DOCSLIB.ORG

Online Activities of Public Service Media: Remit and fi Nancing Online Activities of Public Service Media

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Special Special Published by the European Audiovisual Observatory Online activities of public service media: remit and fi nancing Online activities of public service media: remit and fi nancing nancing Online activities and fi of public service media: remit This IRIS Special has been prepared by the Institute of European Media Law (EMR) in Saarbrücken and brings together contributions from various authors. It discusses the public service broad- casters’ off erings in the digital environment and focuses on a selection of European countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Sweden and the UK. The countries have been chosen with the intention of providing a set of diff erent approaches, whereas a comparative table enclosed in the Annex allows for a complete picture of the 28 Member States. An introductory overview of requirements to be met at the level of the Council of Europe and the European Union is followed by a comparative legal analysis of the public service broadcasters’ remit for the provision of online media. Following on from this, a comparison of selected Euro- pean funding systems will provide the basis for three detailed country reports that will highlight the impact of the specifi c funding structure on the extent of public service broadcasters’ online activities. The publication will then go on to compare the implementation of the public-value test in selected EU member states and conclude with two observations on the success of the test from the diff erent points of view applying in each case. EUR 59 - ISBN 978-92-871-8142-8 IRIS Special_Covers_2015_CMJN.indd 1 04/08/2015 07:21 Director of publication – Susanne Nikoltchev Executive Director, European Audiovisual Observatory European Audiovisual Editorial supervision – Maja Cappello Observatory Head of Department for legal information, European Audiovisual Observatory Set up in December 1992, the European Audiovisual Observatory’s mission is Editorial team – Francisco Javier Cabrera Blázquez, Maja Cappello, Sophie Valais European Audiovisual Observatory to gather and distribute information on the audiovisual industry in Europe. The Observatory is a European public service body of 40 member states and Authors – Ross Biggam, Association of Commercial Television in Europe (ACT); Anker Brink Lund, the European Union, represented by the European Commission. It operates Copenhagen Business School; Richard Burnley, European Broadcasting Union (EBU/UER); Christian Edelvold Berg, within the legal framework of the Council of Europe and works alongside a Danish Agency for Culture; Gianna Iacino, Institute of European Media Law (EMR); Peter Matzneller, number of partners and professional organisations within the industry and Institute of European Media Law (EMR); Katrin Neukamm, Westdeutscher Rundfunk Köln (WDR); with a network of correspondents. Gábor Polyák, Mertek Media Monitor; Klaus Radke, Westdeutscher Rundfunk Köln (WDR); Sebastian Schweda, Institute of European Media Law (EMR); Ágnes Urbán, Mertek Media Monitor Major activities of the Observatory are Editorial assistant – Olivier Mabilat, European Audiovisual Observatory the publication of a yearbook, newsletters and reports: Marketing – Markus Booms, [email protected], European Audiovisual Observatory http://www.obs.coe.int/publications Press and Public Relations – Alison Hindhaugh, [email protected], European Audiovisual Observatory the provision of information through the Observatory’s Internet: http://www.obs.coe.int Translators / Proof-readers – Christina Angelopoulos, Aurélie Courtinat, Ronan Fahy, Johanna Fell, Michael Finn, Julie Mamou, Stefan Pooth, Erwin Rohwer, Roland Schmid, Marco Polo Traductions, Anne-Lise Weidmann and contributions to conferences: http://www.obs.coe.int/events Publisher European Audiovisual Observatory 76, allée de la Robertsau F-67000 Strasbourg, France Legal Information Services from the Observatory are Tél. : +33 (0)3 90 21 60 00 Fax : +33 (0)3 90 21 60 19 IRIS Newsletter (10 yearly issues) provides a monthly selection of legal E-mail : [email protected] developments across Europe and feeds the Merlin database which now www.obs.coe.int counts more than 8.000 articles from 1995 onwards. Contributing Partner Institution IRIS Special (2 yearly issues) off ers in-depth information and the most Institute of European Media Law (EMR) detailed analysis on major topics, with involvement of experts in a given Franz-Mai-Straße 6 fi eld through the Observatory’s partner institutions. D-66121 Saarbrücken, Germany Tel.: +49 (0) 681 99 275 11 IRIS plus (3 yearly issues) provides information produced in-house on Fax: +49 (0) 681 99 275 12 issues at stake in the future reforms of the