a 8.90 D 14974 E D European & Security ES & Defence 5/2020 International Security and Defence Journal ISSN 1617-7983 • German Aerospace Focus www.euro-sd.com • • Syrian Refugee Crisis • Satellite Navigation • Turkish Air Defence Capabilities • Italian Defence Programmes May 2020 • OCCAR Revisited • Future Combat Aircraft System Politics · Armed Forces · Procurement · Technology ES_D_AD297x210.qxp_Layout 1 27.04.20 12:04 Seite 1 E u r o p E Eurofighter Typhoon – developed by Europe, for Europe. www.eurofighter.com Effective Proven Trusted Editorial Politics Without Consequences It is tempting in these days of endless personal opinions masquerading as expert advice, of factual uncertainty posturing as mainstream media’s demonstrable truth, and of endless torrents of fear- and hate-driven social media posting ever more unqualified interpretations of questionable, often unsupported data or commentary, to decline to mention the COVID-19 pandemic as at late-April 2020. But that would be to deny EUROPEAN SECURITY & DEFENCE its place in our world, so… One of the fundamental characteristics of “Security” is, for most modern democracies, “stability”. One of the more stable democratic institutions of the modern world has been, for many years, the European Union, and its attendant sub-domains such as the European Commission, the European Parliament, the European Courts and the European Central Bank. But what have these institutions delivered in the way of stability in recent weeks? Or indeed of leadership? The European Parliament has “lost” the United Kingdom, fallout from BREXIT threatening to infect even France and The Netherlands, not to mention Greece, Spain, Portugal and Ireland. Various “EXITS” aside, the Euro itself remains a fundamental problem: the European Central Bank has failed to deliver a solution that marries southern Europe’s desperate economic needs with potential northern European-funded solutions. The Court of Auditors and the Court of Justice have failed to lead the nations of Europe in the fight against organised crime, or even the application of common sense to The Law. And the European Commission’s “apolo- gies on behalf of Europe” towards Italy go nowhere, at the time of writing, towards help- ing that nation to address its COVID-19 consequences – unless reducing Italy’s economy to that of a vassal state, somewhat like Greece, is part of a Grand European Plan. Emer- gency funding allocated by the EU “gave” Italy (population 60 million, COVID-19 deaths around 30,000) Euros 2.3Bn: and “gave” Hungary (population 10 million, COVID-19 deaths around 300) Euros 5.6Bn. This suggests a staggering level of incompetence. NATO has warned that numerous European countries and their industries will be so economically weakened by Europe’s shut-down response to the coronavirus that their acquisition by definitively hostile actors is a very real possibility – Belt and Road, anyone? But what is NATO? An organisation created to deliver stability through a network of inter- dependent commitments, that delivered peace in Europe for over 50 years – whose time is past? The Alliance is only as strong as its members, but why are there calls in Europe for a European Army, whose purpose can only be to duplicate and thus to weaken NATO? As if that were not enough, NATO’s 29 European political leaders are, with perhaps eight notable exceptions, unable to secure the bare minimum of “promised” funding for the organisation that exists to guarantee their security, and their stability. NATO without the USA is not a feasible option, but NATO is no longer able to respond quickly, or decisively, or forcefully, because precisely those qualities are missing from Europe’s political leaders, and from the institutions they have created that merely insulate them from the real world. Two truisms finally come home to roost: a “European Army” will indeed reflect European society; and society gets the Armed Forces it deserves. Today, these are Bad Things. The malaise extends to OCCAR and EDA. Although classic European “arrangements” have been made to allow the two to complement each other, it should have been possi- ble, in the six years between their respective creation, to build an expanded, streamlined, single organisation that would, efficiently and cost-effectively, execute the mission. In modern Western Europe the problem is simple. Mature societies with no experience of war, and little experience of hardship. With no concept of total loss and absolute defeat. Encouraged, ultimately, to dismiss and tear down the achievements of their predecessors. And incited to – or scared into - political correctness, political moralising and political posturing without the slightest thought for the consequences, or the alternatives. Among civilians these, too, are Bad Things; among politicians, they’re worse. Stephen Barnard 5/2020 · European Security & Defence 1 Contents NATO’s Counter-Terrorism Role Heavy Transport Helicopter Photo: US Army Photo: Bundeswehr NATO’s fight against terrorism remains a difficult Germany has launched a procurement task because terrorist groups change their programme