Global Monitoring Division Collaborations/Stakeholders
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Measurement of Radiation
CHAPTER CONTENTS Page CHAPTER 7. MEASUREMENT OF RADIATION ........................................ 222 7.1 General ................................................................... 222 7.1.1 Definitions ......................................................... 222 7.1.2 Units and scales ..................................................... 223 7.1.2.1 Units ...................................................... 223 7.1.2.2 Standardization. 223 7.1.3 Meteorological requirements ......................................... 224 7.1.3.1 Data to be reported. 224 7.1.3.2 Uncertainty ................................................ 225 7.1.3.3 Sampling and recording. 225 7.1.3.4 Times of observation. 225 7.1.4 Measurement methods .............................................. 225 7.2 Measurement of direct solar radiation ......................................... 227 7.2.1 Direct solar radiation ................................................ 228 7.2.1.1 Primary standard pyrheliometers .............................. 228 7.2.1.2 Secondary standard pyrheliometers ............................ 229 7.2.1.3 Field and network pyrheliometers ............................. 230 7.2.1.4 Calibration of pyrheliometers ................................. 231 7.2.2 Exposure ........................................................... 232 7.3 Measurement of global and diffuse sky radiation ................................ 232 7.3.1 Calibration of pyranometers .......................................... 232 7.3.1.1 By reference to a standard pyrheliometer and a shaded -
The Global Atmosphere Watch Programme 25 Years of Global Coordinated Atmospheric Composition Observations and Analyses
THE GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE WATCH PROGRAMME 25 YEARS OF GLOBAL COORDINATED ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION OBSERVATIONS AND ANALYSES WMO-No. 1143 WMO-No. 1143 © World Meteorological Organization, 2014 The right of publication in print, electronic and any other form and in any language is reserved by WMO. Short extracts from WMO publications may be reproduced without authorization, provided that the complete source is clearly indicated. Editorial correspondence and requests to publish, reproduce or translate this publication in part or in whole should be addressed to: Chairperson, Publications Board World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 7 bis, avenue de la Paix Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 84 03 P.O. Box 2300 Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 80 40 CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] ISBN 978-92-63-11143-2 Cover illustrations: The two photos show the changes in ozone observations from 1957 (International Geophysical Year) until now. On the left, Dobson instruments are being calibrated at the Tateno station in Japan before they are deployed to their individual stations. On the right, Dobson instruments have been set up for a modern intercomparison study. The spectrophotometers are the same, but the measurement and calibration process are now monitored by computers. NOTE The designations employed in WMO publications and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion what- soever on the part of WMO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WMO in preference to others of a similar nature which are not mentioned or advertised. -
Global Atmosphere Watch GAW
AREP GAW Global Atmosphere Watch GAW Liisa Jalkanen Atmospheric Environment Research (AER) Division WMO Secretariat AREP GAW World Meteorological Organization Independent technical UN agency 189 Members manage through WMO Congress and Executive Council Secretariat in Geneva (staff 280) Technical Departments Observing and Information Systems (OBS) Climate and Water (CLW) Weather and Disaster Risk Reduction Services (WDS) Research (RES) Atmospheric Research and Environment Branch (ARE) Atmospheric Environment Research Division (AER) Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) AREP GAW THE GAW MISSION • Systematic long-term monitoring of atmospheric chemical and physical parameters globally • Analysis and assessment • Development of predictive capability (GURME and Sand and Dust Storm Warning System) AREP GAW Components of the GAW Programme OPAG EPAC Scientifc Advisory Groups Expert Groups Ozone | UV | GHG | RG | PC ET-WDC Chapter 2.3 JSSC Aerosols | GURME Administration WMO/GAW IGACO Offices Management Ozone/UV | GHG | Air Quality | Aerosols Chapter 2.5 Secretariat NMHSs Central QA/SACs WDCs & GAWSIS CCLs WOUDC | WDCGG | WDCA Facilities WCCs | RCCs Chapter 2.4 WRDC | WDCPC | WDC-RSAT Observing Contributing GAW Stations Satellites Systems Networks Global | Regional Aircraft Chapter 3 Contributing Parties to the Systems Programs Operational Research Users & Conventions GEOSS | GCOS IGAC | SOLAS Centers Projects Applications UNFCCC | Vienna C. GMES | … iLEAPS | … AREP GAW Observations • Weather related observations (OBS) • Climate observations (GCOS) • Atmospheric -
GAW Report No. 207
