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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL CENTER

OFFICE NOTE 286

MARINE PRODUCT USER'S MANUAL

ANNIE L. BELL

JUNE 1984

THIS IS AN UNREVIEWED MANUSCRIPT, PRIMARILY INTENDED FOR INFORMAL EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION AMONG NMC STAFF MEMBERS. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Special thanks are extended to the Marine Products Branch of the

National Weather Service (NWS), National Environmental Satellite, Data, and

Information Service (NESDIS), NAVY/NOAA Joint Center for their advice and contributions. Thanks to Mary Chapman for typing the manuscripts.

ii CONTENTS

Acknowledgements...... ii .

List of Products ...... * . . . . . iv

* . . . . . v

Abstract ...... * . * * * . 1

Introduction ...... * * . * . . 1

Explanation of Products...... 2

. . * * .9 Table of Dissemination ...... *

Availability and Operation of the Automatic Telecopier , * 0 0 10

Appendix...Example of Available Products...... 16 References...... 55

.iii I. List of Available Products

A. Global Surface Temperature (SST) Analyses

1.

2.

3. Tropical

4. Semi-Monthly Anomaly

5. Seasonal Anomaly

B. Regional SST Analyses

1. NW Atlantic

2. Gulf of

3. Gulf of

4. Northeast Pacific

C. Feature Analyses

1l. Oceanographic Analyses

a. NW Atlantic (Northeast U.S. coast)

b. NW Atlantic/ (Southeast and South U.S. coast)

D. Bathythermograph (BT) Temperature Analyses

1. Experimental BT SST (Northeast Pacific)

2. Experimental BT 100 meters (m) Temperature (Northeast Pacific)

E. NAVY/NOAA Joint Ice Center Analyses

1. Eastern

2. Western Arctic

3.

4. -

5. Great Ice and Surface Temperature

F. Oceanographic Monthly Summary

G. Ocean Wave Measurements

1. Wave Spectra Measured by NOAA Data Buoy Center (NDBC) and National

Ocean Service (NOS) Buoys. iv z IE j t

w, FIGURES

GLOBAL SST ANALYSES

Northern Hemisphere (Figure 1)...... 16 . .' . . .

Southern Hemisphere (Figure 2). * . . . .:* . . . ;...... 17

Tropical (Figure 3) ...... 18

Semi-Monthly Anomaly (Figure 4) . 19 SeasonalAnomaly (Figure 5).. Seasonal-IAnomaly(Figure 5), .. . 20

REGIONAL SST ANALYSES

NW Atlantic (Figure 6)...... 21

Gulf of Mexico (Figure 7) ...... 1 J. l . 1 . . . 22

Gulf of Alaska (Figure 8) ...... 23

Northeast Pacific (Figure 9). . . 24

OCEAN FEATURE ANALYSES

NW Atlantic (Northeast U.S. coast) (Figure 10) ...... 25

NW Atlantic/Gulf of Mexico (Southeast and South U.S. coast) (Figure 11) 26

BATHYTHERMOGRAPH TEMPERATURE ANALYSES

Experimental BT SST Analysis (Northeast Pacific) (Figure 12) . . . . . 27

Experimental BT lOOm Temperature Analysis (Northeast Pacific)(Figure 13)28

NAVY-NOAA JOINT ICE CENTER ANALYSES

Eastern Arctic (Figure 14) ...... 29

Western Arctic (Figure 15) ...... 30

Antarctic (Figure 16) ...... 31

V Bering Sea - Chukchi Sea (Figure 17) ...... 32

Great Lakes Ice and Surface Water Temperature (Figure 18) ...... 33

OCEANOGRAPHIC MONTHLY SUMMARY PUBLICATION

Eastern SST - Monthly Mean in-situ Data (Figure 19) . .. 34

Eastern Pacific Ocean SST - Monthly Anomaly in-situ Data (Figure 20) . 35

Eastern Pacific Ocean SST - Monthly Mean Satellite Data (Figure 21) .. 36

Atlantic Ocean SST - Monthly Mean in-situ Data (Figure 22) ...... 37

Atlantic Ocean SST - Monthly Anomaly in-situ Data (Figure,23) . . . .. 38

Atlantic Ocean SST - Monthly Mean Satellite Data (Figure 24). . . . . 39

Bering Sea/North Slope Ice with text (Figure 25) ...... 40

West Coast Ocean Features, with text (Figure 26)...... 41

West Coast SST - Monthly Mean of Blended Data (Figure 27) ...... 42

West Coast SST - Monthly Anomaly of Blended Data (Figure 28) . .. . . 43

East Coast Ocean Features,'with text (Figure 29) ...... 44

Gulf of Mexico SST - Monthly Mean of Blended Data (Figure 30) . . . . . 45

NW Atlantic Ocean SST - Monthly Mean of Blended Data (Figure 31) . .. 46

Gulf of Mexico SST - Monthly Anomaly of Blended Data (Figure 32). . . . 47

NW Atlantic Ocean SST - Monthly Anomaly of Blended Data (Figure 33) . . 48

OCEAN WAVES MEASUREMENTS

Wave Spectra Measured by NDBC and NOS Buoys (Figure 34) ...... 49

vi MARINE PRODUCT USER'S MANUAL

Annie L. Bell Marine Products Branch Washington, D.C.

ABSTRACT: The Marine Product User's Manual has been written to provide

brief descriptions and examples of the various marine products

available from the Marine Products Branch at NMC. These products

are distributed by mail, automatic telecopier, and facsimile.

This manual represents the status of products developed by the

Branch Staff over the past 7 years, as of April 1984.

INTRODUCTION:

The functions of the Marine Products Branch are to develop and improve

oceanographic and marine analyses and forecasts for the marine community.

The Marine Product User's Manual of the National Weather Service (NWS)

provides information on our products and services. These products are avail-

able by mail, automatic telecopier, and facsimile. They are used by reseach-

ers, private citizens, government agencies, fishermen, etc.

Analyses are prepared by both objective and subjective methods. Object-

ive analysis methods use electronic computers which quickly transform a

large set of irregularly spaced data into a set of regularly spaced data

points. Hand drawn, subjective, analyses draw upon the experience of the

analyst to interpret the validity of the data and occasionally to fill in

data void areas. Analyses are disseminated in the form of contour charts

generally in Mercator or polar stereographic projections.

1 EXPLANATION OF PRODUCTS

A. Global Sea Surface Temperature Analysis Charts are generated using

objective techniques described by Gemmill and Larson (1979). The analyses

are performed on alternate days for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres on

a 129x129 polar stereographic grid (mesh length of 381 km at 60° (N/S)).

The analysis technique is a "blend" of SST data from surface ship reports,

fixed and drifting buoys, BT reports, and satellite derived SST data.

1. The Northern Hemisphere Analysis Chart (initiated in August 1978,

fig. 1) is a 2-day composite of surface ship reports, fixed and drifting

buoys, BT, and satellite (SAT) data. The polar stereographic chart covers

the Northern Hemisphere to 10°N.

2. The Southern Hemisphere Analysis Chart (initiated in October 1978,

fig.. 2) is a 2-day composite of surface ship reports, fixed and drifting

buoys, BT, and SAT data. The polar stereographic chart covers the Southern

Hemisphere to 10,S..

3. The Tropical SST Analysis Chart (initiated in January 1979, fig. 3)

is a 2-day composite of surface ship reports, fixed and drifting buoys, BT and

SAT data. The Mercator chart covers the globe from 50°N to 50°S.

4. The Semi-Monthly Anomaly Chart (initiated in October 1979, fig. 4)

is a 15-day composite analysis. It is available on the first and 16th of each month using the Robinson-Bauer climatology. The area covered and the projection

are the same as the Tropical SST Chart (3).

5. The Seasonal SST Anomaly Chart (initiated in September 1979, fig. 5)

is a composite analysis of 3 months of data. The climatology used for this chart

is the Robinson-Bauer Climatology (1976, 1979). The area of coverage and the

projection are the same as the Tropical;SST Chart (3).

2 B. Regional SST Analysis Charts are generated by objective methods on a polar stereographic grid (about 24km at 60°N) using an objective analysis procedure. All but the Northeast Pacific analysis are contoured on polar stereographic charts. These analyses are 5-day composites of SST data from ship reports, fixed and drifting'buoys, BTs, and satellite derived SST data.

