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Henry M. Flagler-Railroad Builder Florida Historical Quarterly Volume 38 Issue 3 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol 38, Article 1 Issue 3 1959 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 38, Issue 3 Florida Historical Society [email protected] Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Florida Historical Quarterly by an authorized editor of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Society, Florida Historical (1959) "Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 38, Issue 3," Florida Historical Quarterly: Vol. 38 : Iss. 3 , Article 1. Available at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol38/iss3/1 Society: Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 38, Issue 3 HENRY M. FLAGLER - RAILROAD BUILDER * by CARLTON J. CORLISS NE CANNOT VISIT this storied city of Saint Augustine with- O out recalling its long and romantic past under the flags of Spain and France and England and its exciting territorial years under the American flag. We are told that only a short distance from where we are meeting, the Spanish adventurer, Ponce de Leon, first landed on American soil - in 1513 - in search of the “Fountain of Per- petual Youth.” Ponce de Leon did not find the “Fountain of Youth” but he did find an enduring place in American history. Three hundred and seventy years later, there came to Florida and to Saint Augustine another man-truly a man of courage, who loved adventure as much, perhaps, as the renowned Spanish conquistador. The real-life story of this man, Henry M. Flagler, who, start- ing as a five-dollar-a-month store boy, became one of the nation’s foremost captains of industry, surpasses in human interest any success story from the imaginative pen of Horatio Alger. Flagler came here at the age of fifty-three. He came, perhaps, as Edwin Lefevre once wrote, “seeking the precious gold of the sunlight, or the turquoise sky; or, perhaps, merely a comfortable rocking chair on a hotel veranda. But he found here what his Spanish brother missed. It did not gush from a fountain, but blossomed on de tree of his life’s philosophy, which later bore marvelous fruit. He found his Second Youth.” And, like Ponce de Leon, he found a permanent place in American history. And Lefevre, writing nearly fifty years ago, while Mr. Flagler was living, said prophetically: “What he has done you may see for yourself, and the children of your children will see still more clearly. The tramp of the marching years will not grind to dust his work, but make it the more solid-like the concrete of his viaducts and his buildings, which will grow harder, more like * An address delivered at St. Augustine, Florida, February 23, 1959 at the unveiling of a tablet erected by the National Railway Historical Society, commemorating the role of Henry M. Flagler as a railroad builder. Published by STARS, 1959 1 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 38 [1959], Iss. 3, Art. 1 196 FLORIDA HISTORICAL QUARTERLY stone, with age. In no other place, in no other way, by no other man, could the work have been done.” Ours would be a small nation today if it had not produced a goodly quota of bold and imaginative leaders - men of vision, men of courage. They dreamed great dreams, and then-under our system of free enterprise-they proceeded to transform those dreams into realities, ofttimes in the face of the most formidable obstacles. James J. Hill, C. P. Huntington, E. H. Harriman and other men who girded the continent with pathways of steel were aided in their projects by funds supplied by large groups of investors- stockholders and bondholders. Some had the benefit also of government aid. But Henry M. Flagler was unique among the great railroad builders. He was a “one-man corporation.” Out of his own pocket he financed the construction of the Florida East Coast Railway and many of his other enterprises. He was the only man in American history who initiated and carried to completion such an extensive development program out of his own personal fortune. He was probably the only man in American history who ventured upon such stupendous undertakings late in life. He was in his seventy-fourth year when he decided to extend his railroad to Key West. He was eighty-two when the railroad was com- pleted to that city. He was the only man in American history-and probably in the world-who included in his development program so wide a range of activities. In addition to his railroad and his chain of hotels, Mr. Flagler operated steamboats, steamship lines, port terminals, ocean-going ferries, electric-light and power plants, and water works. He organized land companies. He promoted com- munity development. He built streets and