GAW Report No. 207 Recommendations for a Composite Surface-Based Aerosol Network (Emmetten, Switzerland, 28-29 April 2009) For more information, please contact: World Meteorological Organization Research Department Atmospheric Research and Environment Branch 7 bis, avenue de la Paix – P.O. Box 2300 – CH 1211 Geneva 2 – Switzerland Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 81 11 – Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 81 81 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/gaw/gaw_home_en.html © World Meteorological Organization, 2012 The right of publication in print, electronic and any other form and in any language is reserved by WMO. Short extracts from WMO publications may be reproduced without authorization, provided that the complete source is clearly indicated. Editorial correspondence and requests to publish, reproduce or translate this publication in part or in whole should be addressed to: Chair, Publications Board World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 7 bis, avenue de la Paix Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 84 03 P.O. Box 2300 Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 80 40 CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] NOTE The designations employed in WMO publications and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of WMO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Opinions expressed in WMO publications are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of WMO. The mention of specific companies or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WMO in preference to others of a similar nature which are not mentioned or advertised. -
CNR4 Net Radiometer Revision: 9/13
CNR4 Net Radiometer Revision: 9/13 Copyright © 2000-2013 Campbell Scientific, Inc. Warranty “PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED BY CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC. are warranted by Campbell Scientific, Inc. (“Campbell”) to be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service for twelve (12) months from date of shipment unless otherwise specified in the corresponding Campbell pricelist or product manual. Products not manufactured, but that are re-sold by Campbell, are warranted only to the limits extended by the original manufacturer. Batteries, fine-wire thermocouples, desiccant, and other consumables have no warranty. Campbell’s obligation under this warranty is limited to repairing or replacing (at Campbell’s option) defective products, which shall be the sole and exclusive remedy under this warranty. The customer shall assume all costs of removing, reinstalling, and shipping defective products to Campbell. Campbell will return such products by surface carrier prepaid within the continental United States of America. To all other locations, Campbell will return such products best way CIP (Port of Entry) INCOTERM® 2010, prepaid. This warranty shall not apply to any products which have been subjected to modification, misuse, neglect, improper service, accidents of nature, or shipping damage. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or implied. The warranty for installation services performed by Campbell such as programming to customer specifications, electrical connections to products manufactured by Campbell, and product specific training, is part of Campbell’s product warranty. CAMPBELL EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS AND EXCLUDES ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Campbell is not liable for any special, indirect, incidental, and/or consequential damages.” Assistance Products may not be returned without prior authorization. -
Wmo/Gaw Experts Workshop on a Global Surface-Based Network for Long Term Observations of Column Aerosol Optical Properties
WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE WATCH No. 162 WMO/GAW EXPERTS WORKSHOP ON A GLOBAL SURFACE-BASED NETWORK FOR LONG TERM OBSERVATIONS OF COLUMN AEROSOL OPTICAL PROPERTIES Davos, Switzerland, 8-10 March 2004 2005 WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE WATCH No. 162 WMO/GAW EXPERTS WORKSHOP ON A GLOBAL SURFACE-BASED NETWORK FOR LONG TERM OBSERVATIONS OF COLUMN AEROSOL OPTICAL PROPERTIES Hosted by the World Optical Depth Research and Calibration Centre (Davos, Switzerland, 8-10 March 2004) Edited by U. Baltensperger, L. Barrie and C. Wehrli WMO TD No. 1287 Foreword Suspended particulate matter in the atmosphere, commonly known as aerosol by the technical and scientific community, plays a role in climate change, air quality/human health, ozone depletion and the long-range transport and deposition of toxics and nutrients. Aerosols have many sources ranging from sea spray and mineral dust that are mechanically generated by wind at the Earth’s surface to sulphates, nitrates and organics produced primarily by chemical reaction of gases in the atmosphere producing non-volatile products that condense to form particles. In addition, semi-volatile substances such as certain herbicides and pesticides can simply condense on existing particles. Aerosols range in size from molecular clusters a few nm in diameter to dust and sea salt, which can be as large as tens of µm. The dynamics of aerosol production, transformation and removal that govern size distribution and composition are affected not only by clear air processes but also by interaction with clouds and precipitation. The complexity of aerosol processes in our environment is so great that it leads to large uncertainties in our quantitative understanding of their role in many of the major environmental issues listed above. -
