual star debate in Congress. The question before of the Harvard-Yale track meeting, and the House was whether Spanish War pen Drew, the colored sprinter of the Springfield sions should or should not be increased, but High School, carrying off the honors in the the gifted Roddenbery did not become really Yale interscholastic meet at New Haven, all eloquent until he struck the Negro question. on Saturday last, it is plainly time to draw Then he said, as reported in the Congres the color line in athletics. How else will it sional Record: "If you really want to do be possible to maintain that the darker races something for these good Spanish War boys are totally lacking in stamina and strength? join with me and go down here to this Then these colored athletes have a bad habit Pension Office and take out the Africans, of becoming prominent later in life. turn them out of their jobs, and give the "For instance, William H. Lewis, the places to our Spanish War soldiers, and Assistant Attorney-General, whom the offi keep them there as long as they are able cials of the mighty American Bar Associa to work and labor. Let them administer a tion are now laboring to expel from member Caucasian government supported by Cau ship, used to be a star athlete at Amherst, casian taxpayers. When they get too old, and was later the 'brainiest' center rush that if they are indigent, then consider pension the Harvard football team ever possessed. ing them; then go down Pennsylvania Ave Mr. Matthews, who has now succeeded him nue to this massive War and Navy Build as Assistant United States District Attorney ing, walk up and down the aisles, and take in Boston, was a remarkable end rush, and those black sons of the cocoanut region who an equally conspicuous baseball player at sit there with big brown drops of sweat Harvard. Who knows what Theodore Cable, coming out of their foreheads, kick them Jr., may not aspire to, and what trouble he out, and put these old veterans of the Civil may not make for us all in the future? War there by those tables, at those tele Let us scotch him now by ruling that he phones under those electric fans, and as should not take part in any further inter long as they are able to labor let them have collegiate competitions—to discourage the the benefit of the nation's offices and grati others. Since athletic gatherings, are dis tude. Let not the old pioneer of this coun tinctly social events, the reason to be given 124 THE CRISIS is apparent; the safety of the white race teachers should not take up this work, but demands it. We are sure that the officials of there is greater need of well-trained colored the Bar Association will agree to this." teachers." The Chicago Defender, a colored paper, The New York Evening says that not since the remarkable series THE SADDEST OF Mail, which has often of conferences at the World's Fair has REBELLIONS. stood for justice to the Chicago seen such a significant and successful black men, calls the Cuban insurrection the convention as that of the National Associa saddest of rebellions. "The Negroes of that tion for the Advancement of Colored People. island had a bright dream when Cuba be "It is safe to go even further," it continues, came independent. They were to be on an "and say that never in this country has a equal level with white men forever. It was conference concerning the welfare of the chiefly their blood which had been shed for American Negro been attended by such bril the country's liberty. The revolution's liant results or been participated in by people greatest hero and martyr, Antonio Maceo, of such power and attainment. All lines of was a black man. creed, race and class seemed forgotten and "But little by little they have seen their all men stood as such before the world; and equal position frittered away, until lately an amount of enthusiasm has been aroused they were forbidden by law to organize a in the people of Chicago and vicinity which political party among themselves. Their far exceeds the hopes of the most optimistic." veterans were put out of the public offices The St. Louis Advance (colored) makes and white men of Spanish birth—even the some pertinent remarks about an appeal for hated Spanish guerrillas, who fought them funds from an industrial school in Missouri: in the jungle—were put in their places. "Such an institution is praiseworthy," it "Doubtless, we can in no way encourage says, "but in a great State like Missouri, with this black rebellion. It will be necessary to its ample school fund, such appeals should repress it. Misguided and deluded, the in be made to the legislature. Education in surgent blacks ravage American plantations. literary and practical directions is a duty of Their insurrection spells anarchy and bar the State and not a charity of the citizens." barism. But there is a streak of sadness in "In a Maryland community," says the their case, just the same. The words of the Philadelphia Inquirer, "a young man accused white orators of freedom, addressed to them of a heinous offense was arrested, tried im —'compatriots, comrades, brothers'—are still mediately, confessed his guilt and was sen ringing in their ears. They belong to a tenced to ten years' imprisonment. The brave race, that has always known how to offense was committed on Monday and the die. And for those of them who fall before trial took place the same day under extra their poor revolution is suppressed, we may ordinary conditions to prevent a lynching. drop the tear that has ever fallen upon the Justice is avenged. The people of the com tomb of him who has preferred death to munity are satisfied. There is no race war. degradation." The members of the race to which the offender belonged are upholding justice as There is a possibility of a summer normal administered. This is the sort of action school for colored teachers in New Orleans, which would save this country many black which leads the New Orleans Item to say marks and would enhance its reputation that the teachers have been neglected abroad." hitherto. "They have no institute for such Eg work as the white summer normal schools In an editorial the June CRISIS mentioned carry on, and are given few opportunities "the corresponding secretary" of the for lectures and association in study. The Woman's Suffrage Association as writing to Negro in the South needs industrial and gloss over the action on the "color line" at agricultural training above all things, but Louisville. We should have said that Miss there is also need of well-trained Negroes in Bertha Coover, corresponding secretary of the professions and in general business for the Ohio Suffrage Association, was the writer, the service of their own race. Naturally, at and not Mrs. Mary Ware Dennett, corre this stage of development, there is a very sponding secretary of the National Associa great need of the good teachers. There is tion. Mrs. Dennett is a staunch friend of really no valid reason why the best white justice, even for black folk. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE ONE of the best meetings the association the association visited Detroit and met a has ever held was in Indianapolis on group of enthusiastic, militant colored men, May 15, under the auspices of the Colored who, in a number of cases, had stopped race Women's Civic Club of that city. The speak discrimination in their city. They were ers were Mr. Charles Edward Russell, Mr. anxious to learn of the work of the National Alexander Irvine and Miss Ovington. The Association for the Advancement of Colored beautiful little Christian church was filled People, and it is these men who are the to the doors with earnest colored people who nucleus of the Detroit branch. The associa were impressed with the sincerity of the tion is fortunate in securing the co-operation speakers and the aggressive work that the of so public-spirited and self-respecting a association has been doing. Mr. Russell, group of colored citizens. whose opening address at the last session of the association's first conference will never On June 4, at its regular meeting, the be forgotten by those who heard it, made board of directors accepted Miss Ovington's again a noble appeal for human brother resignation as secretary of the National As hood. When he had finished, the president sociation. "We express," it said, "our last of the club, Mrs. Mary Cable, voiced the ing appreciation of her services and devotion feeling of the audience by rising to "thank and our deep sense of obligation for the God for Charles Edward Russell." year of voluntary work which she has given Mr. Irvine told of his experiences in the to the association and to the cause it repre South when he went as a laborer to study sents." Miss Ovington was unanimously conditions among the workers, black and elected a vice-president of the National white. He was sent in the interests of a Association. magazine, and his story of the white laborer's Miss May Childs Nerney was appointed to poverty and suffering met with ready ac the secretary's position. Miss Nerney has ceptance by his publisher, but the full story had large experience in executive work, hav of the black laborer he was unable to place ing served as secretary to the State Librarian in print. at Albany, and later as head of the order It was an impressive and never-to-be-for department. She comes to the association gotten gathering, and it will probably result from the Newark Public Library, where she in an Indianapolis branch. Two smaller has been reference librarian. meetings were held, at which Miss Ovington explained fully the objects of the association From time to time we have reported the and the work it is undertaking. progress of the Bolin case against the Pali sades Amusement Park. Last summer Mr. This month the association welcomes a Paul C. Bolin, organist at St. Phillip's, to sixth branch, that of Detroit, Mich. The gether with his brother, Mr. L. W. Bolin, his branch comes in with 41 members and the wife and some friends, went to Palisades following officers: President, Mr. William Park, where several of them were refused ad Osby; vice-president, Mr. Charles Webb; mittance. The association became interested in corresponding secretary, Mr. Leonard C. the case and tried to get a criminal indict Thompson; recording secretary, Mr. A. J. ment. The local district attorney was dilatory Bass; treasurer, Mr. Walter D. Johnson. and nothing was done. Then on advice of our In January of this year the secretary of attorneys a civil suit was brought. The com- 126 THE CRISIS 2000 OUR MEMBERSHIP 1500 500 640, JUNE 15,1912 CLOCK JOIN US Life members pay $500. Donors pay $100, sustaining members $25, and contributing members $10, $5 or $2 per year. Associate members pay $1 per year. The subscription to THE CRISIS is $1 extra, except to members paying $5 or more, who signify their wish that $1 of their dues be considered a CRISIS subscription. Checks should be made payable to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 26 Vesey Street, New York City. All members in good standing have the privilege of attending and of voting at the annual conference of the association. pany saw no escape, and having no defense Du Bois. There seems to be a good chance promptly came to terms by paying the Bolins of starting a branch of the association in $300 cash for damages, and giving the family Cleveland. We have brought the clock this month from our advertising pages to our association notes that all may see our progress in secur ing new members and the road we have to travel before January 1, 1913. Will not our friends throughout the United States help our minute hand to move more rapidly from month to month? After this, look for the clock in the adver tising- section. THE BANNER OF VICTORY On May 8 the chairman of the board of directors sent the following telegram to the a free pass for the season. If there is any governor of Louisiana: further color discrimination at Palisades Park we should be glad to hear of it. New York evening papers report that Negro flood refugees are being compelled to work on At the National Conference of Charities the levees by your order without pay. May we and Correction at Cleveland our association ask you to confirm, deny or explain this report? If true, will you explain under what law this occupied an afternoon. Engineers' Hall was action is taken? filled with 500 listeners who heard President THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE Thwing, of Western Reserve University, ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE, Judge Mack, president of the conference, Mr. Oswald Garrison Villard, Chairman of the Charles W. Chesnutt, Miss Ovington and Dr. Board of Directors. THE N. A. A. C. P. 127 The governor replied as follows: if others, of a thriftless character, were per mitted to enjoy the hospitality of the commun Baton Rouge, La., May 9, 1912. ity without rendering some service in the crisis Oswald Garrison Villard, Chairman Board of or if they were put on payrolls while the great Directors, National Association for the bulk of the people worked for nothing. Advancement of Colored People, 20 Vesey The governor is well within the bounds of Street, New York: truth when he says that nine-tenths of the In reply to your telegram of eighth, all able- refugees are of the colored race. The sub bodied men in refugee