relevant European legal frame- E-mail: [email protected] work organised around six standard sections so as to ensure a compre- www.emr-sb.de hensive and readable digest of the regulatory framework at European and Cover layout – P O I N T I L L É S, Hoenheim, France national level. IRIS Merlin the database enables access to over 6.500 articles on laws, Please quote this publication as: Cappello M. (ed.), Online activities of public service media: remit and fi nancing, IRIS Special 2015-1, decisions of courts and administrative authorities and policy documents European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg, 2015 from over 50 countries of relevance to the audiovisual industry. © European Audiovisual Observatory (Council of Europe), Strasbourg, 2015 Opinions expressed in this publication are personal and do not necessarily represent the views of the Observatory, its members or the Council of Europe. European Audiovisual Observatory 76 Allée de la Robertsau – F-67000 Strasbourg – France Tel:+33 (0) 3 90 21 60 00 – Fax: +33 (0) 3 90 21 60 19 www.obs.coe.int – E-mail: [email protected] IRIS Special_Covers_2015_CMJN.indd 2 04/08/2015 07:21 A publication of the European Audiovisual Observatory Online activities of public service media: remit and financing Ross Biggam, Anker Brink Lund, Richard Burnley, Christian Edelvold Berg, Gianna Iacino, Peter Matzneller, Katrin Neukamm, Gábor Polyák, Klaus Radke, Sebastian Schweda, Ágnes Urbán ONLINE ACTIVITIES OF PUBLIC SERVICE MEDIA: REMIT AND FINANCING Foreword When going online, audiovisual media service providers adapt their activities to the expectations of their audiences and, consequently, elaborate new ways of presenting their content. This is true both for commercial and for public service media (PSM). For the latter there are also further aspects to consider, which are specifically related to their remit and to the fact that they are using public money. The financing of PSM is strictly connected to the definition of their remit according to EU state aid rules and to the interpretative indications given by the European Commission as to their application. Nothing new one could say. The topic has already been dealt with by the Observatory in previous publications: the IRIS Plus of 2009 on “The Public Service Remit and the New Media” examined the regulatory framework applicable to the Internet-related activities of public service broadcasters;1 the IRIS Plus of 2010 on “Public Service Media: Money for Content” explored in its Lead Article both European legislation and national developments concerning financial and content-related supervision.2 What is new is the practice that has developed since the adoption of the Communication of the Commission on the application of state aid rules to Public Service Broadcasting in 2009. The introduction of the so-called Public Value Test (PVT) and of the Market Impact Assessments (MIA) has changed the way of defining both the remit and the financing of PSM. It is exactly how these two issues have been accordingly dealt with during the past six years that is at the centre of this publication. This IRIS Special has been prepared by the Institute of European Media Law (EMR) in Saarbrücken and brings together contributions from various authors. It focuses on a selection of European countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Sweden and the UK. The countries have been chosen with the intention of providing a set of different approaches. After an introduction to the European regulatory framework (both of the EU and CoE) applicable to Public Service Media written by Peter Matzneller (EMR), Klaus Radke (WDR) and Sebastian Schweda (EMR) give an overview of the definition of the public service remit and the funding schemes respectively in the selected countries. A special focus is placed on Denmark by Christian Berg (Danish Ministry of Culture), on Germany by Katrin Neukamm (WDR) and on Hungary by Gábor Polyák (Mertek Media Monitor), in order to show concrete examples of public service performances in the online environment. 1 Ridinger M., “The Public Service Remit and the New Media”, IRIS plus, supplement to IRIS, Legal Observations of the European Audiovisual Observatory, Issue 2009-6, Strasbourg, 2009, http://www.obs.coe.int/documents/205595/264587/IRIS+plus+2009en4LA.pdf/3febdb44-89f8-452a-98fc-fa63067e5452. 2 Bron C.M., “Financing and Supervision of Public Service Broadcasting”, in Nikoltchev S. (ed.), “Public Service Media: Money for Content“, IRIS plus 2010 -4, European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg, 2010, http://www.obs.coe.int/documents/205595/264589/IRIS+plus+2010en4LA.pdf/4d531a6e-ad02-4958-aeb3-2c3aabfcd1e4. 1 © 2015, European Audiovisual Observatory, Strasbourg (France) ONLINE ACTIVITIES OF PUBLIC SERVICE
Recommended publications
  • I N H a L T S V E R Z E I C H N