Air Quality Products and Services from the Global to Urban Scales
URBANIZATION AND MEGACITIES: GAW Urban Research Meteorology and Environ- IMPACT BASED FORECASTS AND RISK ment Project (GURME) GURME is an integral part of urban research and services, and BASED WARNINGS its activities include: Multiple hazards in urban areas defining meteorologial and air quality measurements that support urban forecasting Poor air quality, providing cities access to air quality numerical pre- extreme heat/cold weather and human thermal diction systems and monitoring information which stress serve as the basis for health-related prediction ser- hurricanes, typhoons, extreme local winds vices, and flooding, promoting city pilot projects for different cities to de- sea-level rise due to climate change, monstrate successful expansion of MeteoServices for ur- energy and water sustainability, ban environment issues. public health issues caused by the above, and climate change: 70% of greenhouse gas emissions Go to http://mce2.org/wmogurme/ for list of projects. from urban areas India Commonwealth Games GURME Pilot Project The Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune, Air Quality Integrated Urban Weather, Water, Environ- is spearheading the country's first major initiative named ment and Climate Services a "System of Air Quality Forecasting and Research Products and A priority of WMO is to enhance the capabilities of (SAFAR)", which was successfully tested during the com- National Meteorological and Hydrology Services in monwealth Games 2010 for National Capital Region Delhi. conducting research and providing services for cities The vision is to spread the SAFAR to other major cities in Services to deal with weather, water, climate and environmen- India. http://safar.tropmet.res.in/ tal problems. -
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
OCEANS AND THE LAW OF THE SEA: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL – PART II (2015) CONTRIBUTION OF WMO SUMMARY WMO is the authoritative voice on the state and behaviour of the Earth’s atmosphere, its interaction with the oceans, the climate it produces and the resulting distribution of water resources. The Oceans provide essential natural resources to human beings, and regulate the global climate. WMO contributes to oceans-related issues through the observation and monitoring of the ocean and climate; research on the climate and Earth systems; development and delivery of services for disaster risk reduction, including marine hazards; provision of science-based information and tools for policymakers and the general public at regional and global levels. WMO continues strengthening the global observing systems through implementation of the WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) and WMO Information System (WIS), and observing networks with partners. The WMO-ICSU-IOC-UNEP Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) serves the requirements of Members for comprehensive, continuous, reliable climate data and information, for climate monitoring, research, projections and assessments, to provide climate information and to promote sustainable development. The IOC-WMO-UNEP-ICSU Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) improves its capabilities in climate- and ocean-related services, and recognizes the importance of coastal observations and links to products for societal benefits. WMO coordinates the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) to work on sea level rise and study changes in tracks of medium-latitude storms such as tropical cyclones, which reflect the complexity and interactions among the major components of the planet – ocean, atmosphere, land and ice. -
Implementing an Integrated, Global Greenhouse Gas Information System (IG 3IS)
Implementing an Integrated, Global Greenhouse Gas Information System (IG 3IS) Oksana Tarasova 1 and James Butler 2,3 Towards a Global Carbon Observing System: Progress and Challenges 1-2 October 2013, Geneva 1WMO Global Atmosphere Watch, Geneva, CH 2WMO Commission for Atmospheric Sciences, Geneva, CH IGIS Tarasova and Butler, WMO 3Global Monitoring Division, NOAA/ESRL Boulder, CO, USA GEO-Carbon 2013 Outline • Drivers of the need for an IG 3IS • Components of an IG 3IS • What WMO is doing • An international framework beyond WMO • Beginnings of an IG 3IS IGIS Tarasova and Butler, WMO GEO-Carbon 2013 A Few Fundamentals . IGIS Tarasova and Butler, WMO GEO-Carbon 2013 Atmospheric CO 2 - The Primary Driver of Climate Change Pre-industrial level of CO 2 was 280 ppm • Atmospheric CO 2 continues + 75 ppm to increase every year within 50 years The trend is largely driven by fossil fuel emissions • The growth rate increases decadally Variability is largely driven by the Earth System • The Earth System continues to capture 50% of emissions Despite the increase in emissions Do we understand carbon cycle? IGIS Tarasova and Butler, WMO GEO-Carbon 2013 Methane is Pre-industrial CH 4 confounding was 700 ppb • After ~10yr hiatus, CH 4 began increasing again in 2007 • Cause of this increase is uncertain Sources of atmospheric CH 4 are legion CH 4 growth rate contours Renewed interest in extraction • The recent trend seems to be largely driven by emissions in the tropics and subtropics The arctic was significant only in 2007 Extraction does not seem significant – yet IGIS (Plots courtesy of E.Tarasova Dlugokencky, and Butler, NOAA) WMO GEO-Carbon 2013 400 ppm May 31, 2012 Monthly CO 2 averages reached 400 ppm for the first time at all arctic sites. -
