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The China-Iran Partnership in a Regional Context
Occasional Paper Series No. 38 l September 2020 Last Among Equals: The China-Iran Partnership in a Regional Context By Lucille Greer and Esfandyar Batmanghelidj INTRODUCTION to reorient the balance of power in the Middle East in defiance of the United States, even In early June 2020, a scan of an 18-page though China’s policy is not to make alliances in document began circulating on Iranian social the region. media. Titled “Final Draft of Iran-China Strategic Partnership Deal,” the document, which While that the leaked document included no appeared to have been leaked from the Iranian financial targets, many news reports stated that Ministry of Foreign Affairs, immediately caused the deal would see China invest $400 billion in a firestorm among the general public and Iran, a completely fictitious number that can politicians alike. Soon, the international media be traced back to a dubious article published picked up the document and headlines blared in the spring of 2019.1 Such errors reflect the that Iran and China were forging a new “alliance” long-running overestimation of China’s economic Middle East Program Occasional Paper Series No. 38 l September 2020 engagement not just in Iran, but also in the wider China’s measured approach to building relationships Middle East. Reporting on potential or promised with several countries despite the mutual financing or investment is rarely balanced by the antagonism in the region. actual amount of capital committed and how it is applied across the region. This is the crucial context that is absent in most recent analysis of this deal and its ramifications. -
Ships!), Maps, Lighthouses
Price £2.00 (free to regular customers) 03.03.21 List up-dated Winter 2020 S H I P S V E S S E L S A N D M A R I N E A R C H I T E C T U R E 03.03.20 Update PHILATELIC SUPPLIES (M.B.O'Neill) 359 Norton Way South Letchworth Garden City HERTS ENGLAND SG6 1SZ (Telephone; 01462-684191 during my office hours 9.15-3.15pm Mon.-Fri.) Web-site: www.philatelicsupplies.co.uk email: [email protected] TERMS OF BUSINESS: & Notes on these lists: (Please read before ordering). 1). All stamps are unmounted mint unless specified otherwise. Prices in Sterling Pounds we aim to be HALF-CATALOGUE PRICE OR UNDER 2). Lists are updated about every 12-14 weeks to include most recent stock movements and New Issues; they are therefore reasonably accurate stockwise 100% pricewise. This reduces the need for "credit notes" and refunds. Alternatives may be listed in case some items are out of stock. However, these popular lists are still best used as soon as possible. Next listings will be printed in 4, 8 & 12 months time so please indicate when next we should send a list on your order form. 3). New Issues Services can be provided if you wish to keep your collection up to date on a Standing Order basis. Details & forms on request. Regret we do not run an on approval service. 4). All orders on our order forms are attended to by return of post. We will keep a photocopy it and return your annotated original. -
HA/DR Implications in the Era of Great Power Competition
VOLUME 13, ISSUE 1, 2021 LIAISONA JOURNAL OF CIVIL-MILITARY DISASTER MANAGEMENT & HUMANITARIAN RELIEF COLLABORATIONS HA/DR Implications in the Era of Great Power Competition Exploring Taiwan's HADR Capability U.S. Maritime Grand Strategy in the Indian, Arctic Oceans Protecting Civilians Still Matters in Great-Power Conflict CONTENTS 12 32 12 Exploring Taiwan's HADR Capabilities 24 China's Strategic Calculus Explore how Taiwan can play a more active role in regional This article addresses how Afghanistan may shift its strategic humanitarian assistance disaster relief and how the U.S. and outlook to meet the shift in its strategic outlook to meet the allies can cooperate more with Taiwan in this domain. shift in Beijing's behavior, which is part of a broader strategy to expand and consolidate its influence in Central, South, and Western Asia. 32 US Maritime Grand Strategy 38 GPC in Aleutian Archipelago With the Chinese Communist Party’s errant behavior in mind, With no U.S. Navy surface ships in the Aleutians and no the