camps, regardless of merged sections of the State are chiefly those color, are given the option of working and eating of cotton and sugar plantations on which large or doing neither. Thousands of citizens, in forces of Negroes are employed, parishes in cluding myself, are working day and night, which the colored population is many times that actually on the levees, voluntarily without pay, of the white, and most of Federal and local trying to hold the flood area down to a mini- relief has been to relieve the distress of the mum. The resources of the State are being race Mr. Villard is seeking to advance. strained to their utmost to save lives and prop Louisiana has made no distinction of color erty and care for the refugees, nine-tenths of in its relief or rescue work. When Selma levee whom are Negroes. New homes are being pro broke 5,600 people were rescued in a few days vided for all refugees' families who care to by the expeditions organized by leading citizens take advantage of the opportunity. of Louisiana and Mississippi. Many were in J. E. SANDERS, great peril. Unusual heroism was, in many Governor of Louisiana. instances, displayed by the rescuers. Yet, over 5,000 of the number who were removed to Considerable publicity was given the two safety in the first few days and then clothed communications, and the chairman of the and fed were colored people. board received some severe censure from the Any attempt, therefore, to represent Louisiana as harsh or unjust to the unfortunate Southern press. The Houston (Tex.) Daily Negro victims of these flood conditions is slan Post says: derous, and local members of the race ought to The situation in Louisiana is one that is take it upon themselves to present the true facts taxing all the resources of the people to save to Mr. Oswald Garrison Villard and his per the State from further disaster. Already the turbed associates so that the American people property and crop losses are tens of millions may know the true facts. of dollars and tens of thousands of people are On the other hand, information of a differ rendered homeless. The majority of these are Negroes. Their homes are gone, they are with ent character has come to the association out money and they are dependent upon public from colored people. We quote in part funds and charity for food. In the strenuous three letters: effort to save the State from' additional loss, the governor and those in charge of the work EDITOR OF THE CRISIS : have the right to expect and demand the aid of I shall do my best to furnish you with all every able-bodied man, and the able-bodied the information I can gather about the flood Negro or white man who refuses to work ought situation, and if it is possible I shall secure to be compelled to work under the circumstances. pictures of the refugee camps of both the white and colored sufferers. I fear, however, it will There are times when men must work with not be an easy task, in view of the fact that the no thought of pay. Immediately following the Louisiana authorities are discouraging, if not Galveston disaster there was work to be done actually by order forbidding, the giving out of which involved the lives of the men, women and the whole truth of the situation, especially as children who survived the flood, and the men concerns the colored people. * * * The who were being cared for were required to do authorities do not like the idea of letting the it, just as able-bodied refugees are required to outside world know what the Mississippi floods work in Louisiana in a crisis, just as acute. do at times to people living in the delta Under the circumstances, we think Mr. of the State—it being regarded as '' bad Villard's inquiry of the governor of Louisiana advertisement.'' was insolent. The New Orleans State gives the follow And a later letter of May 15, from the ing account of Baton Rouge conditions : same correspondent, goes on to say: Baton Rouge has been confronted with a There are probably 50,000 people driven flood of unprecedented proportions and has been from their homes by the Torras crevasse, and making a supreme struggle to hold the river the refugees of the flooded lands, from all ac within bounds. All the available convicts of the counts received from trustworthy sources, are, in State have concentrated there to aid in it. But the eases of the colored people, a piteous lot. the task has been of such magnitude that the In the camps of the colored flood sufferers in university cadets, public officials and citizens of the city of Baton Rouge, where there are in the every station in life have also had to contribute neighborhood of 6,000 of them, in many cases their services, both day and night, and have without enough clothes on to present themselves done so cheerfully and enthusiastically. Many in public, the shame and suffering of the of the refugees have gladly taken their posts refugees cannot be described. They are camped for the good of all. It would be a mockery in the colored churches, colored halls and, in a 128 THE CRISIS word, in any place that will give them shelter this State. I am truly glad that some have at night. Hundreds are together in buildings interested themselves enough to venture thus far with nothing to lie upon but the bare floors, in the matter, and perhaps I can give you some and nothing to cover with but the scanty clothes information, as I am a resident here and know they are in all day. Their food is scant and the conditions that exist. Now, so far as the many of the children are often crying for some working of colored men is concerned, they have thing to eat, while their fathers are away work been working any colored man they saw in the ing for their own rations on the levees under streets several days before a single refugee came the rule, '' no work, no ration,'' which has been to Baton Rouge. Men were arrested and put made strict, especially in the case of the col to work without pay, and any man—I mean ored refugees in the camps. colored man—who had no work was taken to Many of the refugees will never return to the levee gang captain, and made to work with the flooded territory. It is declared that the out pay or food; while white men who never floods have been '' blessings in disguise" to a worked were crowding the river banks acting large number of the refugees, in that the waters as guards to keep them there. Now these poor brought them where they had no easy way of unfortunate refugees, who have come here fam coming in safety otherwise, on account of the ished and exhausted from exposure, from bat opposition any attempt on their part to leave tling with the flood, half naked and sick, are for better conditions always met. They could immediately put in charge of a guard with a not get away before the flood came, and, as it gun and sent to work throwing up embankments were, rescued them; but now that they are away and levees, given some salt meat and corn bread and the old '' debt charge'' cannot restrain which the United States Government provides them, they intend never to go back. for them. They toil until exhausted and are The white refugees in Baton Rouge are be taken back to camp for a few hours and then ing cared for in the asylums, public buildings brought back again to work. and the best places obtainable for their com Not only here in Baton Rouge does this forts, and the work done by the men folk con exist, but at Fort Hudson, Shreveport, Natchez sists mainly in overseeing the working Negroes and all along the river men are made to do this and acting as guards on the levees in place of same work that the Government has made ap the militia which has been withdrawn. propriations for. Colored men are forced to do Many of the colored churches and societies it for nothing at the point of a bayonet; boys in New Orleans are making appropriations for ranging from 15 to 18 years old have charge of the relief of the Negro flood sufferers, the gangs of men. They carry a gun to intimidate amounts varying from $5 to $25. The colored and scare them, and they are driven like so people hope in this way to alleviate much of the many beasts. Don't believe any of that rot suffering of the unfortunates. In Alexandria about white men being put to work there; they and other towns of the State the colored people are driving '' Niggers,'' as they say it here. are taking- the same kind of steps to help the Something should be done, if possible, for sufferers. After the floods, when all will be these unfortunate creatures, who have lost home free to talk, will be the best time to get the and all their belongings, and in many cases whole truth of the present flood situation. Rev. their families. The colored people here have E. D. Sims is chairman of the colored flood responded very generously and have given shel committee, the other members being Rev. A. ter to several thousands; every available hall Hubbs, A. Richard, J. Johnson and J. Grandi- and place of shelter has been turned into a son. Altogether, they carried 10,000 garments camp for them. On Monday night, at Wesley to the flood sufferers at Baton Rouge. Chapel, in thirty minutes $120 was taken up for the relief of the babies and larger children, there being something over 300 of them in the N. B.—If you make use of this, do not let various camps. Everything possible is being my name appear, as it might be used to annoy done for the comfort of the women and children, me. while the men must slave on the levees for The third letter runs as follows: nothing. I guess I have written about as much as I can at present, so I shall close. MR. VILLARD: I am sending this letter to New York to be Baton Rouge, La. mailed to you from there. Should you speak of P. S.—Should you answer this, address me this letter through the papers please don't men in plain envelope. tion my name, as I am even afraid to mail it to you from here, as it would be opened as soon as f! they saw your name, as publications are cen THE CRISIS FLOOD FUND. sored before printed in regard to the conditions here. The publishers of THE CRISIS will be glad to receive contributions for the victims of the MR. OSWALD GARRISON VILLARD, flood and to see to it that this relief is dis 20 Vesey Street, New York City. tributed to those most in need. We do not DEAR SIR: pretend to know the whole truth in regard I noticed in the afternoon paper published to this situation, but we are certain that the here that you have been making inquiries in real story of the wretchedness, suffering and regard to the working of the refugees who have sought safety here from the flooded parishes of oppression is yet to be told. EDITORIAL POLITICS. in the right should election officials deny it him. That Negroes in this State may HE Southern delegates to freely qualify to vote is fully attested the national Republican by the fact that thousands of them do nominating convention vote." Again the New Orleans Picayune are causing the quad declared with regard to the complaint rennial hurrah: "They of disfranchisement: "The arrant and represent nothing;" absolute falsity of the specification in "they are venal;" "they ought to be regard to the ballot is seen in the fact eliminated;" all this we hear on every that every legal bar to the exercise of side. But of the one natural remedy we the ballot applies to whites and Negroes hear little. That remedy is: let the black alike. Every elector (voter) must delegates represent in reality the black either be able to read and write or, in disfranchised millions whom now they case of illiteracy, he must pay taxes on represent on paper. The wonder is to ordinary assessable property of the mini day that the fifty colored delegates are mum value of $300. These laws are as good a body of men as they are with strictly in accordance with the require so few of the heelers and gangsters. ments of the Constitution of the United Yet the disreputable are among them, as States, and have been so pronounced we all know, and to get rid of them let us by the courts." have real democracy in the South. En Just so in earlier days before legal franchise the blacks and let them learn disfranchisement paper after paper and to weed out the rascals whom white poli orator after orator declared that the ticians now appoint to represent the Negro could and did vote without let or Negro race. hindrance. But Southern Negroes do vote, say Despite this every intelligent person some. in the United States knows that these To the honest seeker for light the statements are false. The Southern puzzling thing about the Southern testimony to this is itself open and con situation is the absolutely contra vincing. Not only have we Mr. Till dictory statements that are often made man's frank and picturesque testimony concerning conditions. For instance, on the past, but the Richmond Leader the New York Evening Post was some says that all is well in Virginia "since time ago taken to task by the Nor we disfranchised the Negro;" Congress folk (Va.) Landmark for assuming that man Underwood of Alabama says the Southern colored men are largely dis Alabama Negro '' does not count for any franchised. The Virginia paper says: thing politically'' in that State; a promi '' No Negro in Virginia can be kept from nent judge on the Mississippi bench voting, provided he measures up to the says: "The Negroes in Mississippi do same requirements for