The analysis technique is described by Gemmill and Larson (1979) and Gemmill and Auer (1982).

1. The NW Atlantic (initiated in February 1977, fig. 6) area covers from 25°-45°N and from 55°W to the east coast of the U.S.

2. The Gulf of Mexico (initiated in February 1978, fig. 7) area of coverage is from 15°N northward and from 80°W westward.

3. The SST area of coverage (fig. 8) is from 40°-60°N and from the west coast to 160°W.

4. The Northeast Pacific SST (fig. 9) coverage extends from 20°-60°N and from the coast to 155°W on a mercator projection.

C. Ocean Feature Analyses

1. The Oceanographic Analyses are detailed and subjective, depicting positions of thermal fronts such as the Gulf Stream (G.S.), Loop Current

(L.C.), and eddies. See Gemmill and Auer (1982) for details. The analysis is derived from infrared (IR) satellite data. Numbers on the chart represent

SST. Arrows on warm and cold eddies indicate direction of circulation.

Warm-core or anticyclonic eddies rotate clockwise and cold-core or cyclonic eddies rotate counter-clockwise. tend to school along thermal fronts and the IR sensors aboard the NOAA 7 and 8 satellites are able to differentiate those fronts. Analyses are plotted on a Mercator chart.

3 a. NW Atlantic Ocean Feature Analysis (fig. 10) is updated on

Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. The area of coverage is from 35°-50°N and 45°W

to the northeast coast of U.S.

b. NW Atlantic/Gulf of Mexico Ocean Feature Analysis Chart (fig. 11)

is updated on Tuesday and Thursday. The area of coverage is from 20°-35°N and

from 65°W to the Mexican coast.

D. BATHYTHERMOGRAPH TEMPERATURE ANALYSES - The experimental sea surface

and subsurface (lOOm) thermal analyses (initiated in June 1982) use BT data

extracted from the real time Global Telecommunication System (GTS) (See

Gerald Office Note 290). The area of interest is the northeast Pacific

(20°-60°N and 108°-155°W). This was chosen because of its importance

to and ocean going vessels. Both analyses are subjectively drawn

weekly using a 2-week composite of BT data on a Mercator chart.

1. The BT/SST:Analysis (fig. 12) is produced to preserve vertical

consistency between the surface and 10Om BT analyses. The data are contoured

and compared to'the'National Weather Service 5-day composite objective sea

surface temperature analysis, subjective thermal analyses, and the Robinson

climatology.

2. The BT 10Om Subsurface Temperature Analysis (fig. 13) data are

contoured and then compared to the BT/SST analysis, the previous week's 100lm

subsurface temperature analysis, and the Robinson climatology.

E. NAVY-NOAA JOINT ICE CENTER ANALYSES are composites of pictorial data

from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), Global Area Coverage

(GAC) Scanning Multifrequency Microwave Radiometer (SEMR), NOAA-7 and 8 mosaics, aerial ice reconnaissance data, shore station reports, ship reports,

4 and Canadian ice analyses. The charts are produced on a polar azimuthal equi- distant grid.

1. The Eastern Arctic Analysis (fig. 14) depicts Arctic ice limits, the innerpack condition, and 7-day ice limit forecasts within the area bounded by 95°E extending westward to 95°W. This chart also depicts ice conditions on the Great Lakes.

2. The Western Arctic Analysis (fig. 15) depicts the 30-day ice limit and ice concentration forecasts within the area bounded by 95°E extend- ing eastward to 95 0W.

3. The Antarctic Analysis (fig. 16) depicts Antarctic ice limit boundaries, innerpack conditions, and 7-day ice limit forecasts from 30°S to the coast of Antarctica.

4. Bering Sea - Chukchi Sea Chart (fig. 17) is a weekly composite analysis depicting ice conditions in the Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort .

The analyzed parameters are the ice edge, the ice concentration, openings and leads in the ice, and an estimation of ice age and thickness.

5. The Great Lakes Ice and Surface Water Temperature Analysis (fig.

18) is a quantitative, computerized surface temperature analysis of the five Great Lakes. The analysis is produced from AVHRR visual digital data.

It depicts surface temperature contours at 1-20 C intervals for each of the

Great Lakes. When ice is present it is analyzed in the same manner as the high latitude products. The Great Lakes analyses are contoured on a Mercator grid.

F. The Oceanographic Monthly Summary is published jointly by the

NWS and the NESDIS. The Oceanographic Monthly Summmary contains SST analyses

5 on both regional and ocean basin scales for the Atlantic and Pacific .

Two ocean basin SST analyses are presented, one based on in-situ data from

ship weather reports, buoys, and BT reports and another based solely on

satellite data. An ocean basin SST anomaly derived from the in-situ data is

also included (See Reynolds (1982) for details). The regional SST analyses are based on a combination of in-situ and satellite data measurements. The regional

SST anomalies use the Robinson-Bauer Climatology. The Oceanographic Monthly

Summary also contains Alaskan sea ice information and ocean feature information

for contiguous U.S. ocean . All the analyses are produced on mercator

projections except the Bering Sea/North Slope Ice Analysis. It is produced

on an azimuthal equidistant projection. The Pacific SST monthly mean and

anomaly analyses are shown as Eastern and Western Pacific Ocean panels. The

OMS contains the following information.

1. Oceanotes is an article containing news of interest to

OMS readers, such as the introduction of a NW analysis.

2. Pacific Ocean SST Monthly Mean contains ship, BT, and.

buoy data. Fi'g. 19 is an example of the Eastern Pacific

Ocean chart. The Western Pacific Ocean chart area coverage

is from 30°S-70°N and 170° W-100E. ;

3. Pacific Ocean SST Monthly Anomaly.: Fig. 20 represents an

Eastern Pacific Ocean analysis.

The Western Pacific Ocean area of coverage is the same

as (2) above.

4. Pacific Ocean SST Monthly Mean contains only satellite data.

Fig. 21 is an Eastern Pacific Ocean analysis. The Western

Pacific Ocean chart area of coverage is the same as (2) above.

5. Atlantic Ocean SST Monthly Mean contains ship and buoy

data (fig 22). 6 6. Atlantic Ocean SST Monthly Anomaly (fig. 23).

7. Atlantic Ocean SST Monthly Mean contains only satellite

data (fig. 24).

8. Satellite Image of the Month depicts the best satellite

image collected by NESDIS each month in terms of

oceanographic interest.

9. Bering Sea/North Slope Ice Chart, with text (fig. 25).

10. West Coast Ocean Features, with text (fig. 26).

11. West Coast SST Monthly Mean (fig. 27).

12. West Coast SST Monthly Anomaly (fig. 28).

13. East Coast Ocean Features, with text (fig. 29).

14. Gulf of Mexico SST Monthly Mean (fig. 30).

15. NW Atlantic Ocean SST Monthly Mean (fig. 31).

16. Gulf of Mexico SST Monthly Anomaly (fig. 32).

17. NW Atlantic Ocean SST Monthly Anomaly (fig. 33).

18. Subscription Information - Subscription orders for the Oceano-

graphic Monthly Summary should be placed with:

Superintendent of Documents U. S. Government Printing Office Washington, DC 20402

Subscription rates are:

Annual------Domestic $16.00 Foreign $20.00

Single copy----Domestic $ 2.25 Foreign $ 2.85

Checks should be made payable to Superintendent of Docu-

ments. Air mail delivery can be obtained (at additional

cost) by request. G. OCEAN WAVE MOVEMENTS...Wave data are measured byvarious buoys operated by the NOAA Data Buoy Center (NDBC) and the National Ocean Service (NOS).

These data are processed.by the NMC into Spectral Wave data bulletins. The data are then transmitted from NMC via AFOS regional circuits every three hours in tabular form (p. 53). Wave data bulletins are sent on a limited number of teletype circuits as . An onsite application program resident in

AFOS converts the data (fig. 34) from bulletin form to a graphic format.