    I N H a L T S V E R Z E I C H N

    SWR BETEILIGUNGSBERICHT 2018 Beteiligungsübersicht 2018 Südwestrundfunk 100% Tochtergesellschaften Beteiligungsgesellschaften ARD/ZDF Beteiligungen SWR Stiftungen 33,33% Schwetzinger SWR Festspiele 49,00% MFG Medien- und Filmgesellschaft 25,00% Verwertungsgesellschaft der Experimentalstudio des SWR e.V. gGmbH, Schwetzingen BaWü mbH, Stuttgart Film- u. Fernsehproduzenten mbH Baden-Baden 45,00% Digital Radio Südwest GmbH 14,60% ARD/ZDF-Medienakademie Stiftung Stuttgart gGmbH, Nürnberg Deutsches Rundfunkarchiv Frankfurt 16,67% Bavaria Film GmbH 11,43% IRT Institut für Rundfunk-Technik Stiftung München GmbH, München Hans-Bausch-Media-Preis 11,11% ARD-Werbung SALES & SERV. GmbH 11,11% Degeto Film GmbH Frankfurt München 0,88% AGF Videoforschung GmbH 8,38% ARTE Deutschland TV GmbH Frankfurt Baden-Baden Mitglied Haus des Dokumentarfilms 5,56% SportA Sportrechte- u. Marketing- Europ. Medienforum Stgt. e. V. agentur GmbH, München Stammkapital der Vereinsbeiträge 0,98% AGF Videoforschung GmbH Frankfurt Finanzverwaltung, Controlling, Steuerung und weitere Dienstleistungen durch die SWR Media Services GmbH SWR Media Services GmbH Stammdaten I. Name III. Rechtsform SWR Media Services GmbH GmbH Sitz Stuttgart IV. Stammkapital in Euro 3.100.000 II. Anschrift V. Unternehmenszweck Standort Stuttgart - die Produktion und der Vertrieb von Rundfunk- Straße Neckarstraße 230 sendungen, die Entwicklung, Produktion und PLZ 70190 Vermarktung von Werbeeinschaltungen, Ort Stuttgart - Onlineverwertungen, Telefon (07 11) 9 29 - 0 - die Beschaffung, Produktion und Verwertung
  • The Rai Studio Di Fonologia (1954–83)

    The Rai Studio Di Fonologia (1954–83)

    ELECTRONIC MUSIC HISTORY THROUGH THE EVERYDAY: THE RAI STUDIO DI FONOLOGIA (1954–83) Joanna Evelyn Helms A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Music. Chapel Hill 2020 Approved by: Andrea F. Bohlman Mark Evan Bonds Tim Carter Mark Katz Lee Weisert © 2020 Joanna Evelyn Helms ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Joanna Evelyn Helms: Electronic Music History through the Everyday: The RAI Studio di Fonologia (1954–83) (Under the direction of Andrea F. Bohlman) My dissertation analyzes cultural production at the Studio di Fonologia (SdF), an electronic music studio operated by Italian state media network Radiotelevisione Italiana (RAI) in Milan from 1955 to 1983. At the SdF, composers produced music and sound effects for radio dramas, television documentaries, stage and film operas, and musical works for concert audiences. Much research on the SdF centers on the art-music outputs of a select group of internationally prestigious Italian composers (namely Luciano Berio, Bruno Maderna, and Luigi Nono), offering limited windows into the social life, technological everyday, and collaborative discourse that characterized the institution during its nearly three decades of continuous operation. This preference reflects a larger trend within postwar electronic music histories to emphasize the production of a core group of intellectuals—mostly art-music composers—at a few key sites such as Paris, Cologne, and New York. Through close archival reading, I reconstruct the social conditions of work in the SdF, as well as ways in which changes in its output over time reflected changes in institutional priorities at RAI.
  • Future for Local and Regional Media