the exercising not vote and should not;" and in of that right that the white man must. Louisiana it is a matter of plain official The laws of the State will protect him record that of over 150,000 Negro males 130 THE CRISIS at least 21 years of age, of whom nearly unscrupulous colored men to play on the 70,000 could read and write, there were ignorance of the white world as to what in 1908 only 1,743 registered as voters is going on in the colored group. If a and these were disfranchised by the man announces himself to be of a cer "white primary" system. In the face tain position in the white world, he is of these facts does it pay deliberately to immediately looked up carefully. But misrepresent the truth? trie colored impostor is taken on blind "Oh, well," sighs the reader, "it is faith and his lies and peculations when too bad for colored folk." But is it discovered are credited to the whole bad for colored folk only? The St. black race. In Atlanta there is a col Louis Globe-Democrat said in 1911: ored preacher who is making a living "In electing last fall nine congressmen, and some notoriety by vilifying his all Democrats, according to the auto people; he has been repudiated by his matic system, Alabama cast a total vote own church and school, but has an insti of 96,303, an average of about 10,700 tution of his own which he is promoting. votes to a district. The last census gives His latest bid for white Southern sup Alabama a population of 2,138,093. port is this: Only one Alabaman in twenty-two goes '' Our training in the college, university to the polls. In Northern States the and grammar school has been too much average of voters in proportion to popu of the theoretical, showy kind, more for lation is one in five. An examination of name than reality. How many of our the vote of the Alabama congressional boys and girls, who are said to be well districts in detail is interesting. In sis educated, are almost helpless for the of the nine districts the Democratic can reason that they can do nothing that didate ran without opposition, and in really pays or that somebody wants one of these less than 6,800 votes were done. This is illustrated by the large cast. In the district of Mr. Underwood, army to be seen at our depots, pool Democratic leader in the House, the total rooms and street corners in the red-light of votes was but 10,114. In Mr. Under districts of the communities and cities wood's district also the proportion of where we are so largely congested." voters to population is only one in This is a contemptible lie. The grad twenty. Why the great preponder uates of Southern Negro schools and ance of absentees? The disfranchised colleges are not loafing in the '' red- colored vote accounts for only a part. light" districts and this man knows it. More than half the white voters But what difference does that make so of Alabama also are disfranchised some how, or else disfranchise themselves." long as the white world of Atlanta praises him, uses his words to traduce Of such material are the foundations and cripple worthy colored schools, and of this republic. gives him letters with which to raise money from gullible Northerners for ffl an institution that exists chiefly on FRAUD AND IMITATION. paper ? S the colored people be Another method of deception has been come more and more discovered in promoting conventions. a self-conscious, self- There is a National Association of directing group, with Teachers in colored schools, which is organs of intelligence now nine years old. Seeing its success, and moving representa some colored men in Kansas City have tives, it is becoming difficult to deceive been promoting in the last two years a them as to men and movements. On the "Negro National Educational Con other hand, there is still opportunity for gress." They have advertised widely, EDITORIAL 131 induced governors to appoint "dele cutter, carriage maker, plasterer,.mason, gates" and sought to make it appear painter—or at any other decent trade, that they had the support of some body unless he works as a "scab," or unless of worthy teachers. in some locality he has secured such a In fact they are nothing but a private foothold that the white union men are set of promoters, many of whom are said not able easily to oust him. to be of doubtful reputation, and not one This policy is not always avowed of them of any considerable standing (although there are a dozen unions affili in the colored educational world. Their ated with the American Federation of "convention" at Denver last year barely Labor who openly confine admission to missed being a fiasco, and we trust that "white" men), but it is perfectly well the worthy colored citizens of St. Paul understood. Some unions, like the will see to it that this "convention" printers and the carpenters, admit a lone does not parade in that city under colored man here and there so as to false colors, and bring ten million enable them the more easily to turn people into contempt. down the rest. Others, like the masons, m admit Negroes in the South where they must, and bar them in the North where ORGANIZED LABOR. they can. HE CRISIS believes in or Whatever the tactics, the result is the ganized labor. It real same for the mass of white workingmen izes that the standard of in America; beat or starve the Negro out living among workers of his job if you can by keeping him has been raised in the out of the union; or, if you must admit last half century through him, do the same thing inside union the efforts and sacrifice of laborers lines. banded together in unions, and that all American labor to-day, white, black and What then must be the attitude of the yellow, benefits from this great move black man in the event of a strike like ment. that of the white waiters of New York" The mass of them must most naturally For such reasons we carry on our regard the union white man as their front cover the printer's union label to enemy. They may not know the history signify that the printing and binding of of the labor movement, but they know this magazine is done under conditions the history of white and black waiters and with wages satisfactory to the printers' union. in New York, and when they take back the jobs out of which the white waiters "We do this in spite of the fact, as well have driven them, they do the natural known to us as to others, that the "con and sensible thing, howsoever pitiable ditions satisfactory" to labor men in the necessity of such cutthroat policies this city include the deliberate exclusion in the labor world may be. So long as from decent-paying jobs of every black union labor fights for humanity, its mis man whom white workingmen can ex sion is divine; but when it fights for a clude on any pretense. We know, and clique of Americans, Irish or German all men know, that under ordinary cir monopolists who have cornered or are cumstances no black artisan can to-day work as printer, baker, blacksmith, car trying to corner the market on a certain penter, hatter, butcher, tailor, street or type of service, and are seeking to sell railway employee, boilermaker, book that service at a premium, while other binder, electrical worker, glass blower, competent workmen starve, they deserve machinist, plumber, telegrapher, electro- themselves the starvation which they typer, textile worker, upholsterer, stone plan for their darker and poorer fellows. 132 THE CRISIS THE THIRD BATTLE OF BULL BUN. "A man to see you, sir." T is just south of Manassas "Who?" snorts Wall Street, wheeling where Beauregard had in his chair. his supplies, and east of "Colored man—begging, I think, sir.'' the first two battlefields, "Another Nigger school! Give him with their ghastly relies $5 and send him on." and calm and guardian And the Forager pockets his shame mountains. and moves wearily to the West. This third battlefield is dotted with ""Yes? Well, I'm giving so much to buddings green and red. A little flying colored people already—what is this engine pants continuously with its water school ?'' burden, and to and fro pass dark grace "Manassas Industrial School? Yes. ful girls and sturdy brown-faced boys. And for colored youth? Yes? I never There are green lawns and little trees, heard of it. I give to things I hear of— and westward in a hidden grotto, a grove Battle? I thought the war was over; green golden, echoing with the voices of it isn't. How sad. Good-day.'' new graduates long gone. The dull Thus in drippings of the rich and crimson building in the midst—How- pennies of the poor each year $18,000 land Hall—stands sturdily with a cer is raised to dig the trench and fire the tain quietude, flinging a long, low wing fuse and strengthen the soul in this third modestly behind it, where sprites and struggle at Manassas. gnomes and fairies dart in and out and Who is fighting? North and South, to and fro in busy work. black and white, rich and poor? Oh, no Southward the girls are clustered, —more primal, more stupendous is this northward the boys, and round about struggle of worlds; light and leading and are teachers' families often new founded industry against darkness and hate and with new and cunning babies, albeit one the Devil-of-things-that-be. And who and the prettiest had fled, suddenly, and wins? God wins—or is ever about to left a sorrow underneath the trees. win, if only the Forager staggers home Teachers there are, varicolored, sunny with the food to feed the weary watchers and sad, but quiet all, busy and happy, in the trenches, the black-sweated fight eager and glad. With them and not ers in the fields. Pity the Forager, my above them is the principal with his boy brothers, and hold up his hands! face and his wife who has wings—wings Sunset on the battlefield, and the hard finely frayed with beating at the bars of breathing of them that rest from their life—but wings withal, and in her eyes labors; to the West, glory; to the East, dreams. the moon; between, shadows of things But the battle? Ah, yes, the battle, that were and are to be; around, a rose- the third and blood-bought battle of this grown porch, the patter of little feet, winding brook that whimpers 'twixt the Woman - with - wings, Man - who - is - mountains and the sea; the blood of ever-young, and laughter. wounded souls lies along the gold green Up from the earth come voices, heavy of that campus—the hail of the iron with sorrow: that enters thuds through the thick dark "O brother you must bow so low, skins. Now and then the bitter stifled "O brother you must bow so low, wail of the dying breaks the sudden "For long is the way to the ever stillness, then the ranks close and the bright world, school moves on. ''Let the Heaven light shine on me!" It's costly, this fighting. Costly in And so on till we sleep; in our blood and men, costly in money, costliest ears the soft low panting of the engine in worry and apprehension. Each year, catching its breath; in our eyes the ever each month, the Forager goes North: lasting stars. The Year in Colored Colleges With portraits of their honor students REPORTS to THE CRISIS from twenty colored in stitutions of higher training reveal some interesting facts. They represent $4,997,800 worth of property and land, but they have only $1,664,000 in invested endowment. In these colleges there were last year 991 students of full col lege rank, and of these 163 graduated in June with the bachelor's degree. Six of the colleges have finished new Lincoln has a newly endowed professorship buildings during the year: the new engineer of physics, and has been recognized as an ing building at Howard which cost $23,000; accredited college by the State of Pennsyl the new Hubbard Hospital at Walden cost vania. Talladega has a new professor of ing $45,000; at Atlanta Baptist College a social extension work; Benedict, a new presi chapel and office building, costing $40,000; dent ; while Mr. B. G. Brawley leaves the at Wilberforce a girls' cottage, costing chair of English at Howard to become dean $40,000; a dormitory at $28,000 and a dining of Atlanta Baptist College. hall at $14,000 at the State College of South After all, our interest in these institutions Carolina, and a small administration build is personal and centers most in the student ing at Hartshorn. body. We have asked all these colleges to ACADEMIC PROCESSION, HOWARD UNIVERSITY 134 THE CRISIS JAMES BOND, Knoxville MISS F. JONES, Knoxville J. M. SAMPSON. Virginia Union send us the photographs of the ranking' Virginia Union; Berry, of Lincoln; Bond scholars of their graduating college class. and Miss Jones, of Knoxville; Lovette and The result is the group of faces looking out Miss R. Jones, of Fisk. We add Edith on the reader from these pages; strong, bright Louise Wright, who is valedictorian in the young folk who have demanded the light West High School for 100 classmates, all and received it in spite of the opinion of white, and Isabella Vandervall, who gained President Taft. Here are the "spoiled plow- the $50 freshman prize at the New York hands" of Southern tradition and the top- Medical College. If the photographs had heavy "educated-out-of-their-place" youth of arrived in time, we should have added to newspaperdom! As a matter of fact here these Miss Brown, of Morgan; Miss Floyd, are a group of healthy, bright-eyed, clear- of Spelman; Pinson and Miss Thomas, of brained young folk of Negro