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HA/DR Implications in the Era of Great Power Competition

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HA/DR Implications in the Era of Great Power Competition VOLUME 13, ISSUE 1, 2021 LIAISONA JOURNAL OF CIVIL-MILITARY DISASTER MANAGEMENT & HUMANITARIAN RELIEF COLLABORATIONS HA/DR Implications in the Era of Great Power Competition Exploring Taiwan's HADR Capability U.S. Maritime Grand Strategy in the Indian, Arctic Oceans Protecting Civilians Still Matters in Great-Power Conflict CONTENTS 12 32 12 Exploring Taiwan's HADR Capabilities 24 China's Strategic Calculus Explore how Taiwan can play a more active role in regional This article addresses how Afghanistan may shift its strategic humanitarian assistance disaster relief and how the U.S. and outlook to meet the shift in its strategic outlook to meet the allies can cooperate more with Taiwan in this domain. shift in Beijing's behavior, which is part of a broader strategy to expand and consolidate its influence in Central, South, and Western Asia. 32 US Maritime Grand Strategy 38 GPC in Aleutian Archipelago With the Chinese Communist Party’s errant behavior in mind, With no U.S. Navy surface ships in the Aleutians and no the United States must challenge China’s expansive maritime permanent U.S. Coast Guard bases, the United States is strategy which will grow from a focus in the South China Sea powerless to stop ongoing incursions by Russian warships in to a focus in the Indian and Arctic Oceans. the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone which disrupt commerce and intimidate local Americans. ON THE COVER Photo illustration by Rufino E. Ballesteros 2 LIAISON Volume 13, Issue 1 56 64 48 Global Pandemic and GPC 56 Climate Instability The U.S. Department of Defense is a critical participant and Civil-military organizations can utilize their skill sets to enabler in the ongoing global competition for influence. help bolster partner capabilities and prepare them to face the Humanitarian assistance is a form of global competition. If challenges of climate change. Doing so may be vital to ensure this was not the case before the global pandemic, it certainly is they remain capable partners. now. 60 Protecting Civilians During Conflict 64 Deconflicting in Syria Preventing civilian harm is a strategic, long-term investment in An examination of the Humanitarian Notification Systems peace and stability. Reducing risks to civilians in a large-scale for Deconfliction (HNS4D) used in Syria where humanitarian conflict will directly affect the sustainability of post-war peace. organizations give the geographic locations of their sites and movements to a coordinating body who then shares the coordinates with those involved with the conflict for protection. Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance 3 LIAISON VOLUME 13, ISSUE 1, 2021 Editor Theanne Tangen Assistant Editor Gabriela Capestany Graphic Designer Rufino E. Ballesteros DIRECTORY Please direct all inquiries to: Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance (CFE-DM) 10 New GPC Program Building 76 465 Hornet Avenue Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam 12 Taiwan's HADR Capabilities Hawaii, 96860-3503 Phone: 001-808-472-0518 24 China's Strategic Calculus Website: https://www.cfe-dmha.org 32 US Maritime Strategy LIAISON is a publication of the Center for Excellence in Disaster Management and 38 GPC in Aleutian Archipelago Humanitarian Assistance (CFE-DM) and serves to inform its diverse audience of current and emerging issues related to civil-military 48 Global Pandemic and GPC relations across the broad spectrum of disaster relief in order to enhance understanding Climate instability among civilian and military practitioners and 56 policy makers. Protecting Civilians During Conflict Content is prepared in accordance with the 60 Associated Press Style Guide. Contributions are welcomed and highly encouraged. The editor 64 Deconflicting in Syria reserves the right to make editorial changes to any material submitted as deemed necessary. 72 Simplifying Adaptive Complex Crises The authors in this issue of LIAISON are entirely responsible for opinions expressed in their articles. These opinions are not to be construed 78 References as official views of, or endorsed by, CFE-DM, any of its partners, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. IN EVERY ISSUE In addition to the Liaison staff and contributing 5 The Director’s Letter authors, the editor thanks the following people 6 Contributors whose efforts made the publication possible: Joseph Martin, Doug Wallace, James Kenwolf, 9 Letters to the Editor Rochelle Naeole-Adams, Jesse Wolfe, Beth Gerry, Rod Macalintal, Alice Tsai, Joshua Szimonisz, Trevor Monroe, Lloyd Puckett, Ranya Ghadban, Amy Gorey, Joyce Blanchard, Gregg St. Pierre, Casey Johnson, Stephanie Liu, Kenya Bostic, Clyde Louchez, Andrea Ciletti, Victoria Hart, Alberto