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Národní Hokejová Liga: Období „Původní Šestky“, 1942-1967 Bakalářská Práce

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Národní Hokejová Liga: Období „Původní Šestky“, 1942-1967 Bakalářská Práce Národní hokejová liga: Období „Původní šestky“, 1942-1967 Bakalářská práce Studijní program: B1301 Geografie Studijní obory: Geografie se zaměřením na vzdělávání (dvouoborové) Historie se zaměřením na vzdělávání Autor práce: Pavel Lisý Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Michal Ulvr, Ph.D. Katedra historie Liberec 2020 Zadání bakalářské práce Národní hokejová liga: Období „Původní šestky“, 1942-1967 Jméno a příjmení: Pavel Lisý Osobní číslo: P17000291 Studijní program: B1301 Geografie Studijní obory: Geografie se zaměřením na vzdělávání (dvouoborové) Historie se zaměřením na vzdělávání Zadávající katedra: Katedra historie Akademický rok: 2018/2019 Zásady pro vypracování: Tato bakalářská práce se bude zabývat rozborem National Hockey League v období 1942 – 1967, ve kterém ji tvořily dva kanadské a čtyři americké hokejové kluby. Jejich vývoj bude v této práci podrobně analyzován. Jako zdroj pro bakalářskou práci poslouží především cizojazyčné zdroje ze Spojených států amerických. Cílem bakalářské práce je vytvořit rámec souvislostí a hlavních událostí, které vedly k popularizaci a rozšíření Původní šestky v dalším období. Rozsah grafických prací: Rozsah pracovní zprávy: Forma zpracování práce: tištěná/elektronická Jazyk práce: Čeština Seznam odborné literatury: BASS, Alan: The Great Expansion: The Ultimate Risk That Changed the Nhl Forever [online], Bloomington, iUniverse 2011, ISBN 978-1-4502-8607-7. FREEDMAN, Lew: The Original Six: How the Canadiens, Bruins, Rangers, Blackhawks, Maple Leafs, and Red Wings Laid the Groundwork for Today’s National Hockey League [online], New York, Sports Publishing 2016, ISBN 978-1-61321-952-2. HORNBY, Lance et al.: Toronto and the Maple Leafs: A City and Its Team, Toronto, ECW Press 2017, ISBN 978-1-77041-362-7. LEONETTI, Mike: Hockey’s Original 6: Great Players of the Golden Era, Vancouver, Greystone Books 2011, ISBN 978-1-55365-563-3. MCFARLANE, Brian: Best of the Original Six, 2. vyd. Toronto, Key Porter Books 2007, ISBN 978-1-551-68306-5. MCFARLANE, Brian: History of Hockey, Champaign, Sports Publishing 1997, ISBN 1-57167-145-5. WRIGHT, Marshall: The National Hockey League, 1917-1967: A Year-by-Year Statistical History [online], Jefferson, McFarland 2010, ISBN 978-0-7864-4444. ZWEIG, Eric: The Toronto Maple Leafs: The Complete Oral History [online], Toronto, Dundurn 2017, ISBN 978-1-45973-621-4. Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Michal Ulvr, Ph.D. Katedra historie Datum zadání práce: 14. prosince 2018 Předpokládaný termín odevzdání: 14. prosince 2019 L.S. prof. RNDr. Jan Picek, CSc. doc. PhDr. Jaroslav Pažout, Ph.D. děkan vedoucí katedry V Liberci dne 14. prosince 2018 Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že svou bakalářskou práci jsem vypracoval samostatně jako pů- vodní dílo s použitím uvedené literatury a na základě konzultací s vedou- cím mé bakalářské práce a konzultantem. Jsem si vědom toho, že na mou bakalářskou práci se plně vztahuje zákon č. 121/2000 Sb., o právu autorském, zejména § 60 – školní dílo. Beru na vědomí, že Technická univerzita v Liberci nezasahuje do mých au- torských práv užitím mé bakalářské práce pro vnitřní potřebu Technické univerzity v Liberci. Užiji-li bakalářskou práci nebo poskytnu-li licenci k jejímu využití, jsem si vědom povinnosti informovat o této skutečnosti Technickou univerzi- tu v Liberci; v tomto případě má Technická univerzita v Liberci právo ode mne požadovat úhradu nákladů, které vynaložila na vytvoření díla, až do jejich skutečné výše. Současně čestně prohlašuji, že text elektronické podoby práce vložený do IS/STAG se shoduje s textem tištěné podoby práce. Beru na vědomí, že má bakalářská práce bude zveřejněna Technickou uni- verzitou v Liberci v souladu s § 47b zákona č. 111/1998 Sb., o vysokých školách a o změně a doplnění dalších zákonů (zákon o vysokých školách), ve znění pozdějších předpisů. Jsem si vědom následků, které podle zákona o vysokých školách mohou vyplývat z porušení tohoto prohlášení. 