descent, who Benedict; Miss Gray, of Paine, and several are going to make the cheating, lynching and others. oppression of black folk more difficult in the Besides the twenty colleges mentioned future than in the past. Hinc illae above, there are twelve other institutions that lacrimae! give college training to colored students, These are the leaders who in scholarship making thirty-two in all, enrolling 1,200 head the colored college host: David, of students. Wilberforce; Latson, of Atlanta Baptist Col In former days the argument against lege: Douglass, of Lane; Rice and Miss such students and such training was that Bothwell. of Atlanta University; Jessell and colored people could not assimilate such Miss Hamilton, of Talladega; Sampson, of training. That argument has passed, but in J. W. RICE, Atlanta ALBERT B. LOVETTE, Fisk D. J. JESSELL, Talladega THE YEAR IN COLORED COLLEGES 135 T. G. DOUGLASS, Lane MISS S. E. HAMILTON, Talladega E. O. BERRY. Lincoln its place is a widespread belief that there so much criticism and inueudo? Apparently is no "demand" for such persons, and that because white Americans fear them. We do they are unable to earn a living. not fear Negro criminals—rather we encour There have been, in the years 1523-1912. age them. We do not fear ignorance—we over 5.000 Negroes graduated from college. invite it. But trained knowledge and effi- Returns for a thousand living graduates ciency in this subject race is instinctively indicate the following occupations: dreaded by a large number of people. Presi dent Taft said yesterday at Hampton: Teachers 54 % "Although education along scientific lines is Preachers 20 % useful, vocational education for the Negro Physicians 07% is better, for the present at least ;" but "voca Lawyers 04% tion" is a large word. What vocations does Business and other occupations.15% the President have in mind ? The vocation of citizen, voter, molder of public opinion? As teachers the college-bred Negroes have Probably not. He is thinking with the made the Negro industrial school possible. Memphis News-Scimitar. which says: Tuskegee is directed by them in nearly all positions of importance, from the wife of the "Higher education fads find no place in principal (Fisk. '89) down. At Hampton. the curriculum of the Memphis High School Calhoun, Kowaliga. and a score of other for Negroes. The whole policy is to train schools, the colored college man has given the Negro youths of both sexes in occupa invaluable service. As leaders in social up tions which the South has accorded almost lift the Negro collegians have been especially entirely to the race." , valuable.. Why, then, are they the object of In other words, the principal vocation in E. W. LATSON, Atlanta Baptist MISS A. L. BOTHWELL, Atlanta G. F. DAVID, Wilberforce 136 THE CRISIS MISS B. L. JONES, Fisk MISS EDITH WEIGHT MISS ISABELLA VANDERVALL Cleveland High School New York Medical College mind is that of general mudsill to society— development as will enable them to compete dumb, faithful, disfranchised and cheap. with modern men under modern conditions. If this is not what is meant then let young Is it fair to educate a race of scullions and people like those pictured on these pages then complain of their lack of proven have a chance for such higher and fuller self- ability? THE MONTESSORI METHOD-ITS POSSIBILITIES By JESSIE FAUSET O one probably arrives at his yond the age of ten years. Suppose it took majority without beginning a kitten three years to learn to co-ordinate that habit of retrospection its movements to the catching of a mouse, to which is to be with him learn to control its body and its faint men more or less for the rest of tality ! One is amused at the idea. his life. It is at times like It is not hard to place the faults in the these that he is brought face development of human beings. There are to face with the realization of the years it many. But surely these are the two most has taken him to get, so to speak, on his obvious. The child is trained from infancy mental feet. Such an appalling waste, and to abject dependence on his elders. Secondly, even yet he is lumbering! His judgment is he is girt about with rules and precedents not always stable, his mental acts somehow which stifle originality and initiative. He is lack co-ordination, his self-control is at best simply smothered by too much and wrongly dependent on environment, and his initiative applied care and kindness. is often entirely lacking. Now it is exactly this condition of affairs Indeed, when one considers the pitiful that the Montessori system is seeking to ob brevity of the allotted span of years, the viate. Doctor .Montessori, in a long and amount of time generally deemed necessary scientific study of childhood, has arrived at, to fit an individual to become a useful mem among many others, the following important ber of society seems totally disproportionate conclusions: First, that the child is natur and ridiculous. Twenty-one years—one-third ally independent; secondly, that he is ambi of a man's whole life. The lower animals, tious to prove this; thirdly, that he will, if especially cats and dogs, seldom live be his small feet are once set upon the way, THE MONTESSORI METHOD 137 spontaneously arrive at a given point; and maintained? If by discipline is meant the fourthly, that his powers of initiative are stolidity, the utter silence, the rigidity main tremendous. tained by or rather forced on pupils in the With these views in mind, Dr. Montessori ordinary schools, the answer, of course, must set about the development of that system be, there is no discipline. And yet no one which bids fair to revolutionize the educa could call the pupils in the "Children's tional schemes of the world. Her slogan is Houses" disorderly. The point is that the "Liberate the personality of the child, per child is taught here that good and immo mit him his natural manifestations; let him bility, evil and activity, are not necessarily choose his activities, for it makes very little synonymous. As a result, there is generally difference what he does, as long as he does to be found in these classrooms the pleasant no harm." bustle of intense preoccupation. Again she says: "We cannot know the The children in one group are helping a consequences of suffocating a spontaneous teacher to put away the didactic material, action at the time when the child is just and their services are never refused. Because beginning to be active; perhaps we suffocate the child is trusted he does his best. In a life itself." few days—at most in a few weeks—he is All this sounds very simple; so simple, able to carry one of the little armchairs from one may say, that it scarcely needs exploit one place to another, without coming in con ing, but wait. Consider our modern schools tact with anything. He gathers up the card and their methods. There one sees row after board letters and arranges them in their row of little children, and in the higher boxes just as he sees the teacher do it. Grad schools big children, too, seated in clamped- ually, unconsciously, he acquires the habit of down benches that cannot possibly allow keeping his own things in order. Sometimes freedom to all. Everybody, except in very a child who has been working at some self- rare cases, is subject to the same rules; imposed task attains perfection with unex everybody has his facts presented in the pected celerity and utters an exclamation of same general manner; everybody is engaged, joy. But this does not interfere. Either the particularly in the lower schools, in about other children, attracted by his pleasure, the same activities. group themselves around him and he tries Now in the Case dei Bambini, the Chil to show them how he met his success, or else, dren's Houses in the quarter of San Lorenzo incited by his example, they bend to their in Rome, all this is different. Here the own tasks with renewed energy. children sit, when they are sitting, in small, Most important of all, very few of these comfortable, portable armchairs. Here, children are persistently naughty. They while one child fingers the wooden letters have no occasion to be. For, as Dr. Mon of the alphabet and unconsciously learns tessori says, naughtiness is very often the in to distinguish between them, another is stinctive effort of the child to assert a re absorbed in touching pieces of silk and velvet pressed personality. Since these children's and sandpaper, and so learning the differ activities are not repressed, but are simply ence between "rough" and "smooth." A directed into safe channels, and there al third is interested in a wooden frame on lowed full play—there is no need for such which are mounted two pieces of cloth or assertion. Thus, these tiny children, ranging leather to be fastened and unfastened by in age from three years upward, acquire a means of the buttons and buttonholes, hooks discipline which will be theirs when hard and and eyes, eyelets and lacings, or automatic fast laws and restrictions fail. fastenings. One of the most important aims of the That little girl will get up some morning, Montessori system is the direct training of and before she realizes it will begin to fas the senses. We have already spoken briefly ten her little garments herself. When she of the deliberate development of the sense of does realize her ability, think of the eager touch, whereby the child is enabled to dis ness with which she will try to manipulate tinguish between rough and smooth, thick all the strings and bows and buttons she and thin, heavy and light. Indeed, the possesses. She will have attained inde children finally grow to look upon their ten pendence. fingers as their "other eyes." The sense of Naturally enough, the question arises: sight, however, particularly in regard to How, in a school of this order, is discipline colors, is also given careful attention. 138 THE CRISIS In this connection Dr. Montessori makes paper, and with a colored pencil draws use of the three periods into which the les around the contour of the empty center. son, according to Seguin, is divided: Then he takes away the frame, and upon the "First period—The association of the sen paper there remains the geometric figure. sory perception with the name. This the child fills in. In this wise he learns "For example, we present to the child two to practice the vertical and horizontal colors, red and blue. Presenting the red, we strokes required in penmanship, and also the say simply 'This is red,' and presenting the co-ordination of the mental concept with the blue, 'This is blue.' Then we lay the spools manual action, because in filling in he tries of colors upon the table under the eyes of not to go outside the border line. Gradually the child. he becomes master of the pencil. "Second period—Recognition of the object Next the children are given cards upon corresponding to the name. We say to the which the single letters of the alphabet are child, 'Give me the red,' and then, 'Give me mounted in sandpaper; also larger cards con the blue.' taining groups of the same letters. He be "Third period—The remembering of the comes familiar with the outline of these by name corresponding to the object. We ask the means of touch, then he traces them, the child, showing him the object, 'What is then he draws them, and lastly, he learns this?' and he should respond, 'Red.' This how to compare and recognize the figures process is reiterated many times." when he hears the sounds corresponding to One day the child, who has been drawing them. little trees and coloring them all blue or At last, some fine" day, he begins to copy green, or red, as strikes his fancy, volun words which contain letters that have im tarily draws a tree with a brown trunk and pressed him, though not yet conscious that green leaves. He has observed a tree, and he is writing, and still later he learns that has found, with great pleasure, that he can a word may be written at any time to convey recognize its colors. Undoubtedly this volun an idea. Thus his reading follows swiftly tary observation will have a more lasting on the heels of his writing and he has prac effect upon him than knowledge received at tically accomplished it himself. second hand. And in addition to the mere It is easy to see how rich may be the possession of this knowledge, note the co future of children equipped thus early with ordination of the visual impression with the sharpened sense perceptions, with independ execution of the hand. ence and judgment and growing self-control. The most noteworthy result, however, of For them everything in the world takes on a Dr. Montessori's method has been obtained more vivid coloring, avenues hitherto un in the matter of teaching children to write suspected are open, and the sheer joy of and read. By her system children of four, living is keener and stronger. Such a child five and six have been taught to write in a gets practically an extension of the years of manner equal to that obtained in the third his life. elementary grade. These eases are not Of course we do not want prodigies, exceptions. though, after all, the quality of prodigyship To obtain these results she used small is relative. For if all the eleven-year-old wooden tables, metal insets, outline drawings boys in a given radius can work problems and colored pencils. The child takes