to replace its ageing fleet behaviour frequently. Page 10 of CH-53G helicopters. Page 62 SECURITY POLICY 43 FCAS – Europe's Most Ambitious Defence Programme 10 NATO and the Counter-Terrorism 'Roller Coaster' Giulia Tilenni Andreea Stoian Karadeli 50 Italy's Parliament in Support 14 Belarus Says Welcome to China, Iran and of Defence Programmes North Korea Luca Peruzzi Reuben F. Johnson 54 Armoured Vehicle Programmes 18 Dilemma between Strategic Migration and in the Central and Eastern European Region Coronavirus Pandemic – the Syrian Refugee Crisis Michał Jarocki Korhan Özkilinc 62 German Heavy Transport Helicopter Approaching ARMED FORCES Andre Forkert 23 “We believe that privatising public services is 67 Shorter Waves, Better Performance fundamentally a mistake” Thomas Withington Interview with Wolfgang Hellmich, Member of Parliament, 70 Eastern European Tactical Chairman of the Defence Committee of the German UAS Programmes Bundestag Alex Horobets 28 “I see submarines becoming even more relevant 76 Countering Drone Weapons than today” Tamir Eshel Interview with RADM Andrea Petroni, Commander of the Italian Navy's Submarine Force 80 European Artillery Locating (MARICOSOM) Radar Capabilities Tim Guest 34 Turkish Air and Missile Defence Capabilities Kubilai Han INDUSTRY AND MARKETS ARMAMENT & TECHNOLOGY 84 Azerbaijan's Defence and Security Industry Korhan Özkilinc 38 “Any nation willing to participate in an OCCAR programme may do so” 88 “We are now working on an Interview with VADM Matteo Bisceglia, 'ILA goes digital'...” Director OCCAR (Organisation Conjointe de Interview with Dirk Hoke, President of the German Coopération en matière d'Armement / Organisation Aerospace Industries Association (Bundesverband der for Joint Armament Co-operation) Deutschen Luft-und Raumfahrtindustrie e.V. – BDLI) 2 European Security & Defence · 5/2020 VIEWPOINT FROM … 13 Tbilisi Eugene Kogan 22 Tel Aviv Photo: Audun Rikardsen Tamir Eshel 33 Berlin IMU TACTICAL GRADE Wolfgang Labuhn 74 Rome Luca Peruzzi NEW PRODUCT COLUMNS 1 Editorial 4 ESD Spotlight 41 Masthead 1:1 scale 87 Exhibition Update 92 Firms & Faces STIM318 – the latest Sensonor tactical grade Inertial Measurement Unit, IMU. Increased performance for demanding guidance and navigation applications. Index of Advertisers • ITAR free AAD 2020 73 • Small size, low weight, power and cost Aeronautics 71 • Insensitive to magnetic fi elds ARMS & SECURITY 2020 37 • Low gyro bias instability (0.3°/h) AVIASVIT 2020 81 • Low gyro noise (0.15°/√h) Bofors Test Center 57 • Low accelerometer bias instability (0.003 mg) Collins Aerospace 49 • Low accelerometer noise (0.015m/s/√h) Diehl Aviation 47, 63 • User programmable BIAS Offset Diehl Defence 8/9 • 3 inclinometers for accurate leveling ESG 25 • Weight 57 grams, volume <2cu.in, power 5V, 1.8 W Eurofighter 2nd cover STIM318 is a design that is fi eld proven in Military Land General Dynamics European Land Systems 55 navigators, Missile systems, Target acquisition systems, IDEAS 2020 17 Airborne surveillance, DIRCM, Remote Weapon KADEX 2020 31 Systems, Launch vehicles and Satellites. Lockheed Martin 4th cover Qualifi ed according to high-performance aircraft vibration rd NIMR 3 cover standard. Northrop Grumman LITEF 43 Sensonor 3 SMM 2020 23 Systematic 39 When size, performance and robustness matter Taurus 27 Theon 29, 45 [email protected] • sensonor.com 5/2020 · European Security & Defence 3 Spotlight AeroVironment Awarded used by the Army and the radios will re- forecastle as well as two 20mm guns in the $10.7M PUMA 3 AE Contract place the analogical field radios in phases. aft foredeck area. Fassmer will also provide (jh) AeroVironment, Inc has announced its A part of the performance of the software technical support and material packages. receipt of a US$10,677,987 firm-fixed-price defined radios will be created through the The vessels will be built in Guayaquil. With contract award for PUMA 3 AE systems and waveform software used in the radio. This the new vessel, the Ecuadorian Navy intends spares for the US Navy and Marine Corps way the performance of the radios can to improve its logistical capabilities, its hu- Small Tactical Unmanned Aircraft Systems be developed throughout their whole life manitarian aid capabilities, and its presence (SUAS) programme. Delivery is anticipated cycle with software development. Bittium in the Exclusive Economic Zone (which ex- by April 2020. The AeroVironment PUMA TOUGH SDR radios are compatible with the tends beyond the Galapagos Islands, thus 3 AE is a man-portable unmanned aircraft software defined Bittium Tactical Wireless IP far into the Pacific Ocean). In addition to system designed for land and maritime op- Network™ (TAC WIN) system already used search and rescue (SAR) and the protection erations. The hand-launched PUMA 3 AE by the Finnish Defence Forces. Under the of fisheries and natural resources, the Navy has a wingspan of 2.8 metres, weighs 6.8 terms of the contract, the Finnish Defence is also involved in the fight against illegal kilogrammes and can operate for up to 2.5 Forces have an option to purchase addition- drug trafficking.