8 TABLE OF DISSEMINATION

M-X/AIL /A Io FAX (CAR gBEAN) *-AI L oNLY F'QOUENC(ES ?25q.O H 7Z '329.55KHZ. /1835.6KFHZ ,_,,IATOA8CTI ALAS KA FAX DI FAX 40ftOLdLUL /VA FA X /VMPA X O)FFQ I -r C HARTS 11 r)rRf iT T,,AN TjMEEr zE.SLjT AAVF/^AN IZE I I rATIMESL.. | T- I.,i _ ^, ...... EIL. R. _ , ,_- Is _. . II-I I-,E L-+ mg r:,6i 4ffl~)1 ; =r UM7, , -I #P 1-P0/ t - f I k 4L I I /__o,__h _e_____t ei-n _ _2_ _I______- TQe__ jbT2 '.-'T f k.'/4 t _ 6U'h ¶aL t16 58r 1,''54 5/ao 5L. - __ GSo!-kev--r _cifh. SsT SST '-- T*e___ 101615gL~~ _ _~ a ______>

Teopi -c l SST * hur /OD 56 58I Th )a %IOO21 2 135% Tue /oa 1536ls5 556 - - - - AFol' -'Aohtkly- I

,A/W A+I t n-I-i - -_I --- c SS AT ...... - __ ...... --- |---.-- __-- -_/z-3-/-z--- GuIlF o4/A4 ex; co SST ___ _...3_ Wed

.Gu__- c A c saKca, SST -,- SU,l /o'00, o b5e586 SU1 Ioolf4zl23(, SLn l6o 153 H5' U Sun lo00o/6f57N 7 _ = W~'sed Weda =- = - =-- A~~hths~sf--R~cf>._S-a---Pcl(ch_. SSTST ______| 2 /6O+AaI 586 'f+ 6216218 5% io 153 HS85g, l -C6I_ LL _ _101 _ S 10 - - - - 1- - -

.. ~., I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Ol;:1, X ,/s'6s'97 t2loo2ls? I 9

W-Aff~~n4I C------f -- - a--aa ------I

I TA,1s, Arayss ~enh Sat Cxa2013 6IZ rI5 ; i62325q¢5 Sq G¢i01.. . F 5.

-______r ______- - -

VJP-s~te~--v Av-c4.r-[: ___ _'--

A n + ______- _- - -a a -

e SngSSB e-pCkc h1 t _h lcb Srt _q 140r 2IvN-152 .....- - _ I=- "~'- - = a - - = =r WedIAr\1IIAd""C I /,_ L ,Pdl,A _I/ P I cat-eqtLaKes lce i-l^l,,4dn-erTeo,-A !A11 I I I Wedv I oil'4fIN 1H4'T77I I .IAAIInI IJ-1 I I4q7 I ~L 1 ALI I I I I II ______~-z - . ....I. _c...... 1.__.. . 1 7- . J. =, G, t·

NOTE: Only Individuals with Facsimile Equipment are able to get these Charts when Transmitted.

*TRAN: TRANSMISSION

9 AVAILABILITY AND OPERATION OF AUTOMATIC TELECOPIER

Oceanographic analyses are available on automatic telecopier at the following telephone numbers: 301-899-1139 commerical or 202-899-1139 FTS and 301-763-8333 commercial or 763-8333 FTS during specified time periods.

The Weekly schedule of times and the charts to be transmitted on the telecopier number 301-899-1139 or 202-899-1139 are the following:

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

1:00-4:00pm l:00-4:00pm 1:00-4:00pm 1:00-4:00pm - 1:00-4:00

Previous Monday's No chart. Wednesday's No chart. Friday's expanded Reserved expanded Reserved expanded Northwest for future .Northwest for future Northwest Atlantic products Atlantic products Atlantic Chart Chart Chart

4pm-8:30am 4pm-8:30am 4pm-8:30am 4pm-8:30am 4pm-8:30am

Enlarged Enlarged Enlarged Enlarged Enlarged Expanded Expanded Expanded Expanded Expanded Northwest Northwest Northwest Northwest Northwest Atlantic Atlantic Atlantic Atlantic Atlantic Chart Chart Chart Chart Chart (67°-76°W) (60°-67°W) (67°-76°W) (60°-67°W) (67°-76°W)

10 The weekly schedule of times and the rts to be tranmitted on the telecopier number 301-763-8333 are the following: -

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

9:3 0-11:3 0am 9:30-11:30am 9:3 0-11:3 0am 9 :3 0-11:3 0am 9:30-11:30am

Previous - Monday's Tuedsay's Wednesday's Thurday's Friday's expanded expanded- expanded expanded expanded Northwest Southwest Northwest Southwest Northwest -AtlaAtlanAtlantic ' Atlantic Atlantic Atlantic Chart Chart Chart Chart Chart

5-7 pm 5-7 pm 5-7 pm 5-7 pm

Northwest Southwest Northwest Southwest Northwest Atlantic Atlantic & Atlantic Atlantic & Atlantic Chart Gulf of Chart Gulf of Chart Mexico Mexico Chart Chart

If you are not familiar with automatic telecopy procedures, you can obtain the charts by doing the following:

(1) Set your telecopy machine on 6 minutes, not 4 minutes. (2) Set your telecopy machine on receive, not send. (3) Dial 301-899-1139 or 301-763-8333 (commercial) & 202-899-1139 or 301-763-8333 (FTS). (4) When the tone sounds, place your telephone receiver into the machine. (5) If our number is busy, keep calling. (6) If you have any questions about the Oceanographic Analysis contact Jenifer Wartha-Clark at 301-763-8239. (7) If you have questions regarding the Sea Surface Thermal Analysis contact Reggie Lawrence at 301-763-8444.

If you have any comments, requests, or suggestions please contact Jenifer Wartha-Clark at 301-763-8239 or Ann Bell at 301-763-8133.

11 Enclosure 1. Examples of charts telecopied on Monday's, Wednesday's, & Friday's 4pm-8:30am local time at 301-899-1139 or 202-899-1139. The second chart is telecopied the same days 5-7pm local time at 301-763-8333. .... --..

' SD I I I V I 0 Ii / *. _ 1 I . - - OCEANOGRAPHICANALYSIS 5. 4 DATE 2S I'9 -v G ' ./ S S - NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE - _ I / - NATIONAL SATELLITE SERVICE /) 2. I *5.5 6 D127N98 #87 ANALYST:t9. : . to . _ Q. SYMBOELLEGEND -E · TI 2 C.pE: /' CS GULF STREEA L LAdA ' 'S WE WARDEDdr HY - rOPICO,o 'S - --- 0. * CE COLE EDDY. A -EAfaAD C. I ir . . .x \ . Sh' SHELF WATER BD -BIC |/ SI. SLOPEWATER H * oCbon I_ 67 ao "5- 0* SAR SARGASSOWATER W .Whlg n * 'SN C FRONTALLOCATION Io-3 days Ild) WE .WaNn r;m)ny _ FORTAL LOCATION(47 days oid) 7- - FRONTALLOATITON (estlted) to. ,';'6/M _ DIRECTIONOF FLU I not xisE) 19 SEASURFACE TENPERATURE I A I SIi I I 'SI 41 T2ERATEL/ i ~ ' I '~ \ Ji T I I ', I I COtNVEK~MG s 61 --' 5( -C *F .*C ' / . . . 4' KS -h 4"> S' I 25 - no.0 t3 - SS.4 - / I / i _ ~' i -4si0 '% " ' /-- 'rJ-~ .' D-.D2 .T./ ' 10 o | i,- s/2.- .~l IC .W}) 9 Z1 I / / . 1s .....'k :'5 ? ( -Sk, 117.TSiL6 Is- 410 J E z- t2A ) Mh ti2= 71 I. SO & .. I. I 1y _ c t -g 1j . e ,j :fH. - uq :i-S- .:'h t 3Y T -I' -,- _/L P,7// pf-'" n-o @ I ? \- le·91re ;_- . L -17 I? is I .,, I? Ir§ ''1 ItI 2. 1?4 R*. 9. -v -t - . f . it. I1 L. ; I , _ // I~ r 1,. . . I / t.8. V ,aP. I U ___I______I? I ___ .- -, - . .I . 12 Enclosure 2. Example of expanded chart telecopied on Monday's, Tuesday's, & Thursday's 1-4pm local time at 301-899-1139 or 202-899-1139. The second chart is telecopied the same days 9 :3 0-11:30am local time at 301-763-8333.

!CEANOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS A Hy AnISCanyon 4 \*

OMO~ALEL;ES l VC |l I 3 ooyy ~~~- H *ElockCanyon\HAAlonC.no / NAy oltlveAcy" H -HoasonCa/I . . .SolE.A..on. 5iA4..e~ef W. c J WlminglonaCanyon g g S \>._,

S. ; nnnn I* ffi\

? ' i'.l- ,I, -, .

- . tIri'/= - ,' w, .. .. '- - . 7 *r- I1:,;z~i8.2;/v cy 6O 37* ,s. .I '1,--'\i :':-.I 6 ~~~~~6-14 *3 ~~ I...... / l f1;E _5

.% sk 1-~ -- 5,l~,.-,,--': ·:'-''8. */17 J/-1w)Ih~: - .kP * /~o 0- *,,~'S- ,2 / \19 ,19 o 5 .L tCE~y,. 1, . . Cf , 1, II19i/ I'A ./ S-/(| . I .g _ I V, , ~ L. , I' , ,t . . .

13 Enclosure 3. Example of chart telecopied on Tuesday's and Thurday's 5-7pm local time at 301-763-8333.

TEMPERATURE CONVERS.ONS .. OCEANOGRAPHICANALYSIS SYMBOLLEGEND 'C F c 'F Cape NoOrsN e p h 27 DO.6 - Is 9.0 19I'I DATE 2Y 'ULF STRI'lE 94 Lt Y LC LOOPCURRENT ~5 · 7s. 1~ . 572 J r, I la I NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WE VAR. EODY 25 .77.n 13 554- NATIONAL EARTH SATELLITE SERVICE CE COLo EOOD 2 . 75.2 N2 - T.A - . 2n . n.- NI. - S1.0 tO T, 0127 N98 0587 Sh- s4ELF "ATER 4 SIV SLOPEWATER 22 ?167 10 5LOO CN 4 . ' / .7 194 ANALYST(#4-° W -c"J STC SUSTROPICALCOEVERCESCE 21- RON 5 NO.2 N I? rtO SAR SARASSO VATER 20o-68.o , 6.. %, / L .,*,,' z.~ _/ - FRONTALLOCATION (0-3 days old) .N. R a NO f ' , . >.?N .. , (3*1) 374Z3_?37 FRONTALLOCATION (1-1 days oSd) ,69. . U'N A N . ; / ' , FRONTATLLOCATION (estlt.ed) OIRECTION oF FLOWInot ax s) 19 SEA SURFACETETERRATURE 5'/ I20

N-,/- , v%/, I. / ' ?"/? ; . . . 2/~~~Z ft . ,fl I I I

2T 1. . . . - … ~ .140 - . . . . Lt5- .. - Al~~~~~~~~~~3 . . - I: . . I ~- ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~II //'-, . , - . b.2.>2 21 F 25, %-f~~~~~L _J2 f (I T . 0. . . . . ~5( *5

. v I. Z, . . % ... 'Ry i- -,: ic l ' 1- i fi i i ib,.i I II ' ikA I =~~~~-,:S'.d....' '~-' IN . - I. ?~6 .N J : --3 723 2 0° . . ·.:. ,:".,. , ~:,_:_~,;4, .,2~~-S' . ' _ 2-3 . L*C- I1: ' ' . 3.#---/ 2' --_ ,I,I, I. .,._-26 ' .- .._ > · 26~ 4(I 3TY - 5... . - 21 .-as 2-3 I ·,, ,26. . 2I fl I I I i I ~.(b

LN--- = ,S S- F . 6 . I - v2' I 3 .. 26 . . 26 . s5 _ .c 1 2 6zj -- · · ....~%.) d!.i, 1 , - . -

14 Enclosure 4. Example of expanded chart telecopied on Wednesday's and Friday's 9:30-11:30am local time at 301-763-8333.

15 APPENDIX - Examples of Available Products

GLOBAL SST CHARTS

Figure 1. Northern Hemisphere SST Chart

16 Figure 2. Southern Hemisphere SST Chart

17 0 .

I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~NT

_ _ ~~~~~~~~~~....___ _ ...... _ ...... JIm

Figure 3. Tropical SST Chart

18 .. j-~~~~~~~~~IC 0 :=, - '~~~~~~~~~M: ! E.i- X

Figure 4. Semi-Monthly Anomaly SST Chart

19 0

---- - t -n-.- - :i i - I: _ .SEAONAL SE...UA.LC..T1PRAUREAO1ALIEj 1 Eag*cnwutesl a 4E+ ~.1 +'1 . O- M,4-.* a l-'II .+a1 T +1; o. Se 3I42i1 - l-ttl4' [~4½N\~~~ Isg I- (-'C-', · +I )1 1r_ FI1 l~ = -." F I'+ LS-'' i -.1 _51 ., 1 11,41 " ,- - Is4- I 7§_ 2 N Th±.1 'K' u-I .. .1- _ff44 '^~~ - n &rJ-

·. +.f-- ItI I u,I. !~~~TA~4~t3IlX t_ fJ t *-f I _f-+-r- ;'I %caI+ 1.+ IN1 -- 11 k ~~ ''~ -T -' , -~ Jtk. 42 + . -- i I- - "~1: I 1-I I -I C I",, lt I I- . 14 _, ... U)._.. +-' + *-- ~ , - ---0~4,;~T-0< I + -3XI i)t I. . ) - 41 ' ... 1 I I I I I 1 IJ L^ I f I ___ 1 A Yg I Jl 1 .- A mS' 2 +F +! I.,_+ I ,+ J+o I+ +. - AIY 'i Ž 2 It t4tA 4 Th+7:KXt ~~~~~~~~~~~-:--- . tf-1I- 1- 1 111

Figure 5. Seasonal Anomaly SST Chart

20 REGIONAL SST CHARTS

Figure 6. NW Atlantic SST Chart

21 Figure 7. Gulf of Mexico SST Chart

22 Figure 8. Gulf of Alaska SST Chart

23 A-SURFACETEMPERATURE ANAL APR 1984 --119 APR 1984

2 M! ByWarWneProducts Wi Irench. Xt ;;Y Naotronel MeteortlogICCI center t NtWational Weather Serolte.CCAA iv '4'Wtshlnqton. oC 20z23 Off (telephone:...... 901/763-8133}

Inn F/

,111.7.. I .

.

. .

. .

1. C17

.. . . I 119

~'I I I 1 I I ....

Figure 9. Northeast Pacific SST Chart

24 , ) ~~~-~ 5 - _ _ I I - I ', '~ I- I OCEANOGRAPHICANALYSIS - - \I t I. OATE.2r 5 - '« *'-.. ;1 1, NATIONALWEATHERSERVICE S NATIONALEARTHSATELLITESERVICE .. '"1 0127 N98 S87 M -tROS:: L J i 4 . _ 6 a

SyM1 oLLEGEI D KYI OrSenOW Cayn .~~~- ~~~x'inEED.81~ -. \- --- A/

SDI SLOPE DATtER - \ ; s 7 DDM ICODA O 4ADD£R W .Warnk y) o. .,/ . __ ERDDOTALLOCATiON (03 dir DIO wi)/ .Wnh~CU111m_ _ . C 0 , 0 T ( 0 67 ---- tOCAYIODLrONTAC ~I-? old) a id_¥ N , 't' // . DIDECTIO--_ Dr r o (-1N i 0 1 . ./ ·. .19 SA SUtRACE TNETRAETURE I./- , .^ i TEUi'EFSATiE CONVERSK~lS ~ 1 . + I ; \_- , I i 5 -4- E 'F C .C * F 70,. IC-Nj TT- r0.6= IS-5 ....o0F -'' SdO'-, L' ~',. / / ~ ~ y~- . 3L. - 25 .00.o * 572d ' / r-1, _ I/oI *' . - .-, "',_;, I ' / ,- !,z 9 ;! 5--. . ·.... 'F': ' , . isfr1b~ 5 'N /4 6',,' ,- 6.. t. . . . · _ . -.. . . X ... sh , ./ ./ /9 -/c,../ I , I 16. Iy , .t _Ustx. . t 3Dl. * -S-' 71 /,i -;W,.. / //22/ L.~. i_...~o._s'.o '\, [ 6*',--' 1, - _T , 4 l C1 1I I C7: N,nfl I : /I- 9 [' I 1 I 1 j. _l A l 1ol 7-1 : { rt i-pXu "D4tP/2Nm I - (O J.AES-4:';,' · . -'~-,,~ -~\r * =o 1 18, 2 1 - _z,; v " ' *t7 - * j - ~ . N I? . . - F- *19*:, * - I 2It . . C eo?/ " sl· I1!1.? r ' 1 _ * * 9 * E .IO . .6* .( /Iq / . I I (-I M. "'. [g 'j ' - _t6p

d.i I ,, I '9ff _ "T I I _I

F

_ .OCEA FEATURE CHARTS OCEA7NFEATURE CHARTS _

Figure 10. NW Atlantic SST Chart (Northeast U.S. Coast)

