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Treatment of Domestic Waste Water Using Natural Flocculants

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Treatment of Domestic Waste Water Using Natural Flocculants Int. J. LifeSc. Bt & Pharm. Res. 2012 Narmadha D and Mary Selvam Kavitha V J, 2012 ISSN 2250-3137 www.ijlbpr.com Vol. 1, No. 3, July 2012 © 2012 IJLBPR. All Rights Reserved Research Paper TREATMENT OF DOMESTIC WASTE WATER USING NATURAL FLOCCULANTS Narmadha D1* and Mary Selvam Kavitha V J1 *Corresponding Author: Narmadha D, [email protected] Wastewater generated from wastewater treatment plant contains odors some non pathogens, fecal Coliforms, fungus etc., and chemicals such as phenols, nitrate, chloride etc., in addition to usual constituents such as urine and faeces. The present investigation was hence made in wastewater treatment plant situated in Kallaraimedu of Kodaikanal. Presently the waste water is passing through an underground system to the wastewater plant. In this study analyze the Physio-chemical parameters and biological parameters of septic water before and after treatment with horse and cow dung; and portable water. Isolate and identify the microbes present in horse and cow dung by using biochemical tests. Keywords: Waste water, microbial treatment of waste, Flocculants INTRODUCTION such as urea, fruit sugars, soluble proteins, drugs, Wastewater can be defined as the flow of use pharmaceuticals, etc.; Inorganic particles such water discharged from homes, businesses, as sand, grit, metal particles, ceramics, etc.; industries, commercial activities and institutions Soluble inorganic material such as ammonia, which are directed to treatment plants by a road-salt, sea-salt, cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, carefully designed and engineered network of thiocyanates, thiosulfates, etc.; Animals such as pipes. This wastewater is further categorized and protozoa, insects, arthropods, small fish, etc.; defined according to its sources of origin as 1. Macro-solids such as sanitary napkins, nappies/ domestic or sanitary wastewater and 2. Industrial diapers, condoms, needles, children’s toys, dead wastewater animals or plants, etc.; Gases such as hydrogen Pathogens present in waste water include sulfide, carbon dioxide, methane, etc.; Emulsions bacteria, viruses, prions and parasitic worms and such as paints, adhesives, mayonnaise, hair Non-pathogenic bacteria. Organic particles such colorants, emulsified oils, etc.; Toxins such as as faeces, hairs, food, vomit, paper fibers, plant pesticides, poisons, herbicides, etc., are the material, humus, etc.; Soluble organic material constituents of waste water. 1 Department of Biotechnology, Mother Teresa Women's University, Kodaikanal. This article can be downloaded from http://www.ijlbpr.com/currentissue.php 206 Int. J. LifeSc. Bt & Pharm. Res. 2012 Narmadha D and Mary Selvam Kavitha V J, 2012 SEWAGE TREATMENT requires the use of an ozone generator, which By definition, treatment process means a series decontaminates the water as Ozone bubbles of actions or changes. Treatment facilities percolate through the tank. incorporate numerous processes which in Treated wastewater can be reused as drinking combination achieve the desired water quality water, in industry (cooling towers), in artificial objectives. These processes involve the recharge of aquifers, in agriculture and in the separation, removal and disposal of pollutants rehabilitation of natural ecosystems. In order to present in the wastewater. The treatment of achieve ecological wastewater treatment, wastewater is accomplished by four basic ecological engineering, a closed-loop treatment methods or techniques; physical, mechanical, system is recommended. Many present day biological and chemical. Most wastewater is systems are a “disposal-based linear system”. treated in industrial-scale wastewater treatment The traditional linear treatment systems must be plants (WWTPs) which may include physical, transformed into the cyclical treatment to promote chemical and biological treatment processes. the conservation of water and nutrient resources. However, the use of septic tanks and other On- Using organic waste nutrient cycles, from point- Site Sewage Facilities (OSSF) is widespread in of-generation to point-of-production, closes the rural areas, serving up to one quarter of the homes resource loop and provides an approach for the in the U.S. The most important mechanical management of valuable wastewater resources. aerobic treatment system is the activated sludge Chemical treatment methods enhance the process, based on the maintenance and efficiency of other process operations and provide reconciliation of a complex biomass composed specialized treatment as a result of their addition of micro-organisms able to absorb and adsorb at various treatment stages. The commonly used the organic matter carried in the wastewater. physiochemical processes