Pre-W3C Web and Internet Background W3C • Mark Andreessen and colleagues leave NCSA to • Feb: Tim Berners-Lee form Mosaic Communications meets Michael Dertouzos • 1945: Vannevar Bush article Corp., which later became in Zurich to discuss in Atlantic Monthly describes Netscape. possibility of starting new organization at MIT. • Jan: ERCIM a photo-electrical-mechanical • Traditional dial-up systems device called a Memex, for • Apr: INRIA becomes replaces INRIA as (CompuServe, AOL, Prodigy) • Apr: Alan Kotok, then at W3C Host in Europe. • Jun: In response to W3C Host in Europe. memory extension, which begin to provide Internet DEC, visits CERN to discuss could make and follow links “Peabody meeting” W3C • Jul: W3C charters access. creation of Consortium. • Jun: W3C holds first forms Process ERB. • W3C Creates Technical Architecture • Feb: W3C adopts between documents on Royalty-Free Patent microfiche. • 1 Oct: W3C created. Workshop, on Content • Nov: W3C launches Advisory Board Group (TAG). Rating; leads to PICS. • Sep: Keio University Offices program. (AB). Policy. •1960: J.C.R. Licklider publishes 1994 becomes W3C Host in Asia. “Man-Computer Symbiosis.” •1962: Douglas Englebart • May: Tim Berners-Lee publishes “Augmenting Human publishes version 2 of Intellect: A Conceptual “Information Management: Framework.” A proposal.” •1965: Ted Nelson coins the •End 1990: 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 term “Hypertext” in “A File Development begins for Structure for the Complex, the first browser (called Changing, and the • 1980: While “WorldWideWeb”), editor, Starting year of current W3C Activities Indeterminate.” 20th National consulting for CERN, server, and line-mode 1993 Conference, New York, Tim Berners-Lee browser. Culminates in first Association for Computing writes a program, Web client-server • Graphics • Math • Document Object Model (DOM) •Internationalization • Voice Browser • URI • Device Independence • Multimodal Interaction • XForms • Compound Machinery. “Enquire-Within- communication over • Jan: Number of Document Upon-Everything”, browsers increases; • Hypertext Markup • Extensible Markup • Patent Policy • Semantic Web • Web Services Formats Internet in December 1990. Language (HTML) Language (XML) •1968: Douglas Englebart which allows links to includes Midas, Erwise, • Privacy • XML Key Management demonstrates Online System be made betwen Viola, and Samba. • Style (NLS). arbitrary nodes. 1990 • Synchronized Multimedia • Quality Assurance • Mar: NCSA releases 1991 first alpha version of • Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) pre1979 pre1989 Mosaic for X Windows. • Dec: Hypertext ‘91 • Apr: CERN agrees to Conference in San allow anyone to use Antonio, Texas (USA). Web protocol and code Tim Berners-Lee paper royalty free. on Web only accepted as poster session. • Jun: Dale Dougherty of • Dec: First Web O’Reilly hosts WWW Wizards Workshop in •1969: Advanced Research • 1984: Paul Mockapetris 1989 server outside of Projects Agency commissions introduces Domain Cambridge, • Mar: Tim Berners- Europe set up at Massachusetts, USA. ARPANET to conduct research Name System (DNS). Stanford University. on networking. Lee circulates • Nov: At a Newcastle, “Information U.K. conference, Tim •1971: Ray Tomlinson of BBN Management: A creates email program to send Berners-Lee discusses Proposal” for the future of the Web messages across a distributed comments at CERN. network. with MIT's David Gifford, who suggests •1972: Tomlinson expands that Tim contact program to ARPANET users, Michael Dertouzos. using the “@” sign as part of the Web conference address. •1974: Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn Geneva (Jun) Darmstadt (Apr) Paris. Largest conference Santa Clara Brisbane Toronto Amsterdam Hong Kong Honolulu Budapest New York publish, “A Protocol for Packet Chicago (Oct) Boston (Dec) to date. Network Interconnection”, which specifies in detail the design of a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Web servers •1978: Part of TCP published seperately as the Internet Protocol (IP). 1 10 50 623 10,022 100,000 603,367 ~1.6 million ~3.7 million ~9.5 million ~26 million ~36 million ~35 million ~46+