United States must challenge China’s expansive maritime permanent U.S. Coast Guard bases, the United States is strategy which will grow from a focus in the South China Sea powerless to stop ongoing incursions by Russian warships in to a focus in the Indian and Arctic Oceans. the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone which disrupt commerce and intimidate local Americans. ON THE COVER Photo illustration by Rufino E. Ballesteros 2 LIAISON Volume 13, Issue 1 56 64 48 Global Pandemic and GPC 56 Climate Instability The U.S. Department of Defense is a critical participant and Civil-military organizations can utilize their skill sets to enabler in the ongoing global competition for influence. -
China's Belt and Road Initiative in the Global Trade, Investment and Finance Landscape
China's Belt and Road Initiative in the Global Trade, Investment and Finance Landscape │ 3 China’s Belt and Road Initiative in the global trade, investment and finance landscape China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) development strategy aims to build connectivity and co-operation across six main economic corridors encompassing China and: Mongolia and Russia; Eurasian countries; Central and West Asia; Pakistan; other countries of the Indian sub-continent; and Indochina. Asia needs USD 26 trillion in infrastructure investment to 2030 (Asian Development Bank, 2017), and China can certainly help to provide some of this. Its investments, by building infrastructure, have positive impacts on countries involved. Mutual benefit is a feature of the BRI which will also help to develop markets for China’s products in the long term and to alleviate industrial excess capacity in the short term. The BRI prioritises hardware (infrastructure) and funding first. This report explores and quantifies parts of the BRI strategy, the impact on other BRI-participating economies and some of the implications for OECD countries. It reproduces Chapter 2 from the 2018 edition of the OECD Business and Financial Outlook. 1. Introduction The world has a large infrastructure gap constraining trade, openness and future prosperity. Multilateral development banks (MDBs) are working hard to help close this gap. Most recently China has commenced a major global effort to bolster this trend, a plan known as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). China and economies that have signed co-operation agreements with China on the BRI (henceforth BRI-participating economies1) have been rising as a share of the world economy. -
Silk, Cotton and Cinnamon: Maritime Renaissance of the Indian Ocean
www.maritimeindia.org INTERNATIONAL FLEET REVIEW (IFR) SERIES Silk, Cotton and Cinnamon: Maritime Renaissance of the Indian Ocean Author: Adwita Rai* Date: 27 January 2016 Introduction The Indian Ocean region covers an area of 73,556,000 square miles and links the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Being the third largest ocean in the world, it also encompasses many regional seas: the Arabian Sea, the Andaman Sea, the Gulf of Aden, the Gulf of Mannar, the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea. In addition, it is connected to the Pacific Ocean through the South China Sea and the East China Sea.1 Under such geographical context, it has been a hub of ancient civilizations, economic and cultural interactions. With the rise of Asia in the global geopolitics, the region has re-emerged as a vital maritime arena owing to growing trade, interdependence and economic growth. Encompassing vital sea lanes of communication that feed the world’s economies, the Indian Ocean is the world’s link between the East and the West. Around 80 per cent of the world’s sea-borne oil trade passes through the choke points of this ocean.2 Given its geo-economic importance, the region has become the focus of the emerging world order. The ‘Indo-Pacific’ has emerged as a critical strategic region, which has merged both the Indian and Pacific Ocean. This new geopolitical construct tends to integrate the two oceans seamlessly. The U.S. is rebalancing in the region by economic re- engagement and re-deployment of its naval and air forces. -
China's 21St Century Maritime Silk Road Old String with New Pearls?