that require chemical Anaerobic processes are widely applied in the action precipitation, chemical oxidation, carbon treatment of industrial wastewaters and biological adsorption, ultra filtration, reverse osmosis, sludge. Some wastewater may be highly treated electro dialysis, volatilization and gas stripping. and reused as reclaimed water. In some waste They are either very pollutant specific, or more waters ecological approaches using reed bed expensive than dumping and using more water. systems such as constructed wetlands may be The action of bacteria and other micro- appropriate. Modern systems include tertiary organisms are biological methods of treatment, treatment by micro filtration or synthetic which play a vital role in the removal of pollutants membranes. After membrane filtration, the treated which cannot be effectively achieved by other wastewater is indistinguishable from waters of means. the natural origin of drinking quality. Nitrates can be removed from wastewater by microbial SEPTIC TANK TREATMENT denitrification, for which a small amount of BY BACTERIA methanol is typically added to provide the bacteria with a source of carbon. Ozone Waste Water Although there are many methods used, there Treatment is also growing in popularity, and are numerous concerns raised regarding the This article can be downloaded from http://www.ijlbpr.com/currentissue.php 207 Int. J. LifeSc. Bt & Pharm. Res. 2012 Narmadha D and Mary Selvam Kavitha V J, 2012 presence of constituents including heavy metals, and identified by using selective and differential pathogens and other toxic substances. This media. MR-VP medium (Methyl Red Voges requires the selection of the correct disposal Proskauer), nutrient agar, nutrient broth, tryptic method focusing on efficient and environmentally soy agar, starch agar, Mannitol salt agar, Simmon safe disposal. New technologies are being Citrate agar, lactose Broth were used. The pour produced to assist in the treatment and disposal plate technique was used for bacterial of sewage sludge, conforming to strict enumeration and determines the bacterial count environmental regulations. One of these new in a milliliter or gram of a specimen. After technologies being proposed is the use of incubation, colonies appearing on the agar are Effective Microorganisms (EM). counted. Each colony represents one colony forming unit (CFU). The CFU/ml or CFU/g is then Bacteria are living organisms, part of the calculated. Gram staining was used to distinguish earth’s biological system. In a septic system between gram positive and gram negative bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis aid in digesting bacteria. waste matter inspects the system approximately every three years. The sludge is pumped when EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN necessary to maintain a proper operating system to provide a healthy environment for bacteria to Sample Preparation achieve optimum population levels and proper Two litres of septic water samples were collected operation within the septic tank. from water treatment plant, Kallaraimedu, Kodaikanal and dispensed into 4 conical flasks. The septic tank processes convert the organic nitrogen compounds into ammonium; however The volume of sample in each conical flask was no conversion of ammonium to nitrate is expected 500ml. The first conical flask with the septic water to occur in the septic tank. Since in the septic sample was not treated Septic water untreated tank phosphorus concentration is high (SWUT). 5g of Horse dung was weighed and wastewater coliform bacteria are not removed added into a conical flask containing 500ml of the because reduction of ammonium to nitrate does sample. This was named as septic water treated not occur. Flocculant1 (SWTS 1). 5g of Cow dung was weighed and added into a conical flask containing MATERIALS AND METHODS 500ml of the sample. This was named as septic Flocculant Collection and Analysis of water treated Flocculant2 (SWTS 2). The known Flocculant Bactizyme was used as an internal positive Flocculant was collected from Kodaikanal area control it was weighed 5g and added to the between Jan-Feb. 2011. Horse dung was used sample (SWTS 3). The 500ml of distilled water as Flocculant1 and cow dung was used as with no dung was kept as Negative control Flocculant2. (SWNC). Potable water was used as Standard (SWSS). Isolation and Identification of Microbes Present in Horse and Cow Dung Analysis of Septic Water Microbes present in the flocculants were isolated The collected samples were subjected to This article can be downloaded from http://www.ijlbpr.com/currentissue.php 208 Int. J. LifeSc. Bt & Pharm. Res. 2012 Narmadha D and Mary Selvam Kavitha V J, 2012 systemic analysis of the below stated Total Dissolved Solids physiochemical parameters, biological testing The total Dissolved Solids of the samples of the and microbial characteristics
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