the in differential calculus, which one of them, metal frame, places it upon a sheet of white then, is remarkable? The FAITHS OF TEACHERS By G. S. DICKERMAN ' N occupation means much or deeper things in that child; those latent little, according to the way powers which are waiting to be called into it is taken. In almost any exercise. pursuit that can be named Eighty years ago people thought that noth you will see some who go ing could be made of a blind mute. Then a through its forms mechan teacher arose and gathered about him a little ically and without interest, group of blind children and began to try having in mind merely to meet requirements what could be done for them. We know and draw the pay; and alongside of them now the story of Dr. Samuel G. Howe and others who seize on every task with avidity, of the little speechless, vacant-minded, sight grappling its difficulties with a sort of joy, less Laura Bridgman, whom he trained into trying experiments,' making ventures, incur- an intellectual and accomplished woman, and ring heavy risks and looking for returns be with whose development was established the yond any stipulated wages. The latter do Perkins Institution for the Blind. And at honor to their occupation and are likely to that time, eighty years ago, a similar hope be honored by it. less feeling prevailed about other children The teacher's occupation is no exception. unfortunate for a different cause, when this Think of the teachers you have known, some same great teacher began to try his experi without aim and drifting into their places ments on these also, and straightway there as floating sticks drift into the pool by the grew up a second wonderful school, the side of a mountain brook, to circle around Massachusetts School for Idiotic and Feeble there in the still water for awhile till a minded Children. There was faith in the freshet comes to throw them out; and then unpromising pupil and we see that it was another, so unlike these, who began in his not in vain. early schooldays to set the teacher's calling Every school has its unpromising pupils; before him as a goal of ambition to be but in these the true teacher will search for diligently prepared for by years of serious promise and will find it. I know a teacher, study, and finally entering on it, put into a brilliant, highly educated woman, who for its duties bis best and holiest service as for a number of years has devoted herself to a ends the highest to be found in all the class made up of the backward children world. in a public high school, the children too Now that which makes the difference in dull to keep in the ranks of the regular these, is the difference in their faiths. Be classes, and she delights in her work because hind achievements are faiths. Great teach she is able to discover in those stupid pupils ers are men and women of great faiths. And unsuspected capabilities and to kindle in there are certain faiths that they all hold them a flame of self-respect and of ambition. in common. Let me mention some of these: She has had repeated invitations to other 1. Faith in the pupil's worth—and in the positions, but she declines them as less inter worth of all pupils. esting than this. There are pupils whose worth none ever Not long ago I visited a school in which question, unusually attractive boys and girls, the principal talked with me very freely gifted in mind and sunny of disposition; of about his methods and called to the office a course these should be educated, for anyone number of boys for personal conversation. can see that there is something in them. But Among these was one for whom he showed there are others of whom people are not so especial solicitude, and this was on account sure; perhaps their fathers and mothers hope of his inferiority. Out of a low family and that something can be made of them, but from bad home influences, he was what might the neighbors say: "No, all the pains taken be called a hard case, dull-witted, whiffling with their education is just so much thrown and unreliable, without ambition and unre away; there is nothing there to build on." sponsive to his teachers' best efforts—what It takes the clear-eyed teacher to see the was to be done with him? The principal 140 THE CRISIS said he had been advised to get rid of him who has in a certain city a night school into as a hindrance to the other pupils, but he which he wants to attract the boys and would not. Because there was no other such young men that no other good influences are boy in the school this one had become his reaching, the very vagabonds and desperadoes most fascinating problem and he was giving who are on the road to a penitentiary or to him more intense thought than to any the gallows; and one of the things that he other. He was studying every trait, every does is to teach his pupils boxing—boxing movement, every whim, to get at some hid with gloves, but rough and bloody. He is den spring of wish or inclination which might ready to drill them in the rules and manners offer solid ground for the improvement of of the prize ring as the only drill that they conduct and the rebuilding of character. As can appreciate, and he hopes thus to get a I went away from that school I felt that 1 foundation of discipline on which later they had seen a real teacher, real because he was can be taught the higher lessons of obedience to the laws of the State, self-control, manli groping for the good things in his worst ness and honorable industry. boy. 2. Faith in effort—effort for the pupil Endeavors such as these mean effort by and by the pupil. the teacher, constant and untiring, and it is When Dr. Howe took in charge those un in this way that the greatest teaching is fortunates in Boston he began by playing done. By such courses the tightly locked with their impulsive and aimless movements doors of many a darkened life are opened to till he had shown them that one thing was the light of intelligence, ambition and growth unlike another and had taught them to choose into a noble manhood or womanhood. between the two, then to remember, to think 3. Faith in personal example. and to learn simple lessons, from which they The teacher's greatest power is not in what were led on step by step to a wider intelli he says, but in what he is; in the illustration gence. Dr. Howe was a man of eminence he gives from day to day of a strong, true, and had already done great service in many winsome life. The Divine Master said to his lands, but I suppose that he never had put pupils: "Take my yoke on you and learn into any undertaking such intense and tire of me," and again, "I have given you an less exertion as he bestowed on these poor example, that ye also should do as I have children. It required such effort to bring done to you." The apostle Paul on more their sleeping powers into exercise and than one occasion said: "Be ye imitators of exertion. me." This is the law of all the highest This is the spirit for dealing with the teaching. unpromising pupil in any school. The others Put the lazy, listless child under a teacher are likely to do well without the teacher's of animation and energy; it will do more for taking extra pains, but here is a task to try him than many lectures on laziness. Give his patience and his resources. How can he to a selfish child an example of thoughtful wake up the dunce? It is a case for expedi care for the happiness of all around you; to ents and experiments. What is the key? the deceitful an example of transparent sin What does the boy care for? If he dislikes cerity; to the vicious and lawless an example reading he may take to figures, or to drawing of spotless purity and superiority to every or music. If he has no interest in these he unworthy self-indulgence. The teacher who may be attracted by the tools in a shop or keeps himself under healthy discipline will the plants and flowers in a garden. He may make this the most effective discipline for be brought to love the trees in the woods and his school. to learn their names and uses, to watch the But what of the teacher who is lax with birds and catch their notes, to study the himself? One has said: "Your conduct bees hanging on a thistle blossom and follow speaks so loud I cannot hear anything you them to their hive, to look at a mosquito un say." What is the use of lecturing on sin der a glass and to hunt for his breeding cerity if one is himself insincere? What will places. Other things all failing, doubtless he talk about self-denial and the control of ap may be made to take an interest in the play petite and freedom from debasing habits ground and to do some vigorous thinking, amount to if the very breath with which one as well as pitching, batting and running in speaks is odorous from his own self-indul a baseball game. I have in mind a man gence? An example which does not re- THE FAITHS OF TEACHERS 141 inforce instruction is apt to nullify it. That were in the Northern Free States. In 1870 is why certain injurious practices are so pre the number had risen to 180,372, of whom valent among the boys and young men of our 58,808 were in the North and 131,564 in the times. What else could be looked for when South. Now leap over a period of forty so many who axe supposed to be eminent in years to 1910, and we find the number of morals and religion habitually indulge them colored children enrolled in the public schools selves in these practices? of the South alone, as reported by the Com With all these forces in opposition the missioner of Education, to be 1,748,853, with clear-eyed teacher guards his own example an average attendance daily of 1,105,629, and with unwavering constancy. What better can with over 30,000 teachers; we find also 150 he do for his boys? And however those boys public high schools containing 11,662 pupils; may go on their way and perhaps vary from and besides these some 260 schools for ad the path laid out before them, it will not be vanced training, designated as universities, without value that they have once known so colleges, normal schools or institutes, in which fine an illustration of the higher things of are fully 75,000 students.* life. The power of such a teacher does not This development is the more impressive cease with graduation day; it goes on with if we bring before our minds the colored peo each pupil into all his future story. ple as they were forty or fifty years ago. We can find those who will describe the 4. Faith in the unfoldings of character colored schools of that time—the old army through processes beyond our knowledge. barracks at Nashville, Hampton, Atlanta and The processes of all life are concealed. We other places which served for schoolrooms, do not understand the life of the seed from very unlike the commodious buildings and the commonest herb nor how it sprouts and attractive grounds of the colored schools in grows. But anyone who plants a seed ex those same places to-day. A comparison of pects it to grow. It is the same with the the pupils is even more striking, that wild life of the spirit. What happens in the horde of unkempt boys and girls, men and schoolroom is to be remembered; habits there women of uncertain age, many of them clad formed are to continue; standards of right in rags, unwashed and with the tight knobs and wrong, of truth and duty, of honor and of hair on their round heads wound thick shame, pass into the inmost texture of the with cotton strings—what a contrast to those soul and abide there. But the outcome of it you will see now in a thousand schools, not all, how, when and where, is beyond our in cities only but often in sparsely settled forecast. A word, a glance of the eye, a districts, children and youth clean in person, trifling incident, may work a radical change neatly attired in becoming garments, orderly in character; it may do this at once or it may in behavior, and frequently giving evidence be years about it. So unfathomable are the of a careful training in the home. The deeps of influence that go into the long colored teachers in these schools, numbering courses of experience through which every over 30,000, all grown and trained within so human life is borne on to its completion. short a time from a race without educational And this is where the teacher works, putting traditions, how much they mean! Not all in his impressions from moment to moment, model teachers, indeed, but far superior to from day to day, from year to year, to grow what might have been expected, and approved character and to determine destiny. most heartily by those Southern superintend ents and intelligent observers who know the It might be wise for people to give more most about their work. thought than they are doing to the part which teachers are playing in the world's These facts tell of a new intelligence progress. Take the story of the colored peo awakening on a vast scale. And this brings ple in the United States during the last fifty other developments of great moment. Of years—many are surprised at the reports course there is increase of wealth, a multi which are given out from time to time. It plication of prosperous farms, of banks, is a record of rapidly advancing intelligence, stores, comfortable homes and substantial energy and wealth. Let me refer to a few churches. Organizations for religious effort, well-known figures of the United States cen for insurance and mutual aid have their net- sus. In 1860 the number of colored children attending school was 32,639, of whom 29,906 *"An Era of Progress and Promise," W. N. Hartshorn, pp. 369-371. 