VIVEKANANDA INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION China's 21st Century Maritime Silk Road Old String with New Pearls? OCCASIONAL PAPER Vivekananda International Foundation 3, San Martin Marg, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi – 110021 Copyright @ Vivekananda International Foundation, 2016 Designed, printed and bound by IMPRINT SERVICES, New Delhi All rights reserved. No part of this may be reproduced or utilized in any form, or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. China's 21st Century Maritime Silk Road Old String with New Pearls? by Gopal Suri About the Author Gopal Suri Commodore Gopal Suri is a Senior Research Fellow in the field of National Security and Strategy who focusses on maritime security studies. His areas of study encompass the Indian Ocean and the Asia-Pacific region. In his long career, the officer has held important command and staff appointments on shore and at sea. FOREWORD 1. The occasional paper on 'China's 21st Century Maritime Silk Road' is one of the four studies that the Vivekananda International Foundation has undertaken to examine the ambitious 'One Road, One Belt' initiative of China both by road and sea. 2. The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road is not the first maritime initiative that China has undertaken to consolidate its strategic position in the geopolitics of the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) in particular and the Asia Pacific at large. The much bandied 'String of Pearls' in the early 1990s was a precursor to the current initiative though the term itself was a Western construct with the Chinese neither acknowledging nor refuting it. -
Implementasi Keamanan Maritim Di Wilayah Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia Berdasarkan Unclos 1982 Menuju Indonesia Sebagai Negara Maritim
IMPLEMENTASI KEAMANAN MARITIM DI WILAYAH ALUR LAUT KEPULAUAN INDONESIA BERDASARKAN UNCLOS 1982 MENUJU INDONESIA SEBAGAI NEGARA MARITIM SKRIPSI Oleh : LATIFA MARTINI No. Mahasiswa : 13410712 PROGRAM STUDI S1 ILMU HUKUM F A K U L T A S H U K U M UNIVERSITAS ISLAM INDONESIA YOGYAKARTA 2017 IMPLEMENTASI KEAMANAN MARITIM DI WILAYAH ALUR LAUT KEPULAUAN INDONESIA BERDASARKAN UNCLOS 1982 MENUJU INDONESIA SEBAGAI NEGARA MARITIM SKRIPSI Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi Sebagian Persyaratan Guna Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana (Strata-1) pada Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia Yogyakarta Oleh : LATIFA MARTINI No. Mahasiswa : 13410712 PROGRAM STUDI S1 ILMU HUKUM F A K U L T A S H U K U M UNIVERSITAS ISLAM INDONESIA YOGYAKARTA 2017 i ii iii iv CURRICULUM VITAE 1. Nama Lengkap : Latifa Martini 2. Tempat Lahir : Lamongan 3. Tanggal Lahir : 17 Maret 1995 4. Jenis Kelamin : Perempuan 5. Golongan Darah : O 6. Alamat Terakhir : Jl.Tohpati Nyutran MG II/1640 7. Alamat Asal : RT/RW 01/01 Dsn. Krajan 1, Ds. Sukobendu, Kec. Mantup, Kab. Lamongan 8. Identitas Orang Tua/ Wali a. Nama Ayah : Shofwan Hadi Pekerjaan Ayah : Swasta b. Nama Ibu : Siti Shofiya Pekerjaan Ibu : Ibu Rumah Tangga Alamat Orang Tua : RT/RW 01/01 Dsn. Krajan 1, Ds. Sukobendu, Kec. Mantup, Kab. Lamongan 9. Riwayat Pendidikan a. SD : MI Islahiyyah Sukobendu b. SLTP : SMP Negeri 3 Sugio c. SLTA : SMK Negeri 1 Lamongan 10. Organisasi : 1. Fungsionaris Departemen Kajian Strategis Lembaga Eksekutif Mahasiswa FH UII Periode 2014-2015 : 2. Staff Centre for Local Law Development Studies Tahun 2015 - 2017 11. Hobby : Membaca, dan Makan. Yogyakarta, 17 Juli 2017 Yang Bersangkutan, (Latifa Martini) NIM. -
Multimoda Transportation Development in Acceleration of Tourism Selection of Belitung Regency