    Future for Local and Regional Media

    House of Commons Culture, Media and Sport Committee Future for local and regional media Fourth Report of Session 2009–10 Volume II Oral and written evidence Ordered by The House of Commons to be printed 24 March 2010 HC 43-II (Incorporating HC 699-i-iv of Session 2008-09) Published on 6 April 2010 by authority of the House of Commons London: The Stationery Office Limited £0.00 The Culture, Media and Sport Committee The Culture, Media and Sport Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to examine the expenditure, administration, and policy of the Department for Culture, Media and Sport and its associated public bodies. Current membership Mr John Whittingdale MP (Conservative, Maldon and East Chelmsford) (Chair) Mr Peter Ainsworth MP (Conservative, East Surrey) Janet Anderson MP (Labour, Rossendale and Darwen) Mr Philip Davies MP (Conservative, Shipley) Paul Farrelly MP (Labour, Newcastle-under-Lyme) Mr Mike Hall MP (Labour, Weaver Vale) Alan Keen MP (Labour, Feltham and Heston) Rosemary McKenna MP (Labour, Cumbernauld, Kilsyth and Kirkintilloch East) Adam Price MP (Plaid Cymru, Carmarthen East and Dinefwr) Mr Adrian Sanders MP (Liberal Democrat, Torbay) Mr Tom Watson MP (Labour, West Bromwich East) The following members were also members of the committee during the inquiry: Mr Nigel Evans MP (Conservative, Ribble Valley) Helen Southworth MP (Labour, Warrington South) Powers The committee is one of the departmental select committees, the powers of which are set out in House of Commons Standing Orders, principally in SO No 152. These are available on the Internet via www.parliament.uk. Publications The Reports and evidence of the Committee are published by The Stationery Office by Order of the House.
  • Replacing Digital Terrestrial Television with Internet Protocol?

    Replacing Digital Terrestrial Television with Internet Protocol?

    This is a repository copy of The short future of public broadcasting: Replacing digital terrestrial television with internet protocol?. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/94851/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Ala-Fossi, M and Lax, S orcid.org/0000-0003-3469-1594 (2016) The short future of public broadcasting: Replacing digital terrestrial television with internet protocol? International Communication Gazette, 78 (4). pp. 365-382. ISSN 1748-0485 https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048516632171 Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ The Short Future of Public Broadcasting: Replacing DTT with IP? Marko Ala-Fossi & Stephen Lax School of Communication, School of Media and Communication Media and Theatre (CMT) University of Leeds 33014 University of Tampere Leeds LS2 9JT Finland UK [email protected] [email protected] Keywords: Public broadcasting, terrestrial television, switch-off, internet protocol, convergence, universal service, data traffic, spectrum scarcity, capacity crunch.
  • Pakistanis, Irish, and the Shaping of Multiethnic West Yorkshire, 1845-1985

    Pakistanis, Irish, and the Shaping of Multiethnic West Yorkshire, 1845-1985

    “Black” Strangers in the White Rose County: Pakistanis, Irish, and the Shaping of Multiethnic West Yorkshire, 1845-1985 An honors thesis for the Department of History Sarah Merritt Mass Tufts University, 2009 Table of Contents Introduction 1 Section One – The Macrocosm and Microcosm of Immigration 9 Section Two – The Dialogue Between “Race” and “Class” 28 Section Three – The Realization of Social and Cultural Difference 47 Section Four – “Multicultural Britain” in Action 69 Conclusion 90 Bibliography 99 ii Introduction Jess Bhamra – the protagonist in the 2002 film Bend It Like Beckham about a Hounslow- born, football-playing Punjabi Sikh girl – is ejected from an important match after shoving an opposing player on the pitch. When her coach, Joe, berates her for this action, Jess retorts with, “She called me a Paki, but I guess you wouldn’t understand what that feels like, would you?” After letting the weight of Jess’s frustration and anger sink in, Joe responds, “Jess, I’m Irish. Of course I understand what that feels like.” This exchange highlights the shared experiences of immigrants from Ireland and those from the Subcontinent in contemporary Britain. Bend It Like Beckham is not the only film to join explicitly these two ethnic groups in the British popular imagination. Two years later, Ken Loach’s Ae Fond Kiss confronted the harsh realities of the possibility of marriage between a man of Pakistani heritage and an Irish woman, using the importance of religion in both cases as a hindrance to their relationship. Ae Fond Kiss recognizes the centrality of Catholicism and Islam to both of these ethnic groups, and in turn how religion defined their identity in the eyes of the British community as a whole.
  • One Man's Personal Campaign to Save the Building – Page 8

