Women Discrimination As Reflected in Zootopia's Film

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WOMEN DISCRIMINATION AS REFLECTED IN ZOOTOPIA’S FILM BY BYRON RICH AND HOWARD MOORE

THESIS

Submitted to the Board Examination In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement For Literary Degree at English Literature Department

PINA PITRIA NIM: AI.140258

ENGLISH LITERATURE DEPARTMENT ADAB AND HUMANITIES FACULTY STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SULTAN THAHA SAIFUDDIN JAMBI 2019

iii

MOTTO

يَا أَيُّ َها ال َّنا ُس إِ َّنا َخ َل ْقنَا ُك ْم ِم ْن ذَ َك ٍر َوأُ ْنثَ ٰى َو َجعَ ْلنَا ُك ْم ُشعُوبًا َو َقبَائِ َل ِلتَعَا َرفُوا ۚ إِ َّن أَ ْك َر َم ُك ْم ِع ْندَ ََّّللاِ أَتْ َقا ُك ْم ۚ إِ َّن َّ َّللاَ َع ِلي ٌم َخبِي ٌر

The Meaning : O mankind, indeed we have created you from male and female and made you people and tribes that you may know one another. Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you. Indeed, Allah knowing and Acquainted.1 (QS. Al-Hujurat 49: Ayat 13)

Terjemahan : "Wahai manusia! Sungguh, Kami telah menciptakan kamu dari seorang laki-laki dan seorang perempuan, kemudian Kami jadikan kamu berbangsa-bangsa dan bersuku-suku agar kamu saling mengenal.Sungguh, yang paling mulia di antara kamu di sisi Allah ialah orang yang paling bertakwa. Sungguh, Allah Maha Mengetahui, Maha Teliti."

dandipikullahamanatituolehmanusia.SesungguhnyamanusiaituAmatzalimdanAmatbod oh. (QS. Al-Ahzab: 70-72)2

1Al Kalam Digital Versi 1.0, 2009, Bandung: Penerbit Diponegoro, Surat Al-Hujarat ayat 13 2Nafan Akhun, Al-Qur’an Terjemahan, (Semarang: Thoa Putra, 2007), p. 543.

v DEDICATION

First of all I would say the grateful to Allah SWT

always gives me health to finish this thesis.

I would like to dedicate this thesis to: My beloved Father, Nasir for your love, supporting and praying

My beloved Mother, NasriWati for all your patients to educate me so far, gave me a way to be the student, for your love, supporting and praying

And My beloved brothers, Hengki, GariandMy Beloved sistres, Lusi, Riri also for your supporting and praying. All of you are my diamond who Allah has given to me.

I do really want to make you happy and proud of me! Then to my friend Anisa Ruliana, Thanks for the advice, love, help, support, ideas and great experiences that we have made together..

My beloved gengs Thanks for the advice, love, help, support, ideas and great experiences that we have made together.

for your help and praying, for your inspiration

All you are the good example for me. I am so happy and grateful because living around the skilful and wise people as you all.

At last, for all people who have helped me in this thesis. I would like to proclaim;

THANK YOU SO MUCH!

ABSTRACT PinaPitria,2019 :Women Discrimination as Reflected in Zootopia’s Film by Byron Rich and Howard Moore. English Literature Department Adab and HumanitiesFaculty, State Islamic UniversitySulthanThahaSaifuddin Jambi. Supervisor I : Bahren, SS.,MA. Supervisor II : Tira Mariana,SS.,M.Hum

