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2011 ACS PUMS DATA DICTIONARY August 7, 2015 HOUSING RECORD
2011 ACS PUMS DATA DICTIONARY August 7, 2015 HOUSING RECORD RT 1 Record Type H .Housing Record or Group Quarters Unit SERIALNO 7 Housing unit/GQ person serial number 0000001..9999999 .Unique identifier DIVISION 1 Division code 0 .Puerto Rico 1 .New England (Northeast region) 2 .Middle Atlantic (Northeast region) 3 .East North Central (Midwest region) 4 .West North Central (Midwest region) 5 .South Atlantic (South region) 6 .East South Central (South region) 7 .West South Central (South Region) 8 .Mountain (West region) 9 .Pacific (West region) PUMA 5 Public use microdata area code (PUMA) 00100..08200 .Public use microdata area codes 77777 .Combination of 01801, 01802, and 01905 in Louisiana Note: Public use microdata areas (PUMAs) designate areas of 100,000 or more population. Use with ST for unique code. REGION 1 Region code 1 .Northeast 2 .Midwest 3 .South 4 .West 9 .Puerto Rico ST 2 State Code 01 .Alabama/AL 02 .Alaska/AK 04 .Arizona/AZ 05 .Arkansas/AR 06 .California/CA 08 .Colorado/CO 09 .Connecticut/CT 10 .Delaware/DE 11 .District of Columbia/DC 12 .Florida/FL 13 .Georgia/GA 1 15 .Hawaii/HI 16 .Idaho/ID 17 .Illinois/IL 18 .Indiana/IN 19 .Iowa/IA 20 .Kansas/KS 21 .Kentucky/KY 22 .Louisiana/LA 23 .Maine/ME 24 .Maryland/MD 25 .Massachusetts/MA 26 .Michigan/MI 27 .Minnesota/MN 28 .Mississippi/MS 29 .Missouri/MO 30 .Montana/MT 31 .Nebraska/NE 32 .Nevada/NV 33 .New Hampshire/NH 34 .New Jersey/NJ 35 .New Mexico/NM 36 .New York/NY 37 .North Carolina/NC 38 .North Dakota/ND 39 .Ohio/OH 40 .Oklahoma/OK 41 .Oregon/OR 42 .Pennsylvania/PA 44 .Rhode -
Contributions to Regional Haze in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic States
Contributions to Regional Haze in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic United States Mid-Atlantic/Northeast Visibility Union (MANE-VU) Contribution Assessment Prepared by NESCAUM For the Mid-Atlantic/Northeast Visibility Union (MANE-VU) Figure III-21 2002 Annual Average PM 2.5 , Sulfate, Nitrate and Total Carbon for MANE-VU based on IMPROVE and STN data. Mass data are supplemented by the FRM network AIRS vs. CMAQ in PA,MD,DE,DC,VA,WV,NC during August 9~16, 2002 100 O3 hourly 75 O3 daytime hourly O3 diurnal max 50 O3 daily mean 15%/35% Fractional Error (%) . (%) Error Fractional 25 30%/50% 60%/75% 0 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 Fractional Bias (%) Contribution to PM Sulfate in Brigantine, NJ Surface Emission + All Canada & Mexico PA Emission 11.2% 30% OH Other US Elevated 9.2% Emission 1.9% NY 4.3% RI VT WV 0.0% 0.0% 4.1% DC CONTRIBUTION OF RPO TO PM SO4 IN CLASS I AREAS 0.0% ME MD MANE-VU LADCO VISTAS CenRAP0.1% Esurface 4.0% AR VA 100 NH MS 0.2% 4.0% 90 0.3% IN 0.3% SC MI 80 AL GA KY 3.9% CT TX 0.9% DE 2.9% LA 1.2% 2.2% NJ 70 0.5% 0.7% 1.6% 2.0% 0.3% NC 3.5% 60 TN IL IA MA WI 2.9% 50 MN MO 1.6% 2.2% 0.6% 1.0% 1.3% Percent 40 0.5% 0.9% 30 20 10 0 Brigantine, NJ Acadia, ME Lye Brook, VT Shenandoah, VA August 2006 Members of NESCAUM Board Arthur Marin, Executive Director NESCAUM Anne Gobin, Bureau Chief Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Air Management James P. -
Caribbean Billfish Project?