    One Man's Personal Campaign to Save the Building – Page 8

    The newspaper for BBC pensioners – with highlights from Ariel online Goodbye TVC One man’s personal campaign to save the building – page 8 April 2013 • Issue 2 bbC expenses regional dance band down television drama memories Page 2 Page 6 Page 7 NEWS • MEMoriES • ClaSSifiEdS • Your lEttErS • obituariES • CroSPEro 02 baCk at thE bbC Pollard Review findings On 22 February, acting director general Tim Davie sent the following email to all staff, in advance of the publication of the Nick Pollard. Pollard Review evidence: hen the Pollard Review was made clearer to ensure all entries meet BBC published back in December, Editorial standards. we said that we would The additional papers we’ve published Club gives tVC a great release all the evidence that today don’t add to Nick Pollard’s findings, send off WNick Pollard provided to us when he they explain the factual basis of how he (where a genuine and identifiable interest of delivered his report. Today we are publishing arrived at them. We’ve already accepted the BBC is at stake). Thank you to all the retired members and all the emails and documents that were the review in full and today’s publication There will inevitably be press interest and ex-staff who joined us for our ‘Goodbye to appended to the report together with the gives us no reason to revisit that decision as you would expect we’re offering support to TVC’ on 9 March. The day started with a transcripts of interviews given to the review. or the actions we are already taking.
  • Select Committee of Tynwald on the Television Licence Fee Report 2010/11

    Select Committee of Tynwald on the Television Licence Fee Report 2010/11

    PP108/11 SELECT COMMITTEE OF TYNWALD ON THE TELEVISION LICENCE FEE REPORT 2010/11 REPORT OF THE SELECT COMMITTEE OF TYNWALD ON THE TELEVISION LICENCE FEE At the sitting of Tynwald Court on 18th November 2009 it was resolved - "That Tynwald appoints a Committee of three Members with powers to take written and oral evidence pursuant to sections 3 and 4 of the Tynwald Proceedings Act 1876, as amended, to investigate the feasibility and impact of withdrawal from or amendment of the agreement under which residents of the Isle of Man pay a television licence fee; and to report." The powers, privileges and immunities relating to the work of a committee of Tynwald are those conferred by sections 3 and 4 of the Tynwald Proceedings Act 1876, sections 1 to 4 of the Privileges of Tynwald (Publications) Act 1973 and sections 2 to 4 of the Tynwald Proceedings Act 1984. Mr G D Cregeen MHK (Malew & Santon) (Chairman) Mr D A Callister MLC Hon P A Gawne MHK (Rushen) Copies of this Report may be obtained from the Tynwald Library, Legislative Buildings, Finch Road, Douglas IM7 3PW (Tel 07624 685520, Fax 01624 685522) or may be consulted at www, ,tynwald.orgim All correspondence with regard to this Report should be addressed to the Clerk of Tynwald, Legislative Buildings, Finch Road, Douglas IMI 3PW TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1 2. The broadcasting landscape in the Isle of Man 4 Historical background 4 Legal framework 5 The requirement to pay the licence fee 5 Whether the licence fee is a UK tax 6 Licence fee collection and enforcement 7 Infrastructure for terrestrial broadcasting 10 Television 10 Radio: limitations of analogue transmission capability and extent of DAB coverage 13 3.
  • Public Media – Pubic Broadcasting System (PBS)

    Public Media – Pubic Broadcasting System (PBS)