Aer Rodrom Me Meteo S Orologi Study Gr Ical Obs
AMOFSG/9-IP/8 20/9/11 AERODROME METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATION AND FORECAST STUDY GROUP (AMOFSG) NINTH MEETING Montréal, 26 to 30 September 2011 Agenda Item 5: Observing and forecasting at the aerodrome and in the terminal area 5.1: Observations AUTO METAR SYSTEM AT CIVIL AIRPORTS IN THE NETHERLANDS: DESCRIPTION AND EXPERIENCES (Presented by Jan Sondij) SUMMARY This paper provides an overview of the AUTO METAR system used in the Netherlands. The system includes the entire technical infrastructure used for the automated generation of all meteorological aeronautical observation reports including baack-up systems and procedures. It also includes the supervision of all issued reports by a remote meteorologist who can provide additional information to ATC. Experiences of the performance and acceptance by ATC of the AUTO METAR system are reported. The process of how this was achieved is presented as well as lessons learned. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 The eighth meeting of the Aerodrome Meteorological Observation and Forecast Study Group (AMOFSG/8) led to the formation of an ad-hoc group tasked with reviewing the options for the future reporting of present weather in fully automated weather reports. More background on automated weather observations is provided in this information paper. 1.2 This information paper describes the so-called AUTO METAR system at civil airports in the Netherlands. The process of introduction and approval as well as experiences are presented. Some highlights are reported below. Details are given in the appended document entitled AUTO METAR System at Civil Airports in the Netherlands: Description and Experiences by Wauben and Sondij. (49 pages) AMOFSG.9.IP.008.5.en.docx AMOFSG/9-IP/8 - 2 - 1.3 Since 15 March 2011, the AUTO METAR system has been operational 24/7 at Rotterdam-The Hague Airport (EHRD). -
Availability of Climate Data for Water Management
AVAILABILITY OF CLIMATE DATA FOR WATER MANAGEMENT Kenneth G. Hubbard, Professor School of Natural Resources University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE. Voice: 402-472-8294 Fax: 402-472-6614 Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Evapotranspiration from crops causes depletion of soil water reserves and without rainfall or irrigation to replenish the soil moisture serious crop stress can occur. The Nebraska Automated Weather Data Network (AWDN) was initiated in 1981 in order to provide information on weather variables that effect crop water use: air temperature, humidity, solar radiation, wind speed/direction, soil temperature, and precipitation. By 2003 the public access to AWDN and related products reached 12M per year. This paper describes the Automated Weather Data Network (AWDN) and the interfaces that provide near real time climate services with emphasis on evapotranspiration (ET) or crop water use. Currently, automated weather stations are monitored daily at 54 locations in Nebraska and 10 new stations have been purchased with federal drought funds. There are over 150 stations available in a nine state region. 1.0 INTRODUCTION Several major hurdles must be cleared in order to adequately monitor climate resources. First, an adequate data collection system is needed to monitor critical variables at an acceptable sampling and delivery frequency. Second, quality control (QC) and assurance (QA) are necessary. The QC and QA, when linked to a quick response maintenance and repair capability ensures complete and accurate data for use in summaries and products. Third, regular client feedback (surveys, advisory committees, etc.) is needed in order to meet the needs of decision makers and resource managers in the targeted sectors of the economy. -
Net Radiometer
OWNER’S MANUAL NET RADIOMETER Model SN-500 APOGEE INSTRUMENTS, INC. | 721 WEST 1800 NORTH, LOGAN, UTAH 84321, USA TEL: (435) 792-4700 | FAX: (435) 787-8268 | WEB: APOGEEINSTRUMENTS.COM Copyright © 2016 Apogee Instruments, Inc. 2 CONTENTS Owner’s Manual ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Certificate of Compliance .................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Sensor Models ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Specifications ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Deployment and Installation .............................................................................................................................................................................. 9 Operation and Measurement