Image by sportfishimages.com What is the Caribbean Billfish Project? The goal of the Caribbean Billfish Project (CBP) is to recapture lost wealth and contribute to sustainable livelihoods in the West- ern Central Atlantic region through investment in economically, technically and ecologically feasible billfish fisheries management and conservation approaches. The objective is to develop business plans for one or more long-term pilot projects aimed at sustain- able management and conservation of billfish within the Western Central Atlantic Ocean. The CBP has 4 components: 1. Generating value and conservation outcomes through innovative management. 2. Strengthening regional billfish management and conservation planning. 3. A Functional and Responsive Consortium on Billfish Management and Conservation (CBMC). 4. Business plans developed for pilot investments in sustainable management and conservation of billfish. 2 • Caribbean Billfish Project List of Acronyms CBMC Consortium on Billfish Management and Conservation CFMC Caribbean Fisheries Management Council CI Conservation International CNFO Caribbean Network of Fisherfolk Organizations CRFM Caribbean Regional Fisheries Mechanism FAD Fish Aggregating Devices GGFA Grenada Game Fishing Association ICCAT International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas IUU Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated IGFA International Game Fish Association OSPESCA Central America Fisheries and Aquaculture Organization RFMO Regional Fisheries Management Organization RFB Regional Fisheries Body WECAFC Western -
Speleothem Paleoclimatology for the Caribbean, Central America, and North America
quaternary Review Speleothem Paleoclimatology for the Caribbean, Central America, and North America Jessica L. Oster 1,* , Sophie F. Warken 2,3 , Natasha Sekhon 4, Monica M. Arienzo 5 and Matthew Lachniet 6 1 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA 2 Department of Geosciences, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; [email protected] 3 Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany 4 Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA; [email protected] 5 Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, USA; [email protected] 6 Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 27 December 2018; Accepted: 21 January 2019; Published: 28 January 2019 Abstract: Speleothem oxygen isotope records from the Caribbean, Central, and North America reveal climatic controls that include orbital variation, deglacial forcing related to ocean circulation and ice sheet retreat, and the influence of local and remote sea surface temperature variations. Here, we review these records and the global climate teleconnections they suggest following the recent publication of the Speleothem Isotopes Synthesis and Analysis (SISAL) database. We find that low-latitude records generally reflect changes in precipitation, whereas higher latitude records are sensitive to temperature and moisture source variability. Tropical records suggest precipitation variability is forced by orbital precession and North Atlantic Ocean circulation driven changes in atmospheric convection on long timescales, and tropical sea surface temperature variations on short timescales. On millennial timescales, precipitation seasonality in southwestern North America is related to North Atlantic climate variability. -
About MANE-VU.Pmd
ABOUT Mid-Atlantic/Northeast MANE-VU Visibility Union FACT SHEET Regional haze is air pollution that visually obscures mountain ranges, city skylines and scenic vistas. With regional haze diminishing pristine views of the Nation’s national parks and wilderness areas, visi- tors may not experience the beauty seen in the past. Regional haze also poses risks to human health. An organization called MANE-VU, a coalition of air quality experts from nearly 20 federal, state and tribal agencies, is working to develop solutions to bring back beautiful vistas to the Mid-Atlantic and North- east regions. MANE-VU, the Mid-Atlantic/Northeast Visibility Union, includes representatives from Connecticut, Delaware, the District of Columbia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, the Penobscot Indian Nation, Rhode Island, St. Regis Mohawk Tribe, Ver- mont, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, and the National Park Service. The federal Clean Air Act requires EPA to address impaired visibility caused by haze in federal Class I areas – certain national parks and wilderness areas. In 1999 EPA issued the Regional Haze Rule, which requires states and interested tribes to take steps to reduce haze-causing emissions from numerous sources over large geographic areas. In accordance with the Rule, all states in the na- tion are required to identify key sources of haze- causing pollution, develop plans to reduce emis- sions from those sources, and submit these plans to EPA by 2008. EPA established five regional planning organizations across the nation to coor- dinate this effort. -