roads, churches, schools and hospitals. And when he couldn’t induce the Govern- ment to dredge Biscayne Bay to enable him to operate steamships between Miami and Nassau, he did what no other individual in American history ever did anywhere before - he had the channel dredged at his own expense. It is an interesting fact that Henry M. Flagler was born in the same year that public railway transportation was introduced https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol38/iss3/1 2 Society: Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 38, Issue 3 HENRY M. FLAGLER - RAILROAD BUILDER 197 in America. His life-span coincides almost exactly with the peri- od of railway expansion in this country. The date of his birth was January 2, 1830. At that time there was not a mile of rail- road anywhere on the North American Continent providing pub- lic transportation service. Four months after he was born, the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad began carrying passengers and freight in cars drawn by horses on a track extending a few miles out of Baltimore. He was less than a year old when the first successful steam locomotive in America, the “Best Friend of Charleston,” was placed in regular daily service a few miles out of Charleston, S. C., over what is now the Southern Railway. He lived to see the nation covered with a network of more than 250,000 miles of railroad lines. Mr. Flagler’s first visit to Saint Augustine was in 1883. The narrow lanes, balconied houses and crumbling gates of this quaint little Spanish town, its profusion of magnolias, palms and olean- ders, and its warm sunshine, appealed strongly to him. He want- ed to share its exotic charm with others. But he was anything but pleased with its hotel and railway accommodations. One day he confided to a friend that he was going to build a hotel. He invited the friend to go in with him, but the man wasn’t interested. So Mr. Flagler went it alone. He purchased several acres of land, including an orange grove. He engaged two young architects and sent them to Spain to study the architecture of that country. On their return, plans for his hotel began to take shape. Ground was broken in 1885, and when the Ponce de Leon Hotel was opened in January, 1888, it surpassed in architectural beauty and luxuriousness any hotel in the South if not in the country. Its only rival in the South was the new Tam- pa Bay Hotel on the west coast of Florida built by his friend, Henry Bradley Plant, who was extending railroads into that part of the state. There is a story that Mr. Flagler telegraphed his friend Plant an invitation to the opening of the Ponce de Leon. Plant, with tongue in cheek, wired back, “Thanks, Henry, for the invitation, but where is Saint Augustine?” Mr. Flagler wired back: “Just follow the crowd.” While the Ponce de Leon was under construction, Mr. Flag- ler began building another palatial hotel in St. Augustine, the Published by STARS, 1959 3 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 38 [1959], Iss. 3, Art. 1 198 FLORIDA HISTORICAL QUARTERLY Alcazar; then he purchased still another hotel, the Cordova, which became an annex to the Alcazar. At that time, the only direct rail link with Jacksonville and the North was a poorly-equipped and poorly-operated narrow- gauge line, the 36-mile Jacksonville, St. Augustine and Halifax, which ran from a joint just outside Saint Augustine to the south bank of the St. Johns River, opposite Jacksonville. In 1888, trains carrying through Pullman cars were run for the first time between New York and Jacksonville. But to get from the rail- road depot in Jacksonville to Saint Augustine, the traveler had to take a cab to the point where the ferry crossed the river, transfer to the ferry, then transfer from the ferry to the train, and after 3 a 1 /4 hour ride on the narrow-gauge road, complete the trip into Saint Augustine by cab. Mr. Flagler wanted it to be possible for his guests to board Pullman cars in Jersey City and step off in Saint Augustine. He tried to convince the owners of the narrow-gauge line that it would be to their advantage to make necessary improvements so this could be done. But they shook their heads. They couldn’t see it. Their “No” proved to be a turning point in the life of Mr. Flagler - and in the history of Florida. If they had said “yes,” Mr. Flagler might never have been heard of except as a hotel owner. He then took a momentous step. To accomplish his objec- tive, he purchased control of the little railroad, rebuilt it to stand- ard gauge, extended it to a point near his hotels, spanned the Saint Johns River with a bridge, and by 1890 trains from New York and other Northern cities were running through to Saint Augustine.
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