Morales, Leigh Sholler, Ralph Mamiya, and Jenney Pantenburg. Official U.S. Navy file photo of ships and submarines participating in Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) exercise 2012 in formation in the waters around the Hawaiian Islands. (Photo by MCC Keith DeVinney) 4 LIAISON Volume 13, Issue 1 LETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR JOSEPH MARTIN, SES y introduction to this of others – a radical notion for a edition of the Liaison historically isolationist country – will use a historical remains a bedrock of U.S. foreign contextM to frame the modern-day policy and the humanitarian Great Powers Competition and the action we carry out and support role humanitarian assistance plays across the globe. Yet, if core tenets in it. underpinning America’s approach On the morning of June 24, 1948 to strategic competition remain the Soviet Army occupying East constant, both the competitors Germany severed all rail, road, and and the field of play have altered canal links into Allied-controlled considerably, with the Asia- Berlin. Food, electricity, coal: all at Pacific region and the U.S.- China once everything was cut off in an relationship front and center for the effort to force the western zone of foreseeable future. the divided city to submit to the Soviet Union. With these dynamics in mind, this issue of the For the first week or so it looked like the Liaison leads with several articles exploring our maneuver might work and the Soviets would take regional partnerships and humanitarian assistance/ control. However, western air force commanders disaster relief (HADR) through the lens of the hurriedly organized perhaps the greatest so-called Great Power Competition. These are humanitarian airlift in history. For the next 11 especially timely pieces, as the recently declassified months the U.S. and its British, French, Canadian, U.S. Indo-Pacific Strategic Framework makes clear, Australian, New Zealand, and South African allies America is seeking not only to sustain but to also flew more than a quarter million relief flights – expand collaboration with regional countries on landing every 30 seconds – into the besieged city. peacekeeping, humanitarian assistance/disaster The Berlin Airlift accomplished many things: It response, and global health. Consistent with our provided life-sustaining humanitarian assistance, seven plus decades of ensuring a free and open led the Soviets to lift their blockade the following Asia-Pacific, these partnerships – especially in May, and spurred the allies’ formation of the NATO the HADR realm – are not about forcing states to alliance and the eventual inclusion of West Germany choose between the U.S. and China, but ensuring within the alliance. Less tangibly, this civil-military the rights- and rules-based system that underwrites humanitarian action revealed the centrality of values their freedom of choice. From West Berlin to the and partnerships in the post-WWII competitive South China Sea, this values- and partnership- space. based approach to strategic competition may be (as As Peter Sichel, an American official serving in Churchill once remarked of democracy) the worst Berlin, recalled more than 70 years later, “Up until option … except everything else that has been tried. then, Berliners saw the Americans as occupiers … The blockade changed that. They saw that we were all in this together, that we were trying to keep the Aloha, city alive, and so we went from this relationship of considerable animosity to them seeing us as their allies.” The dawning realization that we could advance American interests by serving the needs Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance 5 CONTRIBUTORS Dr. Atal Ahmadzai has a PhD in Global Affairs with concentration on environmental and human security. His specialization and research fall within the thematic intersection of climate change, resource conflicts, and development. With multilingual proficiency Dr. Ahmadzai’s regional expertise is focused on Center, South, and Western Asia. He has years of field work experience and first-hand knowledge on issues pertaining to resource conflict, terrorism, and underdevelopment. In addition, Dr. Ahmadzai has years of teaching experience at different educational institutions including Rutgers University, Seton Hall University, New Jersey City University (NJCU), and University of Arizona. He has taught course including but not limited to Human Security, Terrorism and Counterterrorism, Politics of Global Development, Globalization and Governance, International Politics, American Politics, and Research Methodologies. See article, page 24. Dr. Atal Ahmadzai Dr. Deon Canyon joined the Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies in 2016 after working at the University of Hawaii, Curtin University and James Cook University where he focused on global health protection,
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