Threats to Western United States Riparian Ecosystems: a Bibliography
Threats to Western United States Riparian Ecosystems: A Bibliography Boris Poff, Karen A. Koestner, Daniel G. Neary, and David Merritt United States Department of Agriculture / Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-269 December 2012 Poff, Boris; Koestner, Karen A.; Neary, Daniel G.; Merritt, David. 2012. Threats to western United States riparian ecosystems: A bibliography. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-269. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 78 p. Abstract __________________________________________________ This bibliography is a compendium of state-of-knowledge publications about the threats affecting western U.S. riparian ecosystems and is a companion to the website: http://www.rmrs.nau.edu/ awa/ripthreatbib/. The website contains abstracts and access to many of the publications via PDFs, or it directs the readers to websites where PDFs of the publication can be viewed or obtained. The bibliography is ordered alphabetically and the type of threats discussed in each publication is highlighted. These threats include agriculture, climate change, dam construction, disease, drought, invasive species, fire, floods, flow regulation, forest harvesting, grazing, groundwater depletion, insects, mining, recreation, roads, water diversions, urbanization, and water quality. Keywords: ecosystem, riparian, soil, water, watersheds, hydrology, threats, vegetation, wildlife, drought, floods, grazing, invasive plants Authors _____________________________ David Merritt, Riparian Ecologist, U.S. Department of Agri- culture, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, Boris Poff, District Hydrologist, Bureau of Land Management, Stream Systems Technology Center, Fort Collins, Colorado. Las Vegas, Nevada. Karen A. Koestner, Hydrologic Research Technician, U.S. Acknowledgments ____________________ Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Flagstaff, This effort was funded by a grant from the U.S. -
Deep Structure of the Atlantic Margins and Neighboring Oceanic Crust from Wide-Angle Seismic Data and Plate Kinematic Reconstructions
Deep structure of the Atlantic margins and neighboring oceanic crust from wide-angle seismic data and plate kinematic reconstructions. Frauke Klingelhoefer, Youssef Biari, Dieter Franke, Thomas Funck, Lies Loncke, Jean-Claude Sibuet, Christophe Basile, James Austin, Caesar Rigoti, Mohamed Sahabi, Massinissa Benabdellouahed, and Walter Roest This study Biari et al., 2021 Rotational poles Matthews et al., 2016 Volcanic provinces Whittaker et al., 2015 Marginal plateaus Loncke et al., 2020 Click to visit Conclusions Next slide Central Atlantic (~195 Ma) Initial extension Assymmetric seafloor spreading Accretion of thin oceanic crust Funck et al., 2004 Biari et al., 2015 Biari et al., 2017 ● 37 km unthinned continental crust thickness ● No indications for the existence of serpentinized upper mantle material ● 150 km broad region with serpentinized upper mantle material exhumed to the seafloor ● Oceanic crust of 7–8 km thickness ● ~3 thin oceanic crust ● Unthinned continental crust has a thickness of ~36 km South Atlantic – Falkland Segment (~160Ma) Schimschal and Jokat, 2019 Falkland Plateau comprises three regions: ● the Falkland/Malvinas islands (underlain by a 35 km crust of continental origin) ● the Falkland Plateau basin (underlain by thick oceanic crust) ● the Maurice Ewing Bank (28 km thick continental fragment heavily overprinted by magmatic intrusions) South Atlantic – Austral Segment (~133 Ma) Schnabel et al., 2008 Hirsch et al., 2009 ● 20–25 km of thinned continental crust ● Continental crust thinning from 40 to 15 km below the SDR ● One single thick SDR complex ● Further thinning crust seaward of SDR. ● Up to 10 km thick underplate layers at the ● High velocity lower crustal body transition zone interpreted to be igneous material. -
Contemporary Uplift of the Sierra Nevada, Western United States, from GPS and Insar Measurements
