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Planning Guide for On-Site Greywater/ Wastewater Disposal Systems for Recreational and Administrative Sites Part II

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United States Department of Agriculture Planning Guide for Forest Service On-Site Greywater/ Technology & Development Program Wastewater 2300—Recreation Management September 1998 9823 1204—SDTDC Disposal Systems for Recreational and Administrative Sites Part II v Planning Guide for On-Site Greywater/ Wastewater Disposal Systems for Recreational and Administrative Sites Part II San Dimas Technology and Development Center San Dimas, California September 1998 Dave Erlenbach Mechanical Engineering Technician Paul Lachapelle Research Assistant Information contained in this document has been developed for the guidance of employees of the Forest Service, USDA, its contractors, and cooperating Federal and State agencies. The Department of Agriculture assumes no responsibility for the interpretation or use of this information by other than its own employees. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official evaluation, conclusion, recommendation, endorsement, or approval of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, and marital or familial status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint, write the Secretary of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture,i Washington, DC 20250, or call 1-800-245-630 (voice) or 202-720- 1127 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity employer. TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE .......................................................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................1 PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS.....................................................................................................1 PLANNING STEPS FOR A WASTEWATER DISPOSAL SYSTEM ................................................ 2 Site Evaluation .........................................................................................................................2 Determine Quality of Wastewater to be Treated or Disposed ..................................................2 Determine the Characteristics of the Greywater ......................................................................2 Review Applicable Guidelines for Disposal of Greywater ........................................................3 Preliminary Planning Considerations .......................................................................................3 Select a Suitable Option ..........................................................................................................3 TREATMENT OPTIONS .................................................................................................................3 Septic Tank Construction .........................................................................................................4 Septic Tank Filter .....................................................................................................................4 Biofilters ...................................................................................................................................5 Waterloo Synthetic Biofilter .................................................................................................5 Peat Biofilter .......................................................................................................................5 Aerobic System ........................................................................................................................6 Rotating Biological Contactor ..................................................................................................7 FAST System ...........................................................................................................................8 Singulair Bio-Kinetic Treatment System ..................................................................................9 Whitewater Aerobic Treatment System ...................................................................................9 Nibbler Jr. Wastewater Pretreatment System ........................................................................10 Bioclere Wastewater Treatment System ...............................................................................10 BioCycle Wastewater Treatment System .............................................................................. 11 Recirculating Sand Filter .......................................................................................................11 Recirculating Trickling Filter ...................................................................................................14 Alternating Intermittent Recirculating Reactor System ..........................................................14 DISPOSAL OPTIONS ...................................................................................................................15 Primary Treatment Unit with Alternating Trenches .................................................................15 Shallow Trench Low-Pressure Pipe Distribution ....................................................................16 Contour Disposal Field ..........................................................................................................17 Gravel-less Trench and Leaching Chambers ........................................................................19 Pressure Dosed Distribution ..................................................................................................19 Artificially Drained System .....................................................................................................19 Oversized Distribution Area ...................................................................................................21 Electroosmosis System .........................................................................................................21 Septic Tank Effluent Pumping System ...................................................................................21 Other Disposal Systems ........................................................................................................22 Gravity/Gravel Bed Disposal System ................................................................................23 Artificial Leaching Chamber ..............................................................................................23 iii Low Pressure Piping System ............................................................................................ 24 Seepage Mound Disposal Method .................................................................................... 24 Sprinkler Disposal System ................................................................................................ 25 Emitter Systems ................................................................................................................25 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................ 25 RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................................................26 APPENDIX .................................................................................................................................. A-1 Glossary............................................................................................................................... A-1 References .......................................................................................................................... A-3 Suggested Reading ............................................................................................................. A-5 Other Sources of Information ............................................................................................... A-5 iv PREFACE The designer must realize the importance of This publication is intended to be used in including maintenance personnel in the preliminary conjunction with the Planning Guide for On-Site processes to ensure consideration is given to the Greywater Disposal Systems for Recreational and installation, maintenance, and operation of the Administrative Sites Publication No. 9523 1201 - system once it is in place. SDTDC April 1995. The two main reasons for presenting new methods As a result of new treatment and disposal methods of wastewater disposal are diminishing supplies developed since the first guide was published, it of good water and rapidly escalating costs of was decided that a second publication detailing treating both potable and/or wastewater. alternative methods was needed. Secondary reasons for disposing of greywater separately include extending the life of the existing wastewater system and rehabilitating an existing The information and data contained in this wastewater system that has already failed because publication are based on actual field experience, of overuse. research, and literature. All the information and technology used in the selection, installation, and operation of a sewage treatment system
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