20. března 2020 Pavel Lisý Poděkování Tímto bych rád poděkoval všem, kdo mi byli nápomocni při zpracování mé bakalářské práce. Především děkuji vedoucímu mé práce PhDr. Michalu Ulvrovi, PhD. za odborné konzultace, rady a připomínky. Výslovné poděkování patří také mé rodině za všechnu projevenou podporu. Anotace Tato bakalářská práce pojednává o historii šesti hokejových týmů z Kanady a Spojených států amerických, které společně v letech 1942-1967 utvořily v Národní hokejové lize seskupení známé jako Původní šestka. V práci je analyzován vliv světových válek a Velké hospodářské krize na podobu soutěže, její ekonomický vzestup v padesátých a šedesátých letech a následná expanze. Zároveň práce mapuje změny pravidel a hokejové inovace v Severní Americe. Chronologicky je zaznamenána historie vítězů Stanley Cupu v jednotlivých ročnících, slavné týmové generace i důvody vzniků a zániků klubových organizací. Dále jsou popsány spory mezi důležitými hokejovými osobnostmi, v jejichž důsledku byl formát NHL neustále přetvářen. Výsledkem je vznik uceleného přehledu poznatků o Národní hokejové lize s důrazem na týmy Boston Bruins, Detroit Red Wings, Chicago Black Hawks, Montreal Canadiens, New York Rangers a Toronto Maple Leafs. Klíčová slova NHL – lední hokej – Kanada – Spojené státy americké – Původní šestka – Stanley Cup – krize – válka – expanze Annotation This bachelor thesis deals with history of six hockey teams from Canada and United States of America, which together in the years 1942-1967 formed in the National Hockey League grouping known as Original Six. In the thesis is analyzed influence of world wars and the Great Depression on the form of competition, her economic rise in the fifties and sixties and subsequent expansion. At the same time thesis maps changes in rules and hockey inovation in North America. Chronological is recorded Stanley Cup winners history in individual years, famous team generations and the reasons for establishment and dissolution of club organizations. Furthermore are described disputes between important hockey personalities, as a result, the NHL format has been continually reshaped. The result is the creation of a comprehensive overview of knowledge about the National Hockey League with an emphasis on teams Boston Bruins, Detroit Red Wings, Chicago Black Hawks, Montreal Canadiens, New York Rangers and Toronto Maple Leafs. Key words NHL – ice hockey – Canada – United States of America – Original Six – Stanley Cup – crisis – war – expansion 2 Obsah Úvod ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Kritika literatury a pramenů ....................................................................................................... 6 1. Počátky ledního hokeje v Severní Americe ........................................................................... 9 2. Zrod Národní hokejové ligy ................................................................................................. 15 3. Doba rozmachu .................................................................................................................... 18 4. Třicátá léta a následky Velké hospodářské krize ................................................................. 25 5. Válka a nová hokejová éra ................................................................................................... 29 6. Vítězná generace Montrealu Canadiens a příchod sporů ..................................................... 36 7. Příchod expanze ................................................................................................................... 40 Závěr ......................................................................................................................................... 44 Seznam pramenů a literatury .................................................................................................... 47 Obrazové přílohy ...................................................................................................................... 58 3 Úvod Téma bakalářské práce jsem si vybral z důvodu svého zájmu o hokej a sportovní historii jako takovou. Zároveň si myslím, že propojení sportovního vývoje s historickým kontextem může obohatit naše znalosti ze zcela nového úhlu. Národní hokejová liga (NHL) je v současnosti jednou ze čtyř hlavních sportovních lig v Severní Americe. Jaká ale byla její raná historie, která vyústila v seskupení šesti klubů mezi lety 1942-1967, dnes známých jako Původní šestka? Vývoj soutěže ovlivňovalo dění jak v Kanadě a Spojených státech amerických, tak i celosvětová hospodářská krize a světové války, jenž měly na podobu soutěže významný dopad. Přesah těchto událostí do severoamerického hokejového světa je v práci podrobně zaznamenán a podroben analýze. Nedílnou součástí této práce jsou také sportovní úspěchy a nezdary jednotlivých klubů, které daly příležitost vzniknout mnoha slavným příběhům a osobnostem. Cílem bakalářské práce je tedy vznik uceleného přehledu poznatků o historii Národní hokejové ligy s důrazem na organizace Původní šestky. Hokejové počátky na konci 19. století v Kanadě, včetně prvního zdokumentovaného zápasu a turnaje, jsou ve stručnosti nastíněny v první kapitole. Ta je rovněž věnována změnám v systému hry a hlavně prvním pokusům o vytvoření profesionální hokejové ligy v Severní Americe s různými úrovněmi úspěchu. Pozornosti se dostává nejúspěšnějším klubům na začátku 20. století a jejich majitelům, jejichž vzájemné spory měly přímý vliv na podobu hokejových lig a následné vytvoření NHL. Příchod první světové války znamenal pro ligu mnohé potíže,
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