: : *
1956 1947 . . . . . . .
:
. * / 118118118
( 900 ) 1956 1947 (En Gedi) (Khirbat Mird) (Morabbaat) (Qumran) 21 . (Masada) . . (Licht & Bruce, 1971: 5/1396) . « » . . . . . . (Black, 1969: 97 99; Rowley, 1964: 30 32) . . 1991 . » (Michael Baigent and Richard Leigh) 119119119 / :
(The Dead Sea Scrolls Deception) « 4 . 1991 . . . . . . . . (Athanasisus Samuel) (Sommer, 1952: 9 11; Schiffman, 2005: 249; Moore Cross, 1958: 1 . . 3) . . (Campebell, 1998: 3) (John C. Trever) . . . . . 1956 1947 . 10 9 8 7 5 3 / 120120120
. . 1 4 . . . . (Licht & Bruce, 1971: 5/1397 98) : . . (Collin, 1997:29 30) . . . . . . (Licht & Bruce, 1971: 5/1404 6) . ) . ( . 121121121 / :
(Nahl Hever) ( 150 ) . (Licht & Bruce, 1971: 5/140) .(Graystone, 1956:5 9) (Nabonidus) (Proto Masoretic) 4 4 . (Licht & Bruce, 1971, 5:1400 1) . ) 7 ( ) (Bin Sirach) . . ( . (The Book of the Divisions of Times into their Jubilees and Weeks ) . 4 2 1 ) : (. 4 1 / 122122122
(Genizah) 4 (Naphtali) . . 1Qs : : = 1 ( Qumran ) = Q . . (Licht & Bruce, 1971: 1398) = S
: : : 1 . : : . . . .(Burrows, 1951: Chapter 2) : ) (P = pesher, ‘interpretation’) (1QpHab) ( ) . . . . . (‘ap’ = apocryphon) (1QapGen) . . . . 123123123 / :
(H = bodayot, ‘hymns’) (lQH) . . .(M = Milchamab, ‘War’) ( 1QM ) . . . (S= serekh, ‘Rule’) ( 1QS ) . 4 . : : .
: 2: . . ( / ) (Bensirach) : 3 . / 124124124
. (A. J. T. Jull and others, 1995: 14) . 3 . (Wright Baker) 1956 . . . (John . (J.T. Milik) 1960 Allegro) . . 64 56 56 1300 . . 690 608 . . 26 65 . (Andre Dupont Sommer) (Chaim Rabin) . . . . . . (Vermes, 1965: 250 51; Baigent, 1997: 209 11) 4: . 125125125 / :
. . . ( ) . 1896 . (Cairo and Damascus) CD 4QD . : . . . . . . . 4QMMT (Miqsat Ma'ase haTorah) . . . 4 6: 5 . . 200 / 126126126
. . 10 7 1957 10: 7 9 8 7 . . . 10 . (Temple Scroll) : 11 . /8 148 . . 1 (paleo Hebrew) . . 5 ) . . 10 ( (The Apocalypse of the New Jerusalem ) . . (Licht & Bruce, 5/1401 2; Baigent, 1997: 215 16)
(Rotgers (Dr. Mahlon H. Smith) : : University) 1947 ▪ ▪ (Ta΄amireh) ▪ 127127127 / :
▪ 250 (Eliezer Sukenik) ▪ (Feidi Salahi) 29 ▪ (Hodayot) ▪ . . 1948 ▪ (John C. Trevor) ▪ ( ASOR ) ▪ (William Brownlee) (William F. Albright) ▪ (Millar Burrows) ▪ ▪ ▪ « » ▪ 11 11 ▪ (G.L. Harding) ▪ . . / 128128128
1949 (Roland Gu′erin de Vaux) ▪ 1 ▪ ▪ 12 . . 12 1950 (Andre Dupont Sommer) ▪ (Solomon Zeitlin) ▪ ▪ ▪ . . (1QpHab) 1951 1QS ▪ (Burrows & Brownlee) ▪ ▪ . . ▪ 1952 2 ▪ ASOR ▪ 129129129 / :
▪ ▪ 180 4 ▪ 6. 6. 5 ▪ 1953 ▪ ▪ : (Frank Moore Cross & Patrick Skehan) (Dominique (John Allegro & John Strugnell) (Claus Hunno Hunziger) Barthelemy & Jean Starcky) . . (Josef T. Milik) 1954 (Yigael Yadin) ▪ 250000 (Chaim Rabin) ▪ . . 1955 ▪ (Edmund Wilson) ▪ ▪ 10 7 ▪ / 130130130
▪ . . 1956 ▪ ▪ ▪ BBC ▪ ▪ ▪ (Genesis Apocryphon) ▪ 4 ▪ 11 ▪ . . 1957 » (Cecil Roth) ▪ (Menahem) « . . 68 1 ▪ 131131131 / :
(Theodor H. Gaster) . . 1956 (Maurice ▪ Baillet) . . ▪ 1959 ▪ ▪ = ) ( ( ▪ ▪ . . 1960 ▪ ▪ 4 ▪ ▪ 574 ▪ ▪ / 132132132