This thesis analyzes about the women discrimination as reflected in Zootopia’s Film by Byron Rich and Howard Moore. This study is designedto find out the kind of women discrimination as Reflected in Zootopia’s Film by Byron Rich and Howard Moore, theimpacts of women discriminations toward Judy Hopps in Zootopiafilm by Bayron Rich and Howard Mooreandtheefforts to fight discrimination. In this research, the writer used Gender discrimination theory as the main theory by Matthias Busse (2003), Cedaw (2015), Arnfinn H. MIdthoen (2013) Walby Silvia and feminist Approace by Mariam and Freeman (2011).This study is qualitative research, to collect the data the writer used documentation technique. The writer usesdescriptive analysis technique because it tries to describe the types of women discrimination, the impact of the discrimination and effort to fights the discrimination as reflected in Zootopia’s Film. The data of the research are the pictures, dialogue, which contains types of women discrimination as reflected in Zootopia’s Film. The research result shows that first;There are four kinds of discrimination that faced by Judy. They are: direct discrimination, indirect discrimination, harassment and victimization. Second, there are three impacts of women discriminations toward Judy Hopps in Zootopia’sfilm by Bayron Rich and Howard Moore they are subordination, marginalization and stereotyping.Third, there are three efforts to fight discrimination, they are speak out the own experiences, call out discrimination in public and support other campaigners.

Keyword :Gender Discrimination, Feminism, Zootopia film

ABSTRAK …… Pina Pitria,2019 :Women Discrimination as Reflected in Zootopia’s Film by Byron Rich and Howard Moore. Jurusan Sastra Inggris Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora, Universitas Islam Negeri SulthanThaha Saifuddin Jambi. Supervisor I : Bahren, SS.,MA Supervisor II : Tira Mariana,SS.,M.Hum

Skripsi ini menganalisis tentang diskriminasi perempuan sebagaimana tercermin dalam Film Zootopia oleh Byron Rich dan Howard Moore. Selain itu, penelitian ini dirancang untuk mengetahui jenis-jenisdiskriminasi perempuan sebagaimana tercermin dalam Film Zootopia oleh Byron Rich dan Howard Moore, dampak diskriminasi perempuan terhadap Judydanupayanya untuk menghadapi diskriminasitersebut. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan teori diskriminasi gender sebagai teori utama oleh Matthias Busse (2003), Cedaw (2015), Arnfinn H. MIdthoen (2013) Walby Silvia dan Pendekatan feminis oleh Mariam dan Freeman (2011).Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, untuk mengumpulkan data penulis menggunakan teknik dokumentasi. Penulis menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif karena mencoba menggambarkan jenis-jenis diskriminasi perempuan dampak dari diskriminasi tersebut dan usaha-usaha yang dilakukan untuk menghadapi diskriminasi tersebut sebagaimana tercermin dalam filmZootopia. Data penelitian ini adalah gambar, dialogdanadegan- adegan yang berisi jenis diskriminasi perempuan sebagaimana tercermin dalam filmZootopia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertama, ada empat jenis diskriminasi yang dihadapi oleh Judy; diskriminasi langsung, diskriminasi tidak langsung, pelecehan dan viktimisasi. Kedua, ada tiga dampak diskriminasi perempuan terhadap Judy Hopps dalam film Zootopia oleh Bayron Rich dan Howard Moore yaitu subordinasi, marginalisasi, dan stereotip. Ketiga, ada tiga upaya untuk memerangi diskriminasi Judy Hopps, yaitu menyuarakan pengalamannya sendiri, menyerukan diskriminasi di depan umum dan mendukung para aktivis lainnya.

Kata kunci: Diskriminasi Gender, Feminisme, film Zootopia

x ABBREVIATION

SWT : SubhanahuWata’ala SAW : ShallallahuAlaihiWasallam UIN : Universitas Islam Negeri US : The United States STS : Sultan ThahaSaifuddin

xi TABLE OF CONTENT PAGE OF TITLE...... i

APPROVAL ...... ii

LETTER OF RATIFICATION...... iii

ORIGINAL THESIS STATEMENT ...... iv

MOTTO ...... v

DEDICATION ...... vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...... vii