25 ...... - ---...... ----...... - ...... -.. _. -_.-.__ _ .'. i _| a - v v: X * S z r5, "l/ CONVERSIONS 'CE' imOCEANOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS SYVCOLLCENC 3C C° EF /'In I 1 d _ DArE 2y fr' CS Cur C k - 47- 0.6 \ - cc0 coopu6RCC1 2e. e.a 146 . 720 NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE C C :046 25 220 0- SNO NATIONALEARTHSATELLITESERVICE CO Co60 - 20 - 25,2 :2. 50. . . ko . t DI0~~~27N98.~58~7 CS~ CCCr CAro 23 n. iO . 51... 0127NSI: C50 -R/ - - SLOP(Trl 22.- S9C 962. 92 .v f \:,/ '! .19 tz

I~ _0.ACAC ALVRR OCAR dl 20,1 . 62.0 0s464 7 f ~3 ~ 3~ ~. ~~_.. rROUTALLOCAI7ONVR 1°)dl 15 . 2 402 ' ~~~~(3~) * . S.b - L"A; ; *.? - *.41.0 * (.,',~~~ ~ ~ ~ 7f 33 AJ6 .a

' IC. A-, I3- a ,~~~~~0 ~ ' --30-1 1 w tz zz, Z . -1 !.? ~ ~ ~ . la ~'¢, ~A'~ ° ~~~~~~~~~~~%' % C-:: . ~ I2~~. 2jL\.--2V'~~'i/..,. _ Z, gF1S, Z' \ ·J Zs - ' - ... L~ y *z,

_ I I. :s , I I l I -'I I, I~y I l l 1...1

; 0 o . .o 2S. 2--7 o o - 1 -14 1 Z>.- 26 - Z? . 1.236 / .2 I-.11 -!6 . cl.- 7 1,6 ' --6- . 'C * -I - e3 :..3 -I ,A .6 . . ">I - ZIP . I 24 2.f. 6 \ L .E % 2i , I `'4 - . . zz I - 216 1 1 Z/4 I 26 -a).1 26 .ns I __ l__llll f i i ii

Figure 11. NW Atlantic/Gulf of Mexico SST Chart (Southeast and South U.S. Coast)

26 BATHYTHERMOGRAPH TEMPERATURE CHARTS

Figure 12. Experimental BT SST Analysis

27 EXPERIMENTAL 3ATHYTHERMOGRAPH(BT) 100 METERS TEMPERATUREANALYSI MarineProducts Branch, W/NMC21 . NationalMeteorological Center 94 NationalWeather 2Service, NOAA Washington, DC 20233 NOA . (telephone:301/763-8133)

DASHES denote estimatedposition of the Apr'l I - 15, IqT9I . TEMPERATURE CONVERS IONS

C F 'C 27 80.6 15 26. 7.8 14 25 77.0 13 24 75.2 12 23 73.4 I . 22 - 71.6 10 21 . 69.6 9 20 68.0 8 . 19 66.2 7 - i8· 64.4 6 . ~7 62.4 5 -2..6

Figure 13. Experimental BT lOOm Temperature Analysis

28 0

. ., 'I ,DIi/ , /./.

/ 682Q

Figure 14. Eastern Arctic Chart

ll-W 'O~ W r I S-E SOE IS-E

NAVY-NOAA JOINT ICE CENTER CHART!CHART':S Figure 14. Eastern Arctic Chart

29 * 0 e

· ':'-- ~'"' -~~~~ -"---" " '------Y ~~~~~---'~, 7 V

lz.~~~~o

X, WE I

. NO.. JNT ICE CNTER I //- / \ NAVY . ._:'?t-,.,,F m i-e :

LOWE C //~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~U

SulCi SIAOWL

135'

175-E_ 165-E 183170-E 175'71 - 0"W 6§_ O0WW 04501w _ .50°£140'E . L4O'E. . LIWE4E L5OSE 1551155° £ 160SE[60'E LO1E 17OSE ISIS 180, 00501V 100W 1651w 00W 551W

Figure 15. WesternWestern Arctic Chart~Chart

30 Figure 16. Antarctica Chart

31 Figure 17. Bering Sea - Chukehi Sea Chart

- 32 r GREAT LAKES ICE AND SURFACE, WATER TEMPERATURE ANALYSIS JOINT ICE CENTER/ NAVY/NOAA F515-3_7z~ NAVPOLAROCEANCEN, SUITLAND WSFO ANN ARBOR JO APR 8+ ANALYSIS DATE:

N61

I i

I

I

i 9v10/1 ICE CO ICENTRATION

I 9-o1 0 0 Mo13/o 7-9/10 o 1A- 'o" 0 LU ICE - 4-6/10 l.. FREE

ICE THICKNESSES ARE GIVEN IN CENTIMETERS 1'

WATER TEMPERATURES ARE PRESENTEDIN ICE-FREE AREAS IN DEGREESCELSIUS I

Figure 18. Great Lakes Ice and Surface Water Temperature Analysis Chart

33 170W 160U 150W 140W 130W 12OW 110W 100W 90'W 80W 70w 70N 70N

60N 6ON

11 50N 50N 1;

11

2; 400 40N

if

30N 2530N

2; 29 2ON

1ON2' 1N

0

- 10s2~ 2;

17 0 2 16 21 15 30S 11 - / 305 18 1515si 19 9 1 1 7 1 --- 170W 160W 150W 140W 130W 120W 110W 100W 90W 80W 70W Monthly mean sea surface temperature is the :'-" of in-situ data (ships and ~~mean: buoys) " - -; within two-degreequadrangles. Contour line .. ,^"\5 "interval is 1.0°C.

OCEANOGRAPHIC MONTHLY SUMMARY PUBLICATION

Figure 19. Eastern Pacific Ocean (in-situ data) SST - Monthly Mean Chart

34 -I\ :-:

170W 160W 150W 140W 130W 120W 110w 100W 901 :IOW 70W 70N :>_. 1 70N

60N 60N

5ON 50N

40N 40N

301f 30N

20N 20N

1ON 1ON

0

- los los

zos zos

305 30S 170W 160W 150W 140W 130W 120W 110W 100W 90W 80W 70W Monthlyanomaly is the differencebetween the . . 6'-.- - :- monthly mean sea surface temperature and the climatologicalmonthly mean value-- shading shows where the monthly mean is colder than climatology. Contour line interval is .505C.

Figure 20. Eastern Pacific Ocean (in-situ data) SST - Monthly Anomaly Chart

35 170W 160W 150w 130W W 120 140W 1 0 QW100W90W 80W 7070W 70N

I

X' 4...... 7Th: : . . .: . . . 1- . ... 22 . .' _L ...:: - ... ION2 .1 IO 100 V * 27 0 0105 24 .\ 'V 0 \I/- los 22 52 X~ 21 2is 205ZI--.- . ,,, 1 , , -- , z,,: 23 22 21 17 'C 16 30S 30s " t la I I It I l 170W 160W 15ow 14OW 130W 1ZOW 110W lOOW 90W 80W 70W Monthly mean sea surface temperature is the mean of satellite data within two-degree , : I. ' . i-,, -~ y quadrangles, Contour line interval is 1.0°C. I 0; . f X " iE

Figure 21. Eastern Pacific Ocean (satellite data) SST - Monthly Mean Chart

36 _ 20E 20W low 0 108. hOW 50W 40W 30W SOW80W 70U70W 60W 50W 40W 30W ZOW lOW 0 10E. ZOE 70N I -Atg 7ON

30S 1 I 1! 6 15 SOW 7OW 60W 5OW 40W 30W 20W lOW 0 10E ZOE

., { . 0 - 00: Monthly mean sea surface temperature Is the n .. ,.; i-E mean of in-situ data (ships and buoys) within two-degree quadrangles. Contour line - . S :, X, interval is 1.0oC. .! .