Multimoda Transportation Development In Acceleration of Tourism Selection of Belitung Regency Aswin1*, Sudjanadi Tjipto Sudarmo2, Osman Arofat3 1,2,3Institut Transportasi dan Logistik Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Abstract Tanjung Kelayang Tourism Special Economic Zone (KEK) is one of the National Tourism Strategic Areas. The location of this area that reaches 27 km from the city of Tanjungpandan requires adequate transportation facilities and infrastructure. Customizable, reliable, effective and efficient transportation can be customized. The condition of an effective and efficient transportation system is expected to support the acceleration of the Tanjung Kelayang Tourism Special Economic Zone (KEK). The research method used is descriptive with a SWOT practical approach. Limited accessibility of transportation facilities and infrastructure, both sea and air, and the environment needed. Tanjung Kelayang Being less than optimal. Multimodal transportation development for acceleration. The Maritime and Maritime Sector is one of the main means for development needed by the Tanjung Kelayang Tourism Special Economic Zone. Keywords: accessibility, facilities and infrastructure, multimodal transportation Introduction In 2018 the central government determines tourism as the top three leading sectors that will be optimized to boost economic growth. For this reason, the government released branding of 10 new tourism destinations to strengthen the slogan of Wonderful Indonesia in order to attract more tourists. The 10 new tourist destinations called "New Bali" are expected to be able to catch up with the national tourism target in 2018 as many as 17 million foreign tourists and 270 million domestic tourists. Tanjung Kelayang is also one of 10 national priority tourism destinations, the area has an exotic and enchanting beach and is expected to become the second Bali. -
Paine, Sea and Civilization Bibliography
Abbreviations IJNA International Journal of Nautical Archaeology JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society JESHO Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient JSEAS Journal of Southeast Asian Studies Abbott, John S. C. “Ocean Life.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine 5:25 (1852): 61–66. Abu Zayd Hasan ibn Yazid al-Sirafi. Concerning the Voyage to the Indies and China. In Ancient Accounts of India and China by Two Mohammedan Travellers, Who Went to Those Parts in the 9th Century. Trans. Eusebius Renaudot. 1733. Reprint, New Delhi: Asian Education Services, 1995. Abulafia, David. “Neolithic Meets Medieval: First Encounters in the Canary Islands.” In Medieval Frontiers: Concepts and Practices, ed. by David Abulafi a, 173–94. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2002. ———. “Trade and Crusade, 1050–1250.” In Mediterranean Encounters, Economic, Religious, Political, 1100–1550. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 2000. Adam of Bremen. History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen. Trans. Francis J. Tschau. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1959. Adney, Tappan, and Howard Chapelle. The Bark Canoes and Skin Boats of North America. Washington: Smithsonian, 1964. Aeschylus. Lyrical Dramas. London: Dent, 1940. Agatharchides of Cnidus. On the Erythraean Sea. Trans. Stanley M. Burstein. London: Hakluyt, 1989. Agawa, Hiroyuki. The Reluctant Admiral: Yamamoto and the Imperial Navy. New York: Kodansha, 1979. Agius, Dionisius A. Classic Ships of Islam: From Mesopotamia to the Indian Ocean. Leiden: Brill, 2008. Ahmad, S. Maqbul. “Travels of Abu ‘l Hasan ‘Ali b. al Husayn al Mas’udi.” Islamic Culture 28 (1954): 509–24. Ahrweiler, Helene. Byzance et la mer. Paris: Presses Universitaire de France, 1966. Albion, Robert G. -
A Chinese-Drawn World Map Depicts Europe Between 1157 and 1166, and Reveals Sino-Europe Maritime Routes Already Existing in the Millennia Before Christ
1 A Chinese-drawn world map depicts Europe between 1157 and 1166, and reveals Sino-Europe maritime routes already existing in the millennia before Christ By Sheng-Wei Wang* 28 May 2021 Abstract This paper reports that a Chinese-based world map ‒ the Kunyu Wanguo Quantu《坤舆 万国全图》or Complete Geographical Map of All the Kingdoms of the World published by Matteo Ricci in 1602 in China ‒ depicts Europe in the period between 1157 and 1166, during the Southern Song Dynasty (南宋; 1127-1279), and that a network of trade routes ‒ the Maritime Silk Road routes connecting China and Europe ‒ existed already before Christ. The findings are based on: 1) a comparison of key geographical features in the European portion