. . ▪ 1961 ▪ ▪ . . 11 1962 (Geza Vermes) ▪ . . 1963 (Münster) (K.H. Rengstorf) ▪ ▪ . . . 4 1965 (G.R. Driver) . . ▪ 1 ▪ . . 1966 (The Untold Story of the Dead Sea « » ▪ (Harpers Magazine) Scrolls) ▪ 133133133 / :
▪ . . 1967 ▪ . . 1970 ASOR (Norman Golb) ▪ . . 1971 . . ▪ 1972 (Pierre Benoit) ▪ (Jose O. Callaghan) ▪ 7 24 23 : 1 :1 16 4 : 3 53 52 : 6 » ▪ . . (Discoveries in the Judean Desert) « 1975 ▪ . . (Lawrence Schiffman) 1976 ▪ (Son of Man) « » . . / 134134134
1977 ▪ (David Noel Freedman) ▪ . . 1979 ▪ (The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Christian Myth) « « » . . 1980 ▪ (Emanuel Tov & Elisha Qimron) (Elizabeth Bechtel) ▪ . . 1983 11 ▪ (The Dawn of Qumran: The : ▪ (Ben Zion Sectarian Torah and the Teacher of Righteousness ) Wacholder) ▪ (Robert Eisenman) . . 1984 ▪ 135135135 / :
« » ▪ ( 4QMMT ) . . ▪ 1986 (Ritual laws) ▪ ( 4QMMT ) (Acts of Torah) (James the Just in the Habakkuk Pesher) ▪ (The man of the Lie) « » ▪ (The Wicked Priest) « » (Carsten Thiede) ▪ 7Q5 . . 1987 ▪ ▪ (Huntington) ▪ . . 1988 ▪ 7 ▪ . . (Wilhelm Nebe) / 136136136
1989 ▪ ▪ 350000 ▪ ▪ 4 (Hreschel Shanks) ▪ (Biblical of Archaeological Review) ▪ NY ▪ . . 1990 (The New Halakhic « » ▪ Letter & the Origins of the Dead Sea Sect) . 9 ▪ (Michael Wise) 1700 ▪ ▪ . . 30 (Emanuel Tov) 1991 . . ▪ 137137137 / :
(Martin Abegg) ▪ ▪ 4 4 ▪ ▪ ▪ 22 22 ▪ ▪ (James M. Robinson) (Society of Biblical Literature) ▪ 25 . . 1992 » (Barbara Thiering) ▪ (Jesus & the Riddle of the Dead Sea Scrolls) « ( ) ( ) (The Dead Sea Scrolls Uncovered) « » ▪ . . 1993 (Library of Congress) ▪ / 138138138
. . 1994 (4QMMT ) ▪ ▪ . (Hanan Eshel) 4 ▪ (Bruce Zuckerman) ▪ . . 1996 7 ▪ . . 1997 7 ▪ . . 1998 ▪ . . (Gabriele Boccaccini) . . 2000 (Steve Mason) ▪ . . ( ) 139139139 / :
. . . . . « » . .
)2( )2( )1( / 140140140
Baigent, Michael & Leigh Richard (1997), The Dead Sea Scrolls Deception, Great Britain: CoRG Books Publ. Black, Matthew (1969), The Scrolls and Christianity, London: S.P.C.K. Burrows, Millar (1951), The Dead Sea scrolls, American School of Oriental Research. Campebell, Johnathan (1998), Dead Sea Scrolls, the Complete Story, Ulysses Press Berke. Collin, John Josef (1997), Seers, Sibyls and sages in Hellenistic Roman Judaism, Leiden: The Netherlands. Graystone, Geoffrey (1956), The Dead Sea Scrolls and the originality of Christ, New York: Sheed & ward. Jull, A. J. T. and others (1995), "Radiocarbon Dating of scrolls and Linen Fragments from the Judean Desert", Radiocarbon 37. Licht, Jacob & Feredrick Fyvie Bruce (1971), “Dead Sea Scrolls”, in: The Encyclopedia Judaica, vol. 5. Moore Cross Jr., Frank (1958), The Ancient Library of Qumran and Modern Biblical Studies, Doubleday, Garden City. Rowley, H. H. (1964), The Dead Sea Scrolls and The New Testament, London: S.P.C.K. Schiffman, Lawrence H. (2005), “Dead Sea Scrolls”, in: The Encyclopedia of Religion, Mirca Eliade (ed.) second edition, MacMillan Publ, vol. 4. Sommer, A. Dupont (1952), The Dead Sea Scrolls, tr. E. Margaret Rowley, Basil Blackwell Publ. Vermes, Geza (1965), The Dead Sea Scrolls in English , Penguin Books Ltd.