Contemporary uplift of the Sierra Nevada, western United States, from GPS and InSAR measurements William C. Hammond1*, Geoffrey Blewitt1, Zhenhong Li2, Hans-Peter Plag1, and Corné Kreemer1 1Nevada Geodetic Laboratory, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, and Nevada Seismological Laboratory, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA 2Centre for the Observation and Modelling of Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Tectonics (COMET+), School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK ABSTRACT particular, the EarthScope Plate Boundary Observatory has provided hun- Modern space geodesy has recently enabled the direct observation dreds of new stations in California and Nevada, including about a dozen of slow geological processes that move and shape Earth’s surface, includ- on the west slope of the Sierra Nevada. We processed all available GPS ing plate tectonics and crustal strain accumulation that leads to earth- data to obtain station height time series, and fi t them with a six-parameter quakes. More elusive has been the direct observation of active moun- empirical model including an epoch position, a velocity, and an amplitude tain growth, because geodetic measurements have larger uncertainties and phase of annual and semiannual harmonic constituents (to model sea- in the vertical direction, while mountain growth is typically very slow. sonal effects). To enhance the signal-to-noise ratio, we used GPS vertical For the Sierra Nevada of California and Nevada, western United States, velocities based on over 3 yr of data with 1σ rate uncertainties ≤1.0 mm/yr, the history of elevation is complex, exhibiting features of both ancient and required that the empirical model adequately fi t the data (Fig. -
Why Is Snow Important in the Southwestern United States
Module 1 Educator’s Guide Investigation 4 Why is snow Geography Standards important in the Standard 7: Physical Systems The physical processes that shape southwestern the patterns of Earth’s surface • Describe how physical processes affect different regions of the United United States? States and the world. Investigation Overview Standard 15: Environment In Investigation 4, students role-play U.S. senators from seven western and Society states seeking to find solutions to important water problems in the How physical systems affect Southwest: recurrent drought, which reduces vital snowpack resources, human systems in the face of rapid population growth and therefore increasing demand • Analyze examples of changes in the on those resources. Information from satellite images, in tandem with physical environment that have ground-based perspectives, assist students in playing their roles as reduced the capacity of the environ- senators. Because the investigation uses a case study in the United ment to support human activity. • Apply the concept of “limits to growth” States, all statistics will be in English units. This conscious exception to to suggest ways to adapt to or the standard use of metric units reflects the real-world practice of Ameri- overcome the limits imposed on can water resource managers. human systems by physical systems. Time required: Five to nine 45-minute sessions (as follows): Standard 18: The Uses of Introduction and Parts 1 and 2: One or two 45-minute sessions Part 3: One 45-minute session Geography Parts 4 and 5: One or two 45-minute sessions How to apply geography to inter- Parts 6 and 7: One or two 45-minute sessions pret the present and plan for the Part 8 and Debriefing: One or two 45-minute sessions future • Develop policies that are designed to guide the use and management of Materials/Resources Earth’s resources and that reflect Briefing (one per student) multiple points of view. -
Autumn Precipitation Trends in the Northeast United States
Middle States Geographer, 2000, 33:74-81 AUTUMN PRECIPITATION TRENDS IN THE NORTHEAST UNITED STATES Keith G. Henderson Department of Geography Villanova University Villanova, PA 19085 ABSTRA CT: The northeastern United States experienced significant increases in precipitation from /900- / 999 Precipitation changes have been most prominent in the autumn. In western New York and Pennsylvania. and in coastal New England, seasonal precipitation totals have risen 25-45% over the IOO-year period. Concurrent decreases in temperature indicate that early season precipitation increases may be associated with earlier upper level troughing, while large-scale November changes may be linked to an enhanced subtropical high pressure system. Autumn precipitation steadily increased over the century and has impacted regional hydrology. At least three major rivers have shown increased autumn flow. This impact is potentially important given that autumn is usually a time ofrising river levels before high winter