Figure 22. Atlantic Ocean (in-situ data) SST - Monthly Mean Chart

37 80W . 70W 60W 50W 40W 30W : 20W lOW 0 10E 20E 70N

60N

50N

40N

30N

ZON I

10N I t I I i log105

ZOS

t 30S 80W 70W 60W 50W 40W 30Wu O2W lOWo 0 10E 20E Monthlyanomaly is the differencebetween the monthly mean sea surface temperature and the i climatological monthly mean value -- shading shows where the monthly mean is colder than climatology. Contour line intervel is 0.5°C.

Figure 23. Atlantic Ocean (in-situ data) SST - Monthly Anomaly Chart

38 70N

60N

50N

40N

30N

208 - J. ZON .-...... , .....

ION 10N 10 ·-----,.J'.> .... 'I 2; 0 4: O0 3· ~2 -_.q .q..

10S2 10S

231

zOS1, :,..k ,f ',,Jl '16'i 1.c 2-7 1 20S .~ · /"~rs x ,\ / "" tOE ZE30S &OW80W 70W7W 60W 50W 40W 301 ZOW 10W 0 10E 20E Monthly mean sea surface temperature is the mean of setellitedata within two-deoree auedrangles. Contour line interveal s 1.0°C.

Figure 24. Atlantic Ocean (satellite data) SST - Monthly Mean Chart

39 I BERINGSEA I NORTHSLOPE ICE ANALYSIS 180° 170'W 160°W 150°W

I l I I J

I i

j i i

i |I

i i

I, t 11II j, I

I - To-al ic. combotrlon In th. ar- e I.

Ca-t C .enras_--tlt (cog. -n ). an3rdthik: (cC3 JULY1983

ll r i . Cr k edcC -l---- .:...... C)o,The mean monthlysurface pressure circulation depicts a 1016mb i ,ClClhigh .CCli ; pressure center near 74°N 150°W. Easterly geostrophicwinds affectAlaskan ice coveredwaters. Normalmean monthly air temp- l Co.-o.....1"c).eratures were observed at Barrow (71°N 157°W). An above normal I 7I-,, HI.... ,;3,,, ice edge recession rate in the Chukchi Sea has resulted in a near i , l....., ...... dl.0CC.OO) normal positioningof the ice edge. An extensive open water and l x~,e,.s. ice free leadextending from the southernChukchi Sea to Point Franklin(71°N 159°W) has developed. Elsewhere, narrow shore i-)4 ° @U leadsoccasionally blocked by ice are observedalong the north ,../_J < coastfrom the Barrowvicinity to the Canadianborder. The Beringi ,h:~ I hklf! Sea becameice freeduring the firstweek of Julywhen the last i f 12s Theo~retic3a1thickness ofthi$ ° ,gc.howh(:~) remaining ice in the Gulf of Anadyr (65°N 180 ) ablated. i land remains fast alo ng th 3

IceDbounder? visually or salelit e observed, li ... ie ~?oundarye$1imale d I

F i g :Brnu e/o rV;5 th Sl, Ic Ch;. -i~ l:e' '

Figure 25. Bering Sea/North Slope Ice Chart, with text

40 - WEST CO =- SEPTEMBER 1983

SST values at all stations started the month at 5s'N or near the highest yearly values, then decreased dramatically by the end of-the month as Autumn transitionappeared on schedule. In offshore areas, SSTs dropped by about 1'C between the be- ginning and end of the month. Decreases at coastal stations were more dramatic, ranging from 5°C at southern Washingtonstations to 3°C near Cape Mendocino (40°N 124°W). The coastal cooling associatedwith the seasonal transitionwas aug- mented by greater than normal coastal' 45aN L along the entire coast. The most rapid cooling occurred during September 15-19, when most coast- al and near-shorestations reported drops between 1 and 3°C. This correspondedto a period of very strong upwelling along the coast south of 47°N. Monthly mean SSTs at all stations were near or slightly below their normal values, indicating that no resurgenceof anomalous warming occurred.

4n-N N ' , . _ .

Analysis Techniques Thermal boundaries are determined from a combination of enhanced infrared satellite imagery and ship and buoy observations. Iden- i tification of- these features by I 35'N + + satellite is limited by I cover. i Key i A~ ~ .,oxe,+= thermalboundaries i · ~ .I W = warm ,.k C = cold I *4 ' A. -'(")= date of feature I 30°N I I -I + + Hi± \ t-:,= outlineof water .d ~' mass feature I 130'W 120 o~~'~w~ 110°w

NorthPanel Kent Short Weaker than normal upwelling continued during Septemea- due to : i NOAA/NorthwestRegional Ocean a low frequency of sustained northwesterlywinds. Upwelling ServiceCenter was strongest September 13-19 particularlynear Pt. 7600 SandPoint Way NE Arena and Bin C15700 Cape Mendocino but was generally weak during the renainderof Seattle,WA 98115 September. Very little upwelling was observed along the Baja (206)527-6604 Californiacoastline. Mean monthly SSTs along the entire coast were above normal and ranged from 0.5°C at 38°N to 4.0°C SouthPanel around San Diego at 33°N. The mean SSTs north of 30°N and I trnestDaghir west of 128°W were 1.5°C below normal. Warm anomalies ranging NOAA/NESOIS ° II SatelliteField Service Station from 0.5 to 2.0°C were found along the coast from San Francis- 660 PriceAvenue co Bay to Baja with the greatest warming occurring around Pt. RedwoodCity, CA 94063 ° (415)364-2422 Conception. There was a cool anomaly of 0.5 to 1.0°C near the coast between 38° and 40°N. f I

Figure 26. West Coast Ocean Features, with text

41 60N Lss e -l~~~let t *9vN\E'1 - A 12.~lil22lI2.2.2.3: 2:2.22.2 12.2:2.2:12:2|.2: 1~w 1. . \ 922. 2.I.:.:.l. ' . '2. i 21... :; .. '2.32.:2. I.

.211,"- .1'.3I" ,l..,"'"' 22'Y 23'2"-"'-''' I'''".. 2"' .012 NR ...... R c ~~~~is Z. L \ . 55N .2.4.... l4115.- I.~ .1 ,.n.5 ...... ,.. I. 1 I . . .. . I . .1 . . 3,2.. .3 23 . 1 t. a ~..1 .t. ~17.§1. t11...... 2., -. 12. t.1 s.~ .... 3.2 213 .1.. 3...I 7..,....,. 2...... SON

/ ' '\' 2,.~~~~~~...... , '\

4. 45N , >s, .. s_ _-~~~~~...... _ .,7 5 , ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~...... ,.- -rF- IL__- I 1. I I 'Z L 40N n... .2. 1 I - ta.11..-.'a.. T_ ./ . . . ii.i. . . . I.... 22.U : . '. * I2.- 12.2;2. . ... Z.1.? l.s 1. I I'.-'.'i'. :'...35N I.." nsn I2 n.n.n..b .... .iTI.- n t>. ;2232..1232 31 ).? n In.*. 1, ...\... 1-...... ;....3.223.222.3 3132 20.." .1".1 . .. .3,. .22.3.§. . . . -1I ,',,.'l9.511-_~;Xfrss,5'.W 30N 2 32 22 231 .1t! .- l5j l. l l., !-.T .7 .4 1,,,0,,01. 2 I, .W ~ 3322< 21.221.3 2 2 .2 522 . . 2U.. I3.3 e .222.2 22.22|. .i&i)t322.2 22.. 3.23.\2.2 .2. 5 it- @:.u'f. n.k.tl 25N ...... 2 Iz ...... 2~~~~~~~...... z.... .'...'3T.E-~. alm ...... I...... e3. -. wa~sa.Zzth~ln~sn~nq..steltZ~sz I'll.s! ;2Z tt;2u#1nz~n;n;n.;.t~n "I"S.1.a ...... n''' _ _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.nIn 2.220N 155W 150W 145W 140W 135W 130W 125W 1ZOW 115W 110W Monthly mean sea surface temperature is the D... :1 mean of twice-weekly analyses using ship, _:.:- ' buoy, and satellite observations. Contour line interval is 1.0OC.

