ARCTIC in SITU DATA AVAILABILITY Date: 09/12/2019

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ARCTIC in SITU DATA AVAILABILITY Date: 09/12/2019 EEA/IDM/15/026/LOT1 Issue: 2.1 ARCTIC IN SITU DATA AVAILABILITY Date: 09/12/2019 Framework Service Contract EEA/IDM/15/026/LOT 1 for Services supporting the European Environment Agency’s (EEA) implementation of cross-cutting activities for coordination of the in situ component of the Copernicus Programme Services ARCTIC IN SITU DATA AVAILABILITY Erik Buch, Marianne Sloth Madsen, Jun She, Martin Stendel, Ole Krarup Leth, Ann Mari Fjæraa, Mikael Rattenborg Issue: 2.1 Date: 09/12/2019 EEA/IDM/15/026/LOT1 Issue: 2.0 ARCTIC IN SITU DATA AVAILABILITY Date: 08/11/2019 [DOCUMENT RELEASE] Name(s) Affiliation Coordinated by: Erik Buch EuroGOOS Contributions: Marianne Sloth Madsen DMI Jun She DMI Martin Stendel DMI Ole Krarup Leth DMI Ann Mari Fjæraa NILU Mikael Rattenborg Consultant Erik Buch EuroGOOS Approval: Henrik Steen Andersen European Environment Agency Prepared for: European Environment Agency (EEA) Represented by: Henrik Steen Andersen (Project Manager) Contract No. EEA/IDM/15/026/LOT1 [Change Record] Version Date Changes 1.0 31/05/2019 First draft release 1.1 26/06/2019 Updated first draft release 1.2 31/08/2029 Updated first draft release Updated version after evaluation meeting with 2.0 08/11/2019 representatives from Copernicus Services and Satellite component 2.1 96/12/2019 Updated version after review by Matthew Fry 2 EEA/IDM/15/026/LOT1 Issue: 2.0 ARCTIC IN SITU DATA AVAILABILITY Date: 08/11/2019 List of content Executive Summary __________________________________________________________________________________ 5 1. Introduction ______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 2. Requirements for Arctic In Situ Data __________________________________________________________ 9 2.1. Meteorology _____________________________________________________________________________________ 9 2.1.1 Introduction to C3S ______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 2.1.2 C3S Requirements for Arctic in situ data ________________________________________________________________ 9 2.2. Atmospheric composition ______________________________________________________________________ 11 2.2.1 Introduction to CAMS ________________________________________________________________________________ 11 2.2.2 Use of Arctic in situ data in CAMS ___________________________________________________________________ 12 2.2.2.1. The overall CAMS requirements _________________________________________________________________ 12 2.2.2.2. The CAMS validation activity (CAMS-84) requirements _________________________________________ 14 2.3 Ocean _________________________________________________________________________________________ 14 2.3.1 Introduction to CMEMS ______________________________________________________________________________ 14 2.3.2 Requirements of in situ observations in the Arctic ____________________________________________________ 15 2.3.2.1 Arctic MFC (ARC MFC) ____________________________________________________________________________ 15 2.3.2.2 TACs _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 17 2.3.2.3 Oceanographic data requirements for C3S _______________________________________________________ 20 2.4. Cryosphere ______________________________________________________________________________________ 22 2.5 Copernicus Space Component ___________________________________________________________________ 22 3. Overview of existing Arctic in situ data _____________________________________________________ 25 3.1. Meteorology ____________________________________________________________________________________ 25 3.1.1. Freely available data ________________________________________________________________________________ 25 3.1.2. Data with restricted availability _______________________________________________________________ 32 3.2. Atmospheric composition ______________________________________________________________________ 33 3.2.1. Freely available data ________________________________________________________________________________ 33 3.2.2. Data with restricted availability ____________________________________________________________________ 42 3.3. Ocean ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 43 3.3.1 Data with open access ______________________________________________________________________________ 46 3.3.1.1 Water temperature and salinity __________________________________________________________________ 46 3.3.1.2 Currents ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 51 3.3.1.3 Sea level and waves _______________________________________________________________________________ 53 3.3.1.4 Sea ice _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 55 3.3.1.5 Biogeochemistry __________________________________________________________________________________ 56 3.3.1.6 Data identified by INTAROS _______________________________________________________________________ 60 3.3.1.7 Data usage in ARC MFC and satellite TACs _______________________________________________________ 63 3.3.15 Data with restricted availability __________________________________________________________________ 71 3.4. Cryosphere ______________________________________________________________________________________ 72 3.4.1. Freely available data ________________________________________________________________________________ 72 3.4.1.1 Ice sheets (Greenland) ____________________________________________________________________________ 73 3.4.1.2 Glaciers ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 73 3 EEA/IDM/15/026/LOT1 Issue: 2.0 ARCTIC IN SITU DATA AVAILABILITY Date: 08/11/2019 3.4.1.3 Permafrost ________________________________________________________________________________________ 74 3.4.1.4 Snow ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 74 3.4.2. Data with restricted availability ____________________________________________________________________ 76 4. Gap analysis ___________________________________________________________________________________ 78 4.1. Meteorology ____________________________________________________________________________________ 78 4.1.1. Observations do not exist___________________________________________________________________________ 78 4.1.2. Observations exist but data not freely available ___________________________________________________ 78 4.1.3. Technology gaps ____________________________________________________________________________________ 79 4.1.4. Sustainability gaps __________________________________________________________________________________ 79 4.2. Atmospheric composition ______________________________________________________________________ 79 4.2.1. Observations do not exist___________________________________________________________________________ 79 4.2.2. Observations exists but data not freely available __________________________________________________ 80 4.2.3. Technology gaps ____________________________________________________________________________________ 80 4.2.4. Sustainability gaps __________________________________________________________________________________ 80 4.3. Ocean ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 80 4.3.1 Data gaps and adequacy analysis ______________________________________________________________________ 81 4.3.3 Technology gaps _______________________________________________________________________________________ 84 4.3.4 Sustainability gaps _____________________________________________________________________________________ 85 4.4. Cryosphere ______________________________________________________________________________________ 86 4.4.1. Observations do not exist___________________________________________________________________________ 86 4.4.2. Observations exists but data not freely available __________________________________________________ 86 4.4.3. Technology gaps ____________________________________________________________________________________ 86 4.4.4. Sustainability gaps __________________________________________________________________________________ 86 5. Discussion and conclusions ___________________________________________________________________ 87 General conclusions __________________________________________________________________________________ 88 Specific thematic domain related conclusions ______________________________________________________ 89 6. Next step and recommendations ____________________________________________________________ 92 Immediate actions _________________________________________________________________________________ 93 List of Acronyms ____________________________________________________________________________________ 95 References _________________________________________________________________________________________ 100 4 EEA/IDM/15/026/LOT1 Issue: 2.0 ARCTIC IN SITU DATA AVAILABILITY Date: 08/11/2019 Executive Summary The Copernicus community’s requirements for environmental in situ data from Arctic region has been collected together with information on the existence of such data – freely available or restricted. Comparing the two sets of information reveals severe gaps in: The present Arctic Observing System – especially the central Arctic is undersampled Timely availability and quality
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