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Development of a GIS Geodatabase As a Tool for Analyzing Spatial Relationships in the Species Distributions of West Virginia Fishes Nathan D

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Development of a GIS Geodatabase As a Tool for Analyzing Spatial Relationships in the Species Distributions of West Virginia Fishes Nathan D Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar Theses, Dissertations and Capstones 1-1-2003 Development of a GIS Geodatabase as a Tool for Analyzing Spatial Relationships in the Species Distributions of West Virginia Fishes Nathan D. Bowe [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://mds.marshall.edu/etd Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons Recommended Citation Bowe, Nathan D., "Development of a GIS Geodatabase as a Tool for Analyzing Spatial Relationships in the Species Distributions of West Virginia Fishes" (2003). Theses, Dissertations and Capstones. Paper 64. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Marshall Digital Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Marshall Digital Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DEVELOPMENT OF A GIS GEODATABASE AS A TOOL FOR ANALYZING SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS IN THE SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS OF WEST VIRGINIA FISHES Thesis submitted to The Graduate College of Marshall University In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Physical Science: Geobiophysical Modeling by Nathan D. Bowe Dr. Michael L. Little, Committee Chairperson Dr. Ralph E. Oberly, Committee Member Dr. Ralph Taylor, Committee Member Marshall University Huntington, West Virginia December 8, 2003 ABSTRACT Development of a GIS Geodatabase as a Tool for Analyzing Spatial Relationships in the Species Distributions of West Virginia Fishes By Nathan D. Bowe One of the most complete references to date of fish species distribution in West Virginia is a 1995 book entitled “The Fishes of West Virginia” (Stauffer, et al.). In this project, geographic information systems (GIS) and relational database technology have been utilized to adapt that reference into a system where spatially arranged collection site features are related to distribution data through a series of common fields among tables in a geodatabase. The geodatabase is stored in an MDB-formatted database management system (DBMS) which is readable by Microsoft Access and useful in its own right as a means to query distribution data when there is no need for a mapping environment. A search form was built-in to assist in the most common search parameters, and results display in print-formatted reports. Much of the same search potential is achieved by loading the geodatabase into the GIS package ArcGIS®. In addition to traditional query power, the geodatabase houses the shapefile data layers used in mapping and spatial analysis. This system has been applied in a preliminary assessment to examine distribution data versus land use for four small streams under study by Marshall University. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................. iii LIST OF FIGURES....................................................................................................................... v CHAPTER I - Introduction.......................................................................................................... 1 BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................. 1 GIS CAPABILITIES ........................................................................................................................ 2 STUDY AREA ................................................................................................................................ 3 PROBLEM STA TEMENT.................................................................................................................. 6 CHAPTER II – Base Map Methodology...................................................................................... 7 COLLECTION OF DATA LAYERS .................................................................................................... 7 DATA LAYER MANIPULATION ...................................................................................................... 7 Rivers and Streams.................................................................................................................. 8 Watersheds............................................................................................................................ 10 Conversion to Raster............................................................................................................. 10 Collection Sites as a GIS Layer (Vectorization)..................................................................... 13 CHAPTER III – Geodatabase Methodology............................................................................. 15 DATA ENTRY AND TABLE DESIGN .............................................................................................. 15 Fishes Table .......................................................................................................................... 15 Sites Table............................................................................................................................. 16 Collections Table................................................................................................................... 18 CREATING THE GEODATABASE................................................................................................... 19 INCORPORATION TO A TRADITIONAL RELATIONAL DATABASE.................................................... 20 Description of Relationships.................................................................................................. 20 Database Add-ons ................................................................................................................. 21 CHAPTER IV – Geodatabase/GIS Interaction......................................................................... 23 ARCGIS GEODATABASE METHODOLOGY ................................................................................... 23 Joins and Relates................................................................................................................... 23 Procedure.............................................................................................................................. 24 RETRIEVAL OF RECORDS ............................................................................................................ 26 Species by Site....................................................................................................................... 26 All Sites of Specific Species.................................................................................................... 27 Combinational Queries.......................................................................................................... 28 Tabular Export ...................................................................................................................... 29 APPENDING THE COLLECTION DATA........................................................................................... 29 iii CHAPTER V – Distribution and Land Use............................................................................... 32 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................. 32 Agricultural........................................................................................................................... 34 Developed.............................................................................................................................. 35 Mined..................................................................................................................................... 35 Chapter VI – Conclusions ........................................................................................................... 37 SOFTWARE LIMITATIONS............................................................................................................ 37 References .................................................................................................................................... 39 Software Inventory ...................................................................................................................... 40 Appendix A – Southern West Virginia Watersheds.................................................................. 41 Appendix B – Glossary of Terms................................................................................................ 48 Appendix C – Glossary of Spatial Analysis ............................................................................... 51 Appendix D – Metadata.............................................................................................................. 54 Appendix E – Data Tables........................................................................................................... 64 iv LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1: MEADOW RIVER SEGMENTS FROM ESRI DATA & MAPS 2002.......................................... 8 FIGURE 2: MEADOW RIVER SEGMENTS FROM ESRI DATA & MAPS 2003.......................................... 8 FIGURE 3: RASTER COLLECTION SITE MAP GEOREFERENCED TO DIGITAL LAYERS. ........................... 11 FIGURE 4: CLOSEUP OF VECTOR POINT COLLECTION SITES............................................................... 14 FIGURE 5: ARCCATALOG IMPORT DATASET
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