Figure 27. West Coast SST - Monthly Mean Chart

42 '41 60N

......

...... -A4.4:4.

55N i

I ...... i,.Ai5 51 -A-A i',i ...... 5ON

......

...... IS IS4X4A 4 N I ...... WSW ,4A ...... - Franklin. Belize...... L ...... T- T3 X. i 4j "Y-; 4.14S 4th .i. 4A 0 4 I 4.4.4 t4.. Xmm 44 4A i R. mA O 4A 35N 04.I w r4s 4.

30N ...... -.4 .3

25N

......

155W 150W 145W 140W 135W 130W 125W 120W 115W 110w ~~~~. H ~Monthlyanomaly is the difference between the : · d iz, monthly mean sea surface temperature and the , climatologicalmonthly mean value -- shading - shows where the monthly mean is colder than i climatology. Contour line interval is 1.0°C.

Figure 28. West Coast SST - Monthly Anomaly Chart

43 0

I - I i The end of thismonth's positions of the EAST COAST OCEAN FEATURES observed i GulfStream System and itsassociated StreamSystem which werenot and duringthe monthare not shownon the I eddiesare shownfor the NW Atlantic the Gulfof Mexico. The GulfStream and analysischart. The longarrows at the I LoopCurrent boundaries are locatedby bottomof the chartindicate the date of 1 infraredsatellite imagery or XBT (expend- data used. ablebathythermograph) data. Anticyclonic eddiesare labeleda-z in the Gulfof Data usedin this analysisinclude: Mexicoand 1-99 in the NW Atlantic. NOAA satelliteinfrared imagery, Cycloniceddies are labeledA-Z. Arrows NESDIS Ii on eddiesindicate direction of circula- Bathythermographdata, tion. Warm-coreor anticycloniceddies NationalMeteorological Center i rotateclockwise; cold-core or cyclonic of NationalWeather Service eddiesrotate counterclockwise. The line OceanographicAnalysis, to the eddycenter shows the net trans- A dailydetailed analysis issued by lationsince last month or sincelast NationalWeather Service/NESDIS observed.Eddies or sectionsof the Gulf .i 35N 1

30N Jenifer Wartha-Clark iIi NOAA/NWS i Washington,DC 20233 I (301)763-8088 j 25N '80W 75W 70W 65W 60W . 55W e I Ann Bell One anticycloniceddy was absorbedby the GulfStream and threewere formed during NOAA/NWS . September.Eddy 29 was absorbedby the GulfStream near 36°N 74°W on September18.: National Meteorological Cen. Eddy36 formedfrom a Gulf Streammeander near 40°N 65'W on September9. Eddy37 Washington, DC 20233 apparentlywas formedfrom a longwarm waterfilament associated with the Gulf (301) 763-8056 Streamnear 39°N69°30W around September 19. Eddy38 was formedfrom a GulfStream 20N meandernear 42°N 58°W on September21. Two anticycloniceddies were newly named ,duringSeptember. Eddy 34 was firstpartially observed on July28 near42°30N 56°30W. Its originwas not known. It was not listedas a new eddyin tne August 1983OMS becauseit was onlyobserved once (duringJuly). DuringSeptember, eddy 34 was observedrepeatedly. Eddy 34 translated380 km W fromJuly 28-September 30. Eddy 35, firstobserved near 43°N 54°W on July28, moved 55 km NW by September22. Eddy26 moved235 km SW. Eddy33 moved 140 km WSW whenlast observed on September NNW. Eddy31 moved 15N 16. Eddy30 translated180 km W. Eddy32 translated110 km 130 km W whenlast observed on September21. The SouthWall of the GulfStream was 100W 95W 90W 85W 80W lastseen by satelliteimagery on September21 and 22. i SEPTEMBER1983 One cycloniceddy was absorbedby the GulfStream during the month. EddyX was 68°Won September5. EddyB was absorb- July. absorbedby a GulfStream meander near 37°N Nearisothermal conditions have prevailed in the Gulfof Mexicosince early ed by a GulfStream meander near 37%N64°W on September10 butemerged again near The NOAA DataBuoy Center suspects that eddy g no longerexists. HurricaneAlicia km SSW whenlast partially observed i Eddyg appar- 37°N65°W on September12. Eddy B moved225 and Barryapparently pushed the driftingdata buoy out of the area. on September21. EddyA moved235 km WSW whenlast partially observed around entlymoved 85 km WSW fromSeptember 1-20 before dissipating. i September12. EddyR traveled150 km SE when lastpartially observed on September J 10. i Figure 29. East Coast Ocean Features, with text

44 - EAST COAST SST- MONTHLY MEAN

35N

30N

25N

20N

'. ~J L'72.6 28.6'°2".'~?8-26

100W 95W 90W 85W 80W Monthly mean sea surface temperature is the mean of twice-weekly analyses using ship, buoy, and satellite observations. Contour line interval is 1.0°C.

EAST COAST SST MONTHLY MEAN CHARTS

Figure 30. Gulf of Mexico SST - Monthly Mean Chart

45 e; - ; - S~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

45N

40N

35N

30N

25u 80W 75W 70W 65W 60W 55W . * ~ Monthly mean sea surface temperature is the mean of twice-weekly analyses using ship, *:- . buoy, and satelliteobservations. Contour line interval is 1.0°C.

Figure 31. NW Atlantic Ocean SST - Monthly Mean Chart

46 EAST COAST SST- ANOMALY

35N

30N

25N

2ON

/< -- .2 -.5* * I 15N ~OOW. 95W 90W 85W 80W Monthlyanomaly is the differencebetween the monthly mean sea surface temperature and the climatologicalmonthly mean value -- shading shows where the monthly mean is colder than climatology. Contour line interval is 1.0°C. - --- - I ------11.

Figure 32. Gulf of Mexico SST - Monthly Anomaly Chart

47 .--/ ......

•~~~~~/' / _ L4 .2x

_ .t1 " 7/:!

-^ . . 7 .4 .5 IIJ3

r~~~~~~~~~~~.A -. .7 lL,~ ' , .Z .4 .5 . .3 .6 .5 2. .1 H _ : ~~~~~~~~~~~...... '!.:'.. - ' t~).3 . 2. 6 1, \~~~~~~~~~~. .3 .6 . 4 .9

1.6 .. .. 4 .7 .6 , &

. . . ./__ .. :'''k. .~~~~ .7 3 .1 Z.. 4 1.5 . .7 Z .6 .3 _ \~ L ,. .Z'V° .143_,z" .5 _,. '-.3 ->1:.1 . .12 . .45 .2ZA .0 : .0 . .0 I 1 .. .1.1. .~..t . .1 1 . ... . I . . Z .6 .5 4 .9 .5 .5 611j / .6 .5 23 .1 . 1 . 2 2 2 0 .Z .5 .8 1.0 .8 .4 .5 .5 0 I . _ _ [ ' 80W 75W 70W 65H 6OW 55W

I Monthly anomaly is the differencebetween the .; . I:.monthlymean sea surface temperature and the I 0 ;' : climatologicalmonthly mean value -- shading shows where the monthly mean is colder than 1 climatology. Contour line interval is 1.0°C.