of the Kunyu Wanguo Quantu with major European and Arabic maps from antiquity to the late sixteenth century; 2) a comprehensive examination of the geographical and historical information of each named European kingdom, principality, duchy, republic, state, confederation, province, county, region, autonomous or semi- autonomous region, city/town, peninsula, island, ocean, sea, lake and river depicted on the Kunyu Wanguo Quantu; 3) a historical record of China-Byzantine interactions during the rule of the Emperor Shenzong (神宗; 1048-1085) of the Northern Song Dynasty (北 宋; 960-1127); 4) archaeological findings from the “Nanhai One (南海一号)” shipwreck dated around the 1160s of the Southern Song Dynasty and discovered in the South China Sea in 1987; and 5) the latest archaeological surveys made by T. C. Bell in Ireland and the United Kingdom, revealing that the Chinese had actually operated in Western Europe as early as 2850 B. -
Historical Perspectives on Trade and Risk on the Silk Road, Middle East and China
Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies Quinlan School of Business 9-1-2015 Historical Perspectives on Trade and Risk on the Silk Road, Middle East and China E. Mine Cinar Loyola University Chicago Katherine Geusz Loyola University Chicago Joseph Johnson Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/meea Part of the Economics Commons Recommended Citation Cinar, E. Mine; Geusz, Katherine; and Johnson, Joseph, "Historical Perspectives on Trade and Risk on the Silk Road, Middle East and China". Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies, electronic journal, 17, Middle East Economic Association and Loyola University Chicago, 2015, http://www.luc.edu/ orgs/meea/ This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Quinlan School of Business at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. © 2015 the authors Topics in Middle Eastern and African Economies Vol. 17, Issue No. 2, May 2015 Historical Perspectives on Trade and Risk on the Silk Road, Middle East and China E. Mine Cinar, Katherine Geusz, and Joseph Johnson Loyola University Chicago JEL Codes: N25, N23, F10, F39 Keywords: Historical Silk Road, China, international trade, risk Abstract: In this paper we examine historical trends in the Silk Road where we discuss historical trade risks, Chinese dynasties and trade. -
The Maritime Silk Road: History of an Idea
YUSOF ISHAK INSTITUTE NALANDA-SRIWIJAYA CENTRE WORKING PAPER SERIES NO. 23 THE MARITIME SILK ROAD: HISTORY OF AN IDEA Kwa Chong Guan YUSOF ISHAK INSTITUTE NALANDA-SRIWIJAYA CENTRE WORKING PAPER SERIES NO. 23 (Oct 2016) THE MARITIME SILK ROAD: HISTORY OF AN IDEA Kwa Chong Guan Kwa Chong Guan is an Honorary Affiliate with the Archaeology Unit of the Nalanda-Sriwijaya Centre. He is with the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies at the Nanyang Technological University where he works on a range of regional security issues. He continues to have an honorary affiliation with the History Department of the National University of Singapore, where he is involved in a project to source for archival records on Singapore before 1819. His recent publications include "The challenge of strategic intelligence for the Singapore Armed Forces," in B. Desker & Ang C G, eds., Perspectives on the Security of Singapore (2016) and earlier, Early Southeast Asia Viewed from India: An Anthology of Articles from the Journal of the Greater India Society (2013) and Singapore: A 700-Year History; From Early Emporium to World City (2009). He can be contacted at [email protected] The NSC Working Paper Series is published Citations of this electronic publication should be electronically by the Nalanda-Sriwijaya Centre of made in the following manner: ISEAS - Yusok Ishak Institute Kwa Chong Guan, The Maritime Silk Road: History of an Idea, Nalanda-Sriwijaya Centre Working © Copyright is held by the author or authors of each Paper No 23 (Oct 2016). Working Paper. NSC WPS Editors: Andrea Acri Helene Njoto NSC Working Papers cannot be republished, reprinted, or Terence Chong Joyce Zaide reproduced in any format without the permission of the paper’s author or authors.