    SUPPORTING PUBLIC AND COMMUNITY MEDIA ACTION NEEDED We urge Congress to: Restore public broadcasting funding to the FY 2013 appropriation level of $445 million through the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB). Pass the Community Access Preservation Act (CAP Act) to preserve public, educational, and governmental (PEG) non-commercial cable channels for local communities. OVERVIEW—PUBLIC AND COMMUNITY MEDIA Public media consists of the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), National Public Radio (NPR), and more than 1,000 local public broadcasting stations. Community media is comprised of public, educational, and government (PEG) cable access TV and community radio stations. Both public and community media have a long history of presenting local, regional, and national nonprofit arts programming, a great majority of which is not available on commercial channels. These organizations play a unique role in bringing both classics and contemporary works to the American public. All of these systems exist because of federal funding or legislation. TALKING POINTS— CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING In creating America’s unique public broadcasting system, Congress acknowledged public broadcasting’s role in transmitting arts and culture: “It is in the public interest to encourage the growth and development of public radio and television broadcasting, including the use of such media for instructional, educational, and cultural purposes.” And Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) is the vehicle through which Congress has chosen to promote noncommercial public telecommunications. CPB does not produce or broadcast programs. The vast majority of funding through CPB goes directly to local public broadcast stations in the form of Community Service Grants. The federal portion of the average public station’s revenue is approximately 10–15 percent.
  • ED358828.Pdf

    ED358828.Pdf

    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 358 828 IR 016 108 AUTHOR Thompsen, Philip A. TITLE Public Broadcasting in the New World of Digital Information Services: What's Been Done, What's Being Done, and What Could Be Done. PUB DATE May 92 NOTE 12p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Communication Association (42nd, Miami, FL, May 20-25, 1992). PUB TYPE Viewpoints (Opinion/Position Papers, Essays, etc.) (120) Speeches/Conference Papers (150) EDRS PRICE MFO1 /PCO1 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Broadcast Television; Educational Television; Electronic Mail; *Information Technology; *Mass Media Role; *Public Television; *Radio; Technological Advancement IDENTIFIERS Closed Captioned Television; *Digital Information Services; *Public Broadcasting ABSTRACT This paper explores the progress public broadcasting (originally called "educational television") has made in taking advantage of a relatively new application of tecnnology: digital information services. How public broadcasters have pursued this technology and how it may become an integral part of the future of public broadcasting are reviewed. Three of the more successful digital information services that have been provided by public broadcasters (i.e., closed captioning, electronic bulletin board services, and electronic text) are discussed. The paper then discusses three areas that are currently being pursued: digital radio broadcasting, interactive video data services, and the broadcasting of data over the vertical blanking interval (VBI) of public television stations. A vision for the future of public broadcasting is considered, identifying some of the important opportunities that should be taken advantage of before the rapidly changing technological environment eclipses public broadcasting's chance to define a better future for an electronic society. (Contains 39 references.) (RS) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
  • Can Platforms Cancel Politicians?

    Can Platforms Cancel Politicians?

    MARTIN FERTMANN AND MATTHIAS C. KETTEMANN (EDS.) Can Platforms Cancel Politicians? How States and Platforms Deal with Private Power over Public and Political Actors: an Exploratory Study of 15 Countries GDHRNET WORKING PAPER SERIES #3 | 2021 „All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.“ Art. 1, sentence 1, Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), GDHRNet Working Paper #3 2 EU COST Action – CA19143 – Global Digital Human Rights Can Platforms Cancel Politicians? How States and Platforms Deal with Private Power over Public and Political Actors: an Exploratory Study of 15 Countries edited by Martin Fertmann and Matthias C. Kettemann (LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE FOR MEDIA RESEARCH | HANS-BREDOW-INSTITUT, HAMBURG, GERMANY) Cite as: Martin Fertmann and Matthias C. Kettemann (eds.), Can Platforms Cancel Politicians? How States and Platforms Deal with Private Power over Political Actors: an Exploratory Study of 15 Countries (Hamburg: Verlag Hans- Bredow-Institut, 2021) This is GDHRNet Working Paper #3 in a series of publications in the framework of GDHRNet edited by Mart Susi and Matthias C. Kettemann. GDHRNet is funded as EU COST Action – CA19143 – by the European Union. All working papers can be downloaded from leibniz-hbi.de/GDHRNet and GDHRNet.eu CC BY SA 4.0 Publisher: Leibniz Institut für Medienforschung | Hans-Bredow-Institut (HBI) Rothenbaumchaussee 36, 20148 Hamburg Tel. (+49 40) 45 02 17-0, [email protected], www.leibniz-hbi.de Executive Summary - Terms-of-service based actions against political and state actors as both key subjects and objects of political opinion formation have become a focal point of the ongoing debates over who should set and enforce the rules for speech on online platforms.
  • Press, Radio and Television in the Federal Republic of Germany