I I l I-

Figure 33. NW Atlantic SST - Monthly Anomaly Chart

48 Figure 34. Wave Spectra Measured by NDBC and NOS Buoys

Code for Non-Directional Wave Spectra

The non-directional spectral wave message consists of 2 lines, exclusive of the header, as follows:

SXVX## KWBC YYGGGG<

NNNNNYYGGddffHHPP <

AAAXBBBXCCCXDDDXEEEXFFFXII IXJJJXKKKXLLLXMMMXQQQXRRRXSSSXTTTX<

Message Header

##: Bulletin number 20: Atlantic south of 35N 21: Gulf of Mexico 22: Atlantic north of 35N 23: Great Lakes 24: Pacific Region 25: Pacific Region 33: Pacific Region 40: Mid-Atlantic waverider buoys

YY: Day of month

GGGG: Hour of observation (GMT)

Control Characters

<<: 2 carriage returns

LF: Line feed

Message

NNNNN: The WMO five digit buoy location identifier (it is assumed that latitude/longitude coordinates are known).

YY: Day of month

GG: Hour of observation (GMT) dd: True wind direction to the nearest 10 degrees ff: Wind speed in meters per second

HH: Significant wave height in half meters

PP: Period of maximum wave energy in seconds

49 AAAXBBBX...(maximum of 60 characters): 15 groups of 4 characters in each group representing 2 the energy density in meters /Hz for each of 15 spectral bands ordered by increasing period as indicated in the attayhed table. The first 3 characters in each group are the mantissa. A decimal point is assumed to exist to the left of each group. Exponents are interpreted as follows:

0 = 100 = 1 5 = 10-1 = 0.1 1 = 1 01= 10 6 = 10 - 2 =0.01 - 2 = 102 = 100 7 = 10 3 = 0.001 - 4 3 = 103 = 1000 8 = 10 = 0.0001 4 = 104 = 10000 9 10 - 5 = 0.00001

Examples:

3216 = .0032J m2 /Hz 5 2 7 3 = 527 m {Hz 2190 = .219 m /Hz

A 4-character spectral group in which energy density is less than 10- 5 m 2 /Hz will be indicated by a single slash (/). However, if this occurs in successive groups out to the end of the message, no information of any kind will be included (i.e., the message will end with the last reported energy group).

Control Characters

<<: 2 carriage returns

LF: Line feed

%: Percent sign at end of last report in the bulletin indicating end of bulletin

50 Code for Directional Wave Spectra

The directional spectral wave message is similar to the non-directional code. The number of spectral bands, the band widths, and central periods are identical (as indicated in the attached table). However, each spectral band has associated with it a dominant wave direction. In addition, both mean and dominant periods and directions are reported for the entire spectrum. The directional message consists of 2 lines, exclusive of the message header as follows:

SXVX## KWBC YYGGGG<

IIIXDDJJJXDDKKKXDDLLLXDDMMMXDDQQQXDDRRRXDDSSSXDDTTTXDDUUUXDD<

Message Header and Control Characters

i Same meaning as i in the non-directional code except that ## will be: i 30: Pacific Region

31: Atlantic/Gulf of Mexico

Message

The first 15 characters have the same meaning as in the non-directional code.

PMPM: Mean wave period in seconds

DMDm: Mean wave direction to +2.5° accuracy using the algorithm DMDM = (Direction/5} + 0.5.

Examples: DMDM = (870/5) + 0.5 = 17.9 = 17 DMDM = (880/5) + 0.5 = 18.1 = 18

To obtain direction, multiply by 5.

PDPD: Dominant (peak) wave period in seconds

F DDD : Dominant (peak) wave direction expressed in the same manner as in i DMD above. To obtain I M direction, multiply by 5.

AAAXDDBBBXDD....(maximum of 90 characters): 15 groups of 6 characters in each group representing the energy density and dominant wave direction for each of 15 spectral bands ordered by increasing period as indicated in the attached table. The first 4 characters are the same as described in the I non-directional spectrum format. The last 2 characters (DD) in each group represent the dominant wave direction for that spectral band. To obtain direction, multiply by 5.

Examples: 321615 = .00321 m2 /Hz from 75° 527325 = 527 m ZHz from 1250 219072 = .219 m /Hz from 0°

51

--- G*- , .; a, i - . : I --1. IE-I,t - i; If a group contains a value for energy density, but the dominant wave direction is indeterminate, DD will be encoded as 99. ~ 6-character spectral group in which energy density is less than 10- m2I/Hz will be indicated by a single slash(/). However, if this occurs in successive groups out to the end of the message, no information of any kind will be included (i.e., the message will end with the last reported energy group).

Control Characters

Same as in the non--directional code.

52

,,..V~ ~ .,,,...... ~ ~~ " I'.i,: Fifteen Band Spectrum Correspondino to the 15 Groups (AAAX, BBBX, etc.) in the Coded Messagies

NOTE: These values are fixed and therefore are not included in the message code.

Band Nominal Central Ce n t ral Band Band Nominal No. Central Period Freq. Width Limits Period Period(Sec) (Sec) (H z) ( iz) ( Hz) Li,,lits (Sec)

3.2 3.2258 0.310 0.09 0.355-0.265 2.8-3.8 2 4.2 4.1667 0.240 0.05 0.265-0.215 3.8-4.7 3 5.1 5.1282 0.195 0.04 0.215-0.175 4.7-5.7 4 6.3 6. 2500 0.160 0.03 0.175-0.145 5.7-6.9 5 7.4 7.4074 0.135 0.02 0.145-0.125 6.9-8.0 6 8.3 8.3333 O. 120 0.01 0.125-0.115 8.0-8.7 7 9.1 9.0909 0.110 0.01 0.115-0.105 8.7-9.5 8 10.0 10 . 0(O 0. 100( 0.01 0.105-0.095 9.5-10.5 9 11.1 11.1111 0.090 0.01 0.095-0.085 10.5-11.i 10 12-.5 12.5000 0.080 0.01 0.085-0.075 11.8-13.3 11 14.3 14.2857 0.070 0.01 0.075-0.065 13.3-1 5.4 12 16.7 16.6667 0. 060 0.(01 0. 065-0.05CS5 15.4-18.2 13 20.0 20.0000 0.050 ().01l 0.055-0.045 18.2-22. 14 25.0 25. (0(}) 0. ()4( O.01O 0.045-0.035 22.2-28.) 15 33.3 33.3333 0.030 0.01 0.0()35-0.025 28. 6-/) .)

53 ' e)1KA I NI A 1\17 WA14/, DIFT ICa ( C Z -'ifLE5 7 RU E3. - - ~~~~~ - ¢~~~~~~~f~ ~~~~~~~-v -0x* - *vx<*1 r - 0v- W AA~]CfIfTo o~E RE

. - - _g

_boi\" No.: 41D0L IA'F: 4P.5 N LON '71.3W DOl: 25 7i 10E. 14 E

N V F- Io (0A/5) DIR: 245(DEC-) a4 WA'V i 5 * (T: -7 (-i.a/) -Da" 13L-k. 08 DO M DI R: - . f\ALANPCItZ' 1 AN D1iI 265

lI-

.1 T .. I !,t .l I i I I I, t 5.1 .2 3j3,3 -73 2 o10 ?--M'.3 sM,,, Tooig i 8.3 7.4 ,5.3 5,1 4.?-~ 3.2 PElIaoD (EC)

54 REFERENCES

Gemmill, W. H., Auer, S. J., 1982: Operational Regional Scale Surface Temper- ature and Ocean Feature Analysis. First Inter. Conf. on Meteorology and Air/Sea Interaction of the Coastal Zone, pp. 290-295.

Gemmill, W. H., Larson, S. E., 1979: Real Time Ocean Thermal Structure Analysis. Papers submitted to the Joint IOC/WMO Seminar on Oceanographic Products and the IGOSS Data Processing and Services System, Workshop Report No. 17, Moscow, pp. 115-142.

Gerald, V. M., 1984: Real-Time Bathythermograph Analysis, NOAA Office Note 290, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U. S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C., 16 pp.

Reynolds, R. W., 1982: A Monthly Averaged Climatology of Sea Surface Temperatures; NOAA Technical Report NWS 31.

Robinson, M., 1976: Atlas of North Pacific Ocean Monthly Mean Temperatures and Mean of the Surface Layer; Naval Oceanographic Office Reference Publication 2.

Robinson, M., Bauer, R., and Schroeder, E. H., 1979: Atlas of North Atlantic- Monthly Mean Temperatures and Mean Salinitiesof the Surface Layer; Naval Oceanographic Office Reference Publication 18.

55