and spring runoffperiods. INTRODUCTION aI., 1996). Karl and Knight (1998) suggest that over half of the measured precipitation increase across the country has been caused by increases in the largest Recent research on global climate change 10% of storms. While precipitation events of all has highlighted precipitation trends as a leading levels have become more frequent, only the signal in change detection. In North America intensities of the largest events have increased (Karl precipitation has increased significantly in many and Knight, 1998). Kunkel et al. (1999) also found regions over the past century. Groisman and significant increases in extreme precipitation events Easterling (1994) found that total precipitation rose over many portions of the United States. -
The Atlantic Northeast Region and the French Canada
Outline The Atlantic Northeast and French Canada 1. The Atlantic Northeast 2. French Canada and Overarching Themes Atlantic Northeast Atlantic Northeast Defining the Region Defining the Region • What’s the unique characteristic? • Less explicit than other unique characteristics • The “New England Question” • Character, rurality, not French, relatively What’s the author doing on p. 104? limited resources on land, relatively rich • adjacent ocean, very early settlement • Do you agree with the argument? • Region defined by bordering regions, but has own character Atlantic Northeast Atlantic Northeast Economic Struggles Economic Struggles • “Suffered longer and more continually from physical geography disadvantages economic handicaps than any other on the • continent” • soils are poor • Why? • growing season is short and cool Atlantic Northeast Atlantic Northeast • growing season • the time period each year when dominant crops can be grown • climate and crop selection • days between first and last frost • extremely important statistic for agriculture http://epaedia.eea.europa.eu/page.php?pid=343#gallery Atlantic Northeast Atlantic Northeast Economic Struggles Economic Struggles • physical geography (site) disadvantages physical geography (site) advantages- soils are poor • • turned-disadvantages growing season is short and cool • • fish stock mineral resources are scarce • • water power resources not sufficient • second-growth timber grows slowly Atlantic Northeast Atlantic Northeast Economic Struggles Economic Struggles • lower income per capita -
Contributions to Regional Haze in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic United States: Preliminary Update Through 2007
Contributions to Regional Haze in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic United States: Preliminary Update Through 2007 Mid-Atlantic/Northeast Visibility Union (MANE-VU) Updated Contribution Assessment Prepared by Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM) for the Mid-Atlantic/Northeast Visibility Union (MANE-VU) March 2012 Members of Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management Arthur Marin, Executive Director Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management Anne Gobin, Bureau Chief Connecticut Department of Energy & Environmental Protection, Bureau of Air Management Melanie Loyzim, Bureau Director Maine Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Air Quality Nancy Seidman, Deputy Assistant Commissioner Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Waste Prevention Craig Wright, Acting Director New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, Air Resources Division William O’Sullivan, Director New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Office of Air Quality Management David Shaw, Director New York Department of Environmental Conservation, Division of Air Resources Douglas L. McVay, Chief Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, Office of Air Resources Richard A. Valentinetti, Director Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation, Air Pollution Control Division Contributions to Regional Haze in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic United States: Preliminary Update Through 2007 Mid-Atlantic/Northeast Visibility Union (MANE-VU) Updated Contribution Assessment Prepared by Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM) for the Mid-Atlantic/Northeast Visibility Union (MANE-VU) March 2012 ii CONTRIBUTIONS TO REGIONAL HAZE IN THE NORTHEAST AND MID-ATLANTIC UNITED STATES: PRELIMINARY UPDATE THROUGH 2007 MID-ATLANTIC/NORTHEAST VISIBILITY UNION (MANE-VU) UPDATED CONTRIBUTION ASSESSMENT Project Manager Paul Miller, NESCAUM Principal Contributors Leiran Biton, NESCAUM Printed: April 2015 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.