142 THE CRISIS work of operations covering the whole coun in schools all over the country, North and try. Several hundred newspapers are owned South. They used such methods and text and published by colored people. Several books as they had to use; how could they thousand colored physicians are engaged in employ such as had not yet been thought of? a lucrative practice, and individuals here and But the vital thing in a teacher is not there are winning distinction from time to methods or artificial devices of any kind; it time as authors, speakers, musicians, artists is an indefinable power of spiritual person and inventors. ality. Many of these teachers had this How has all this come about? Are these quality in large measure. They had those simply the spontaneous phenomena of the faiths of which I have been speaking. They new atmosphere of freedom? Such develop believed in the worth of their pupils, how ments do not come in that way. There have ever unattractive, and however others might been intelligent causes behind them. The laugh at their faith; they believed in effort explanation lies in the work of the teachers. to bring out dormant faculties and made Starting with those who began their service their schools hives of industry; they believed in the old barracks, at first only a few but in example and lived a good life, the best of soon increasing to many hundred—they all lessons and the one to be longest planted in the eager pupils who gathered in remembered; they believed in the un- their schools the strong seeds of a new life. foldings of character, to come how They were no ordinary teachers. Usually of and when they could not tell, and they were superior parentage, brought up in Christian content to wait. There is a mysterious con homes of rare privilege, educated in the best tagion in faiths like these, and those who schools and colleges of the United States, gave themselves to this service fifty years they went to their service as to a sacred ago have not wanted for successors. The ministry, and they met its hard tasks with a score of names has gone on increasing from fidelity and devotion not often surpassed. year to year and it is increasing still; and It has been the fashion in certain quarters their pupils following with steadfast purpose to disparage the endeavors of these teachers the standards of life and character instilled who came down from the North, and to say into them have grown to be like their teach that their instructions were ill adapted to ers till they have reproduced their faith and the necessities of such a people, that too service in every town and village of the much use was made of books and too little land. of things that could be grasped with the If the teachers in the many thousand col hand. Such criticisms overlook the condi ored schools of to-day would have incentive tions and circumstances that had to be dealt with. Those teachers attacked the desperate to their hope and inspiration for their serv situation that confronted them in the only ice they can do no better than to look back way they could. They taught in the manner to those first schools, recall the spirit of those they had been taught themselves, in the pioneer teachers, and reflect on the harvests manner other teachers were doing their work that have ripened from their seed sowing. "THE WHITE MANS BURDEN" By CHARLES S. NUTTER. D. D. Hast thou a Saxon face? No fault of thine, No virtue, too. Thy brothers nearly all. Are brown of various shades. Rare man, reflect, Is merit in the hue? Boast not; pray God, He bleach thy soul to match thy pallid face. GENERAL EVARISTO ESTENOZ By ARTHUR A. SCHOMBURG HE cable has flashed over the the Negro party, called Prevision, was a world the news that in weekly newspaper of eight pages, ably edited Cuba General Evaristo by Estenoz. So great was the demand for Estenoz has taken up the this publication that the press could not turn gage of battle for the rights out enough copies to supply the thousands of his dark fellowmen, and of readers. that a crisis in Cuba is the The new party was a success and it result. General Estenoz was born at San augured no good to President Gomez. When tiago de Cuba, the birthplace of revolutionary the government found that it could not deal conspiracies. He is a builder by occupation with the situation, it turned to the late and a soldier who has won fame by bis record Negro senator, M. Morua Delgado, the presi in many bloody engagements. dent of the senate. It persuaded him to Soon after the close of the Cuban War introduce in that body his notorious "Amend and the establishment of the republic, he ment No. 17" of the electoral law, which, associated himself with Rafael Serra, the in effect, forbade the formation of any po lamented Negro philosopher, who wrote a litical party along racial lines. For this book, "For Whites and Blacks," a collection perfidy Delgado was rewarded with the ap of essays, arguing that since both races had pointment to the portfolio of secretary of fought to make the republic possible, they war, but he was ever afterward looked upon should enjoy in common the burdens and the by the Negroes of Cuba as a Judas to his benefits of the country. These two gentle- race. Although he did not, like Judas, go men, the lawmaker and the warmaker, visited out and hang himself, he died, it is said, of New York in the summer of 1905. Though a broken heart. different in temperaments and political affil Nothing could have been more exasperating iations they had one object, namely, to study to the Negroes of Cuba than the Morua law. conditions with the view to submitting the From the moment of its adoption to the pres result of their observations to their com ent period they have consistently opposed patriots in Cuba and improving matters at its enforcement. General Estenoz, whose home. money and influence had contributed to the Serra died soon after their return and the election of President Gomez, was hailed as work of the pen fell on the shoulders of the man of the future. Estenoz. The new Independent Colored The Negroes began to realize, when their Party was formed and incorporated; its ob leaders were thrown into prison on the eve ject being to promote the interests of the of election, that the white Cubans had de colored race, to urge the government to recog termined that they should not have any nize their rights as citizens and taxpayers, representation save what was bestowed on and to accord them a fair proportion of the them as a charity. The Cuban Negroes are elective and appointive offices. sensitive and well informed; but for them The Independent Colored Party was looked the revolutions through which Cuba has upon in its infancy as one of the many passed would have been impossible. But booms started by Negroes which would soon to-day an unconstitutional law, as infamous die, but as time grew it gathered into its and despicable as the American Dred Scott fold men who were veterans of two and three decision, which declared that "Negroes had wars, and clubs sprung up like mushrooms no rights which white men are bound to re all over the island. In a year there was a spect," deprives the Negroes of Cuba of club for every city, and the party had a political character and independence. They membership of over 60,000 Negro voters— are hunted by spies, threatened with im an organization, in short, capable of thwart prisonment and misrepresented in the press ing the prearranged plans of the whites. It whenever they attempt to assert their rights. became a matter of political expediency at During the colonial days of Spain the first to belittle and finally to crush the at Negroes were better treated, enjoyed a greater tempt of the Negro leaders. The organ of measure of freedom and happiness than they 144 THE CRISIS do to-day. Negroes were esteemed for their Negro has done much for Cuba; Cuba has talents and respected for their industry and done nothing for the Negro. integrity. Many Cuban Negroes curse the The black men of Cuba have taken to the dawn of the Republic. Negroes were wel woods because conditions are intolerable, be comed in the time of oppression, in the time cause, as my friend, the late Jose Marti, the of hardship, during the days of the revolu apostle of Cuban freedom, said: "So long tion, but in the days of peace and of white as there remains one injustice to repair in immigration they are deprived of positions, Cuba the revolutionary redemption has not ostracized and made political outcasts. The finished its work." PROTECTION MUST you surely leave the place, "To protect American interests." The man mother?" strutted across the room to where his bag The questioner was a Negro sailor. He lay. "We've got a heap of money in Cuba. and his mother stood before the fireplace in I tell you our navy'll blow the Cubans off the the one-room cabin in which he had been earth if they touch American property. It's born. Above the fireplace was a picture of a great thing to be an American. Wherever Lincoln and an American flag. you go the flag follows you and protects you "Ef dey means ter turn me out. dey will, in your rights." son," the woman an The old woman swered. "Lord knows turned to the mantel I'se paid fo' de piece, and taking the place. We has worked flag from its place here, ehillen an' all, dropped it into the you knows dat, an' flames. I'se give money fo' "You go about yer de cabin an' de lan', duty, an' serve yer bit by bit. Dey gib country," she said, me bits ob papers, "but that flag ain't but dey say now de fo' me. They can trouble is I ain't got steal from my kin', a deed. Der trouble an' there ain't a is all dis lan' roun' jedge down here, or a about is sol', an' I man up in Washing ain't wanted here." ton, or one ob dem "But that isn't delegates dat goes law. You ought to screamin' up an' go to the justice of down de country the peace." about human rights, "De justice ob de as ud gib a moment peace, son, were my ter pertectin' me. landlord, an' he sol' Me an' my kin' ain't de lan'." _.. „ _ _ _ wanted, unless it's 'DEE TROUBLE IS I "I wish I could AIN'T WANTED HERE" „ , ' fo' slaves. help you in this trouble, mother," the sailor She turned back to the mantel and laid said, "but I must hurry to my ship. We sail in two days." her hand tenderly upon the picture of the "Whar to?" the woman asked. great emancipator. "Why, to Cuba, mother; I told you that. "Thank der Lord you ain't Live ter see it," We're ordered to Cuba at once." she said. "What you goin' dar fo'?" M. W. O. A SOCIAL CENTER AT HAMPTON, VA women has ever had an overflow of loving By A. TV. HUNTON. sacrifice and enthusiasm to encourage it. IN many cities and towns clubs of colored The Social Center, at Hampton, Va., prob women are making successful efforts for ably takes first rank among our clubs in social betterment. In some instances these this line of endeavor. This is not true clubs have not yet realized the fact that because it is one of the oldest efforts, but they, too, are being influenced by the great for the reason that Mrs. Janie Porter spirit of social service which is revealing Barrett, the able woman to whom was given itself to the hearts of men in a more posi the vision of the work for Hampton, has tive and practical way than ever before. given twenty years of personal supervision to its development and has studied and traveled meanwhile to learn the best there is in this new movement for social better ment. The object and growth of the work are best told in Mrs. Barrett's own words. She says: "The center was begun twenty years ago in the home of the present head worker, with the definite aim of improving the homes and the moral and social life of that community. The aim has not changed through the years. This work began with a few girls of the immediate neighborhood, has reached out in every section of the com munity, and now there are clubs and classes every afternoon and evening in the week, eight months of the year. These clubs and classes include boys, girls, mothers and grandmothers, classified according to age and needs, and through these many other people are reached. The work grew too large for the house in which it was started nearly ten years ago, and now has a club house, which it has already outgrown, but which is still the center of all the activities of the settlement. MBS. JANIE PORTER BARRETT "The Woman's Club, known as the Home These clubs have realized the need of Makers' Club, has several departments, all things being done; and, for want of trained of which work for some phase of home leadership, have taken the initiative in improvement. Each woman works in the doing them. There has been much experi line in which she has greatest interest. All mentation and some blunders, but results come together at intervals to work out and have been certain and valuable; the more discuss common problems." so, perhaps, because although lacking in a Visiting the center at Hampton, one severely systematic jurisdiction, this effort would hardly believe that such a variety of for social betterment among colored club work, by so large a number of people, could 146 THE CRISIS be done in such small space. But here the develop