    Press, Radio and Television in the Federal Republic of Germany

    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 353 617 CS 508 041 AUTHOR Hellack, Georg TITLE Press, Radio and Television in the Federal Republic of Germany. Sonderdienst Special Topic SO 11-1992. INSTITUTION Inter Nationes, Bonn (West Germany). PUB DATE 92 NOTE 52p.; Translated by Brangwyn Jones. PUB TYPE Reports Evaluative/Feasibility (142) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Developing Nations; Foreign Countries; Freedom of Speech; *Mass Media; *Mass Media Effects; *Mass Media Role; Media Research; Professional Training; Technological Advancement IDENTIFIERS *Germany; Historical Background; Journalists; Market Analysis; Media Government Relationship; Media Ownership; Third World; *West Germany ABSTRACT Citing statistics that show that its citizens are well catered for by the mass media, this paper answers questions concerning the media landscape in the Federal Republic of Germany. The paper discusses: (1) Structure and framework conditions of the German media (a historical review of the mass media since 1945); (2) Press (including its particular reliance on local news and the creation of the world status media group, Bertelsmann AG);(3) News agencies and public relations work (which insure a "never-ending stream" of information);(4) Radio and Television (with emphasis on the Federal Republic's surprisingly large number of radio stations--public, commercial, and "guest");(5) New communication paths and media (especially communication and broadcasting satellites and cable in wideband-channel networks);(6) The profession of journalist (which still relies on on-the-job training rather than university degrees); and (7) Help for the media in the Third World (professional training in Germany of journalists and technical experts from underdeveloped countries appears to be the most appropriate way to promote Third World media).
  • Zwischen Den Rundfunkanstalten Bayerischer Rundfunk Anstalt Des

    Zwischen Den Rundfunkanstalten Bayerischer Rundfunk Anstalt Des

    Zwischen den Rundfunkanstalten Bayerischer Rundfunk Anstalt des öffentlichen Rechts Rundfunkplatz 1 80300 München, Deutsche Welle Anstalt des öffentlichen Rechts Kurt-Schumacher-Straße 3 53113 Bonn, Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk Anstalt des öffentlichen Rechts Kantstraße 71-73 04275 Leipzig, Norddeutscher Rundfunk Anstalt des öffentlichen Rechts Rothenbaumchaussee 132-134 20149 Hamburg, Radio Bremen Anstalt des öffentlichen Rechts Diepenau 10 28195 Bremen, Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg Anstalt des öffentlichen Rechts Masurenallee 8 –14 14057 Berlin, Saarländischer Rundfunk Anstalt des öffentlichen Rechts Funkhaus Halberg 66100 Saarbrücken, Südwestrundfunk Anstalt des öffentlichen Rechts Neckarstraße 230 70190 Stuttgart, Westdeutscher Rundfunk Köln Anstalt des öffentlichen Rechts Appellhofplatz 1 50667 Köln sowie Deutschlandradio Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts Raderberggürtel 40 50968 Köln, - nachfolgend Rundfunkanstalten1 genannt - und ver.di – Vereinte Dienstleistungsgewerkschaft Paula-Thiede-Ufer 10 10179 Berlin, Deutscher Journalisten-Verband e.V. Gewerkschaft der Journalistinnen und Journalisten Schiffbauerdamm 40 10117 Berlin, Deutsche Orchestervereinigung e.V. Littenstraße 10 10179 Berlin - nachfolgend Gewerkschaften genannt - wird folgender Tarifvertrag vereinbart: Änderung des VTV hier nicht abgedruckt (Versorgungstarifvertrag (VTV)/Fach 2.12.2) I. Änderung der Gesamtversorgungen Für die Versorgungsregelungen der Anlage 1 wird folgende Regelung zum Versorgungsausgleich nach dem Versorgungsausgleichsgesetz vereinbart: Versorgungsausgleich