beautiful things here, she is certain resourcefulness and ingenuity of the leader to do so if she is permitted to examine the is seen at its best. Just one room seems finished embroideries, rugs, baskets, etc., used for the same purpose at all times. This that are ready for the purchaser. Much room is the kitchen where, under the direc support for the work is derived from tion of the cooking department, work of articles sold, but the chief benefit is in inestimable value to the community is being giving the boys, girls and women the en done. The best in preserving and canning, nobling touch with the beautiful together in cake and breadmaking and in the prep with the power to earn a penny. aration of ordinary foods may be learned There is the large well-kept yard with there, as well as something of food values, much more room for its activities. Poultry etc. raising, home gardening and flower culture The parlor witnesses many transforma could all be written about with profit. Last tions. Sometimes it is a music room for a year more than three thousand cuttings and singing class; another time a closet door is plants and three hundred packages of seed opened and games of all descriptions appear were distributed to the community through to the satisfaction of a group of boys or this center. The remainder of the grounds girls. Another hour and it is a quiet reading is given over to well-directed play and room or a lecture room for a group of exercise. There are "teams" of various mothers. kinds for both boys and girls and tennis and But it is in the upper room that one croquet grounds. sees the real workshop. There are to be found products of the needle, of embroidery, Still another chapter could be written on ' knitting, basket weaving, chair caning and the child-welfare department, which, along woodwork. If the real woman does not with other things, has done much to save thrill as she observes the girls and women juvenile offenders from prison cells. HISTORIC DAYS IN JULY 1. Slavery abolished in the Dutch West 16. Daniel Hand, philanthropist, born, Indies, 1863. 1801. 2. Vermont declared slavery a violation 17. Act of Congress authorizing the arm of natural rights, 1777. ing of Negroes approved, 1862. 3. Prince Hall established first lodge of 18. Lemuel Haynes, celebrated Negro Negro Freemasons in North America, 1775. minister, born, 1753. 4. Booker T. Washington opened school Fort Wagner assaulted and Col. Robert at Tuskegee, Ala., 1881. G. Shaw killed, 1863. 5. Joseph B. Foraker, defender of the 19. Tennessee ratified the Fourteenth discharged battalion of the 25th Infantry, Amendment, 1866. born, 1846. 20. The Fourteenth Amendment pro 6. Hawaiian Islands made United States claimed, 1868. Territory, 1898. 21. General David Hunter, first Union 7. General B. F. Butler discharged from commander in War of Rebellion to enlist the army a Negro, enlisted as a white man, Negro troops, born, 1802. 1862. 27. Anthony Burns, whose rendition as a S. Right of suffrage given Negroes in fugitive slave caused riots in Boston, died, District of Columbia, 1867. 1862. 9. Negroes massacred at Hamburg, S. C, 29. Bethel, Philadelphia, the mother of 1875. A. M. E. Church, dedicated, 1794. 11. Act of Congress to effect treaty for 30. Massacre growing out of politics in the final suppression of the slave trade ap New Orleans, 1866. proved, 1862. 31. Slavery ceased in Egypt, 1881. 13. Draft riots in New York City, 1863. L. M. HERSHAW. THE BURDEN COLORED MEN LYNCHED WITHOUT U. B. F. Searchlight, the official organ of TRIAL. the Missouri State Teachers' Association, 1885 78 1899 84 urging the men, by their votes, to demand 1886 71 1900 107 that the State make some provision for de 1887 80 1901 107 linquent colored girls. 1888 95 1902. 86 "Do you know," she writes, "that more 1889 95 1903 86 than three-fourths of the women in the 1890 90 1904 83 penitentiary are young colored women? 1891 121 1905 61 Why does this condition exist? Are our 1892 155 1906 64 women greater criminals than the women 1893 154 1907 60 of other races? No. The Industrial Home 1894 134 1908 93 at Chillicothe is overcrowded. And it can 1895 112 1909 73 readily be seen that the percentage of crimi 1896 80 1910 65 nality is not greater among our girls than 1897 122 1911 63 among the white girls, but it is because we 1898 102 have no other place to send our delinquent Total 2,521 girls save to the penitentiary. It is the duty of every church, fraternal organization, newspaper and race-loving man to assist the DELINQUENT GIRLS IN MISSOURI. Negro clubwomen of the State in doing MRS. IDA A. WALKER, president of something for our girls who are crying to the Missouri State Federation of us from the lowest depths, and in keeping Colored Women, has a strong letter in the them out of the penitentiary." "I MET A LITTLE BLUE-EYED GIRL." A certain element in the South takes pains to rear the children of the family faithfully in the doctrines of Blease and Vardaman. "A Negro had been lynched in the neighborhood" said a recently returned traveler, "and crowds went out to see what was left of his body. The people I was staying with went with the rest and took their children—all but one, who had been naughty and was kept home as a punishment." I MET a little blue-eyed girl— She said she was five years old; "Your locket is very pretty, dear; And pray what may it hold?" And then—my heart grew chill and sick— The gay child did not flinch— "I found it—the tooth of a colored man— My father helped to lynch." "And what had he done, my fair-haired child?" (Life and Death play a fearful game!) "Oh, he did nothing—they made a mistake— But they had their fun, just the same!" BERTHA JOHNSTON. LETTER BOX I am pleased to know that we have such a the flowers of our race, the most Its pages paper as THE CRISIS. If the whole family fill a long-felt want. This, with the prob of colored newspapers were more like it, lem books and plays, will do much to lift how much better it would be for our race. the "awful burden." Here in the community we have settled the MATTHEW BENNETT, "Race Problem," and some of our people, in New York City. fact most all, are shortsighted enough to think it is settled everywhere. There is m some friction here, but it amounts to just I ought also to tell you of the great satis the same as if they were all one—in fact, faction with which I read THE CRISIS. It there is more trouble between colored and is an admirable publication; I don't see how colored and white and white than between it could be better. It fills the bill exactly, colored and white—a quarrel or fight be and I think we ought to thank you for it. tween the two races being rare. The farm I do every month. ers in each race do not hesitate to exchange work and sit at each others' tables, and they CHARLES EDWARD RUSSELL, trade as freely as if each were all white or New York City. all colored. I have no complaint at home, but let me travel away, then I find that there is a "Race Problem," and that "Race Prob (In answer to a request for pictures.) lem" will have to be settled in some way. I am thoroughly in sympathy with what you are doing, but find that I cannot ar ESAU HARRIS, range to supply you with all that you wish. Cutler, Ohio. I consulted our one colored photographer m here, and he does not think it possible, or The January number is splendid. I en at least practicable, for him to secure any joyed it greatly. I wish those pictures of of the photographs except those of the lynching could be put upon the moving- schools and the churches. You know what picture roll. That way, and that way only, conditions are in this section, and can read will they speak to the multiplied thousands ily understand the position this photog their sad truth. We often see upon the rapher takes. He could hardly get some of canvas the pictures of Indian cruelty to the those pictures without exciting comment or white man; can't we turn it around and suspicion, or even being the object of vio show them the white man's brutishness to lence. If you will let me know whether you the Negro ? We suffer almost anything would like to have pictures of the churches (except lynching) right here in the beautiful and schools I shall notify the photographer, land of sunshine. Civil privileges are here and he will communicate with you. unknown. You can't bathe at the beaches, m eat in any first-class place, nor will the street car and sight-seeing companies sell us I enclose a letter I received from the tickets if they can possibly help it. I am Canadian Superintendent of Immigration speaking from experience. in reply to an inquiry about colored people in Western Canada. I think you will find it MRS. LOUISE MCDONALD, interesting. Los Angeles, Cal. Ottawa, Canada, March 29, 1912. m Sir: I have had referred to me by H. M. I have read and kept every issue of your Williams, our agent at Toledo, your letter of most interesting magazine since its first pub the 23d inst, and I beg to say in reply that lication, and I am as pleased to get each I do not think there are good openings for fresh copy as a child with its Santa Claus. your people in Western Canada. We have The covers are always pretty, and I adore had to send back to the United States quite those like the "Quadroon," with that bit of a number of those who failed to succeed in delicious verse, and February's, displaying the West, and on account of this it has been LETTER BOX 149 found necessary to make a very careful for your people are better in the warmer medical examination of all colored people climate. applying for entry, with the result that a Your obedient servant, great many have been rejected. I do not think it would be advisable for you to come, (Signed) W. W. SCOTT, as I am quite sure that the opportunities Superintendent of Immigration. PUBLISHERS' CHAT The August number of THE CRISIS will be Vacation Number. It will tell where to rest, and what it will cost, with some consideration of the end and meaning of rest. Then there will be a short story and the pictures will be unusually striking. CITIES WITHIN THE VEIL—We shall begin in the September number a series of articles on the various cities of the world which have a large colored population. They will treat of the life of these thousands in an interesting way. BABIES—The October number of THE CRISIS will be Children's Number. This is the month of school beginnings and family reunions. We want pictures of colored children of eight years of age or less, especially babies. We shall give three prizes to the three most interesting pictures. Pictures must reach us not later than September 10th. AGENTS—Some of our agents in returning unsold copies forget to put their names and addresses on the package. Please be careful; remember that THE CRISIS has now 315 agents distributed in every State in the Union and in several foreign lands. They are a picked lot, taken only on careful recommendation. 150 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER The Meeting Place of Business and Proficiency A professional man advertised in THE CRISIS for a partner with capital The profession is one that offers little encouragement to colored men and yet he writes: '' Kindly stop the advertisement in THE CRISIS, as my want has been filled. We appreciate the very good results (from THE CRISIS) and will forward check on the 15th." A large corporation advertised in THE CRISIS for a general manager with capital. The wording of their advertisement eliminated all inquirers save those with capital and experience. They write: '' We believe that one of the parties is really interested in our proposition and will close with him in a few days." They '' closed'' with him and have since advertised for other high-grade help. There is our story in a nutshell. Those who require high-grade help should use our "Help Wanted" columns, and those who are trained or experienced as high-grade helpers should advertise their services where they may reach the largest number of possible employers. HELP WANTED AREN'T YOU TIRED OF WORKING AT "so much TEACHERS WANTED per" piling up profits for somebody else! Would you consider a proposition of going in business for Music, lady, unmarried; voice, violin and piano. yourself without any investment but your time and Bookkeeper and stenographer. Farm manager. talents? If so write and get our proposition. Young and old can make money with our proposition. Good Salaries. THE NELSON SUPPLY CO., Harrisburg, Pa. Mutual Teachers' Agency AGENTS make big money selling our Negro pic 1335 T Street, N. W. Washington, D. C. tures, size 16 x 20. ' 'Jesus Died for Both, *' "Clinging to the Cross," "Protecting Angel," ' 'Booker T. Washington," "Heavenward," ' 'A RELIABLE, LIVE, Mother's Joy,'' ' 'Inspiration,'1 ' 'Mama, I Love You," "Jack Johnson." Catalog free. Peoples RESPONSIBLE MEN Portrait Co., 710 W. Madison St., Dept. C, who can sell real estate can MAKE MORE Chicago, HI. than $200 PER MONTH acting as AGENTS for the sale of our properties in MUSKOGEE and TAFT, OKLAHOMA. The real coming country where there are opportunities and openings for all. Write us to-day, giving your age and experience, FOR SALE and we will offer you a FIXE PROPOSI An automatic addressing machine. Ad TION WHICH WILL MAKE YOU dresses envelopes, newspaper wrappers, MONEY. Address fills in statements, letters, etc. A child can operate it. Will address 800 per hour. REEVES REALTY GO. Invaluable in publishing house, insurance Department C office or any business which handles a large 217 Flynn-Ames Bldg. Muskogee, Okla. correspondence. Address Addressing Machine, care THE CRISIS AGENTS—Represent reliable house, 400 per 26 Vesey Street, New York cent, profit. Selling GORDON'S Photo Pillow Tops. High grade work. Easy sales. Big money. Samples and catalogue free. Luther Gordon Co. 206 N. Fifth Ave., Chicago, Ill. RELIABLE HELP at all times for the most dis MUTUAL TEACHERS' criminating employers. Out-of-town correspondence invited. AGENCY References thoroughly investigated. Recommends teachers for schools; secures Address: employment for teachers. Blanks and MISS I. L. MOORMAN information furnished free on application. 463 Lenox Avenue New York 1335 T Street, N. W. Washington, D. C. Mention THE CRISIS. THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 151 BOOKS I REAL ESTATE The Curse of Race Prejudice Valuable Texas Lands James F. Morton, Jr, AM., Author and Publisher. Forceful, rational, comprehensive. An arsenal For Sale of facts and unanswerable arguments. Invaluable Large tracts of farm land in the best localities for propaganda. Bead the chapter on 'The Bug of the State for sale at very flattering prices. bear of Social Equality," which is a veritable eye Small tracts of good lands suitable for farming, opener. Thousands already sold. Agents wanted truck, fruits and any domestic product. We have everywhere. for sale a number of large farms already in cultiva PRICE 25 CENTS tion, good houses an ' barns, wells, and nice pasture lands, which can be obtained at reasonable rates. Address the Author at 244 West 143d Street, City property a specialty. Business lots in the best New York, N. Y. part of the city, improved and unimproved. Large lots suitable for factory property with switch facilities. No investment can be more valuable than an in vestment in Texas real estate. Lands are becoming The Power of Womanhood so valuable that they are doubling themselves in value in less than a year's time. For any invest A Speech by Joseph Wellington ment in Texas property, write T. B. Madison Real Estate Company, 2416 Elm Street, Dallas. Texas. PRICE 20 CENTS Sold by THE STANDARD NEWS COMPANY 131 West 53d Street, New York To Colored People FOR SALE—We have houses from $1,000 to AGENTS WANTED EVERYWHERE $30,000. Oar city is the capital of Ohio and a great manufacturing center—plenty of work, a good place to locate for business. Can sell you a house for $50. $100 to $500 down, balance like rent. For investment and speculating houses or PATENTS business places, $1,000 to $5,000 down, balance on long time payment. Farm land prices from $1,000 to $10,000 up. Any of these are in good locations. L. H. LATIMER Write for further information. THIS IS A COLORED ENTERPRISE. MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEER and EDWARD A. SHANKLIN SOLICITOR OF PATENTS Real Estate 55 John Street New York 1218 1/2, Mt. Vernon Ave Columbus. Ohio Inventions Perfected, Models and Experi mental Machines Designed and Constructed. MOVING Technical Translations. Telephone 343 John Room 604 Telephone 4214 Greeley BRANICS EXPRESS MUSIC PACKING AND SHIPPING ANDREW J. BRANIC Formerly Manager Virginia Transfer Company HELEN ELISE SMITH 459 SEVENTH AVENUE New York City CONCERT PIANIST Orders by mail or 'phone receive prompt attention Post-Graduate of the Institute of Musical Art TRUNKS STORED 25c. PER MONTH Pupil of Sigismund Stojowsky Official Expressman for the C. V. B. A. Teacher of Piano, Theory, Ear-training, etc. 224 EAST 86TH STREET, NEW YORK CITY UNDERTAKERS Telephone Columbus 3935 Open All Night Composer ART. NAYLOR Playwright Original songs and acts written to order. RODNEY DADE & BROS. Music set to words, words set to music. Acts and songs revised. Correspondence solicited. Undertakers and Embalmers Terms reasonable. 830 S. 3d St., Springfield, Ill. Notary Public Funeral Parlor and Chapel Free. Licensed Lady Embalmer Prompt Service REGALIA 266 West 53d Street New York, N. Y. Between Broadway and 8th Avenue A RACE ENTERPRISE SCHOOLS Manufacturing Badges, Banners and Sup plies for all Fraternal and Church Societies. Learn Algebra or Catalogue upon request. Shorthand Writing CENTRAL REGALIA CO. During your spare time. Complete course: either one by mail, $14.00; book furnished. $2.00 down Jos. L. Jones, Pres. and then $1.00 a month until paid. We can accom modate 200 by mail. N. E. Cor. 8th and Plum Streets PERKINS SEMINARY Cincinnati, Ohio 320 S. 10th Street Birmingham, Ala. Mention THE CRISIS. 152 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER This Beautifully Ornamented BEAUTIFUL ART EXHIBIT Miss Cora Van Schoick is conducting a sale and exhibit of unusual interest at the WHITE BOSS Fifteen-Year Guaranteed MISSION, 217 East 86th Street, New York. Gold-Filled Pencil and Box There is on sale hand-painted china and pillow tops, hand-made opera bags, pin cushions and of quality A leads sent to any novelties. These hand creations are suggestive for gifts and interior decorations. address, postage prepaid, on receipt of Telephone 3253 Harlem ONE DOLLAR CARPET CLEANING Cleaners and Renovators We also have the same pencil at For Particular People the same price in guaranteed sterling silver. New York Careful Cleaning Bureau 12 West 135th Street For the lady's purse or chatelaine. We make a specialty of cleaning and renovating For the gentleman's watch charm carpets, rugs, portieres and upholstered furniture; we also vacuum clean in the home. We are not or guard. the largest carpet cleaner in the world, but abso lutely the most careful in every detail. Fifteen-year guaranteed gold or CARPETS AND RUGS OUR silver for $ 1. Write SHAMPOOING SPECIALTY Shippar-Nowell Co. Box 25, Station J New York City KELSEY'S Human Hair Goods and Hair Preparations Have stood the test for years. All No. 4 Special Buggy the latest styles in Braids, Transfor mations, Puffs, Toupees, Wigs, etc., carefully matched to a sample of your $65.00 hair, and beautifully made. Only the best hair used in manufacturing. A value unequaled. Sold on KELSEY'S Hair Grower and Dress $1.00 Profit Margin. Write ing, made of the purest Hair and for prices and other styles. Scalp foods, relieves the Scalp of all Send for catalog. of the many diseases for which it is subject, causing the Hair to become soft and healthy, and POSITIVELY C. R. Patterson & Sons prevents its falling out. GREENFIELD, OHIO Puffs, Braids and Transformations, Largest Negro carriage concern in the United States $1 up. Hair Grower and Dressing, $1. Send sample of hair for price quota tion. WIGINGTON & BELL S. A. & A. C. KELSEY Architects 328 Lenox Avenue New York City Karbach Block Omaha, Neb. 'Phone 2877 Lenox White Rose Working Girls' Home PATTERNS! PATTERNS!! 217 East 86th Street Bet Second and Third Avenues Exclusive creations of Madame M. Beck, the well- Pleasant temporary lodgings for working girls, known Dressmaker and Designer. with privileges, at reasonable rates. The Home solicits orders for working dresses, aprons, etc. Particular dressers and dressmakers will wait to Address: . see these new designs, which will be one of our MRS. FRANCES E. KEYSER, Supt. new features beginning with the August number. Mention THE CRISIS. THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 153 Underwood PERSONAL CARDS Standard Typewriter Ten Years with Dr. D. C. White Telephone 7189 Morningside DR. JAMES A. BANKS DENTIST 204 WEST 133d STREET. NEW YORK Porcelain, Crown and Bridge Work a Specialty Pure Nitrous-Oxide Gas Administered The regular correspondence machines. J. DOUGLAS WETMORE Models No. 4 and No. 5. are the same in Attorney and Counselor-at-Law all respects except Model No. 5 has four 5 Beekman Street (Temple Court) New York City extra keys for fractions and special char Tel. 6222 Cortlandt Cable Address, Judowet acters. The UNDERWOOD is the most popular correspondence typewriter in the FREDERICK L. McGHEE world. Its sales exceed those of any other Attorney and Counselor-at-Law machine. Union Block, Fourth and Cedar Streets St. Paul, Minn. "The Machine You Will Eventually Buy." General Practice Notary Public Underwood Typewriter Co. WILLIAM R. MORRIS INCORPORATED Attorney and Counselor-at-Law Underwood Building New York 1020 Metropolitan Life Building Minneapolis, Minn. PAMPHLETS Real Estate and Probate Matters a Specialty ROBERT B. BARCUS Published by Attorney and Counselor-at-Law Notary Public The National Association for the Office: Room 502, Eberly Block, Columbus. O. Advancement of Colored People B. S. SMITH 1. African Civilization: By M. D. Mac Attorney and Counselor-at-Law lean. Price 2 cents. Offices: Suite 610, Sykes Block. 2. The Brain of the American Negro: Minneapolis, Minn. By Burt G. Wilder. Price 20 cents. GEORGE W. MITCHELL 3. Social Control: By Jane Addams, of Attorney-at-Law Hull House. Price 1 cent. 908 Walnut Street 4. The Negro as a Soldier: By Briga Philadelphia, Pa. dier-General Burt, U. S. A. Price 5 cents. 5. Leaving It to the South: An experi Tel. 2026 Fort Hill Cable Address, Epben ence and some conclusions by Charles EDGAR P. BENJAMIN Edward Russell. Price 5 cents. Attorney and Counsellor-at-Law 34 SCHOOL STREET Boston, Mass. 6. Views of a Southern Woman: By Adelene Moffat. Price 2 cents. Telephone Connection Address W. Ashbie Hawkins George W. F. McMechen HAWKINS & McMECHEN The Crisis Book Department Attorneys-at-Law 26 VESEY STREET NEW YORK 21 East Saratoga Street Baltimore, Md. Mention THE CRISIS. 154 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER GOOD COMMISSION PAID TO Too, Too! Too, Too! Too, Too ORGANIZERS. JOIN NOW! SOMETHING NEW The Afro-American Order of Orioles With a Graduated Scale of Endowment HOME OFFICE: 110 1/2 Colfax Ave., SouthBend ,Ind . For particulars write G. W. BLAND, H. S. P. S. A. KELSEY, Pres. DR. WM. J. CARTER, Chiropodist. MME. A. C. KELSEY, Gen'l Instr. The Kelsey School of Beauty Culture and Hair Dressing 328 Lenox Avenue, New York City Manicuring, Shampooing, Hair Dressing, Beauty Culture, Hair Making and Chir opody scientifically taught. Day and night sessions. Instructions given to pupils in their own homes if desired. Diplomas awarded. Send for booklet-directory of recently graduated students. Make Your Spare Moments Profitable tjl The continued growth of THE CRISIS necessitates the extension of our field force, and we need representatives in all cities to establish sub-agencies and look after renewals. fl If you can spare a few hours each month to look after our interests in your city, we can make you a proposition that will interest you. The work is dignified as well as profitable. ===== ADDRESS BUSINESS MANAGER ' THE CRISIS, 26 Vesey Street, NEW YORK Mention THE CRISIS. The TESTING FIRE By ALEXANDER CORKEY Author of "The Victory of Allan Rutledge" Is the Sanest Story Ever Written on the Race Problem It is the first story ever written on the race question, by a white man, that is not antagonistic to the colored race, EVERY FREEDMAN SHOULD READ IT Through its pages runs a sweet romance, but it is more than a love story. It is a novel of uplift, accomplishment and promise. No One Interested in the Race Question Should Miss It Price $1.25 Net; Postage 10 Cents Extra The H. K. FLY COMPANY, Publishers NEW YORK CITY This book is for sale in the Book Department of THE CRISIS, 26 Vesey Street, New York YOUR LOCAL PRINTER may be able to do your ordinary printing, but your business and personal stationery, wedding invitations, calling cards, pamphlets, etc., require that particular attention which our experience and facilities afford you. As first-class printers in New York City, we are subject to the most exacting demands, since new designs and type formations must be constantly originated to satisfy a large clientèle of most discriminating patrons. We refer you to Mr. Condé Nast, of Vogue; we print THE CRISIS. Write for samples and special quotations. ROBERT N. WOOD, Printing and Engraving 202 EAST 99th STREET NEW YORK 'Phone 6667 Lenox Mention THE CRISIS. This magnificent hotel, replete with every modern improvement, claims distinction for its location; direct Southern exposure. Superlative in construction, appointments, service and refined patronage. Endorsed by leading representative citizens. Concerts daily by the Abyssinia orchestra. Garage, bathhouses, tennis, etc., on premises. Special attention given to ladies and children. Literature and information mailed upon request. E. W. DALE, Cape May, N. J., Owner and Proprietor HALF A MAN" The Status of the Negro in New York By MARY WHITE OVINGTON With a foreword by Dr. Franz Boas of Columbia University Chapter I. How the colored people won their civil and political rights. Chapters II. and III. The Negro tenement and the life of the poor. Chapters IV. and V. How the colored man earns his living, with a full descrip tion of the professions; the ministry, the stage. Chapter VI. The colored woman, her discouragements and successes. Chapter VII. A vivid description of the life of the well-to-do Negroes. Chapter VIII. The Negro in politics in New York. Chapter IX. The author's personal views on the race question. Price $1.00; by mail, $1.12. LONGMANS, GREEN & CO., Publishers, NEW YORK This book is for sale in the Book Department of The Crisis, 26 Vesey St., Ν. Y. Mention THE CRISIS.