ABSTRACT ...... ix

ABSTRAK ...... x

ABBREVIATION ...... xi

TABLE OF CONTENT ...... xii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION A. Background of The Research ...... 1 B. Formulation of The Research ...... 5 C. Limitation of The Research...... 5 D. Purpose of The Research ...... 5 E. Significance of the research ...... 6 CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL FRAME WORK A. Discrimination ...... 7 B. Gender Discriminations ...... 8 C. Kinds of Discriminations ...... 10 D. The Impacts of Gender Discriminations ...... 11 E. The Efforts to Fight Discrimination ...... 14

xii F. Feminism Approach ...... 16 G. Review of Related Research ...... 17 CHAPTER III: METHOD OF THE RESEARCH A. Design of The Research ...... 20 B. Source of Data Collecting ...... 22 C. Technique of Data Collecting ...... 22 D. Technique of Data Analyzing ...... 23 CHAPTER IV: FINDINING AND ANALYSIS A. Kinds of women discriminations experienced by Judy Hopps in Zootopiafilm by Bayron Rich and Howard Moore ...... 25 1. Direct discrimination ...... 25 2. Indirect discrimination ...... 28 3. Harassment ...... 31 4. Victimization ...... 34 B. Impacts of women discriminations toward Judy Hopps in Zootopiafilm by Bayron Rich and Howard Moore ...... 37 1. Subordination ...... 37 2. Marginalization ...... 39 3. Stereotyping ...... 41 C. The Efforts to Fight DiscriminationinZootopiafilm by BayronRich and Howard Moore ...... 44 1. Speak Out the Own Experiences ...... 43 2. Call Out Discrimination in Public ...... 45 3. Support Other Campaigners ...... 47 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS A. Conclusions ...... 52 B. Suggestions ...... 53 REFERENCES APPENDIXES

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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Problem

Talking about literature and human’s life this cannot be separated, because literature is known as one expression human’s life when people feel happy, sad, or angry and many others feelings, they usually express feeling with written and literature work the shape of literature can be make written anything, they usually written novel and the song. Klarer Mario said that literature is referred to as the entirety of written expression, with the restriction that not every written document can be categorized as literature in the more exact sense of the word.1 It means that literature is not only focused inexperience through the language in the median but it means that work in imagination, economic or film just like in literature, present, action, images and words replicating life Film draws from the tradition of live theatre which includes techniques of staging, lighting, movement, and gestures. From the novel, the film draws from structure, characterization, theme, and point of view.2

In Literature, women‘s spirit to gain equal roles gets many responses from literary authors. Many authors response it by creating literary works thattell about women‘s experiences, such as being tortured and restricted by mining patriarchal system. Many authors dare to write about the women’s condition and their struggles to face the unfair treatment because they are aware for the equality between men and

1Klarer Mario, (2004). An Introduction to Literary Studies Second Edition, (New York: Routledge), p. 1 2 Amy Villarejo, (2007). Film Studies the1 Basic, (New York: Library of Congres,), Third Edition, p. 12.

1 women.3Usually, physical conditions about women naturally should not be used as an accused to put women in a lower position. The core of feminism is to improve women status to align or equal footing man. Goloria Watkins Stated that “They do not even think about feminism as being about rights about women gaining equal rights”4It means that woman passed through many problems, obstacles and barriers to become an important member in the society. For this reason, women have been relegated to a secondary status in society, often confined to roles in the home rather than able to accede to powerful public positions.5

In the past, a woman did not have any kinds of rights, she was isolated, neglected and mistreated by men. Thus it means women need feminism because there are women who suffer injustice. Unfortunately, In fact there are many women treated unfairly in many aspects of life. The get discrimination in aspects politics, economy, education and the social. Discrimination has helped to establish the hierarchical relationship between men and women in the society and also helped to create manyrigid gender norms that restrict women’s opportunities and stifle their development in the private and public sphere. 6

3Budi Tri Santosa, (2015). “An Analysis of the Main Female Character’s Efforts in John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath”, English Language and Literature Study Program English Education Department Faculty of Languages and Arts Yogyakarta State Univeristy, p. 4 4Goloria Watkins, (2000). Feminism is For Everybody Passionate Politics Bell Books, Sounth End Press Cambritedge, MA, p. 8 5Jane Freedman, (2001). Concepts in Social Sciences Feminism, Open University Press Buckingham Philadelphia, p. 10 6Caecilia Sri Widyaningsih, (2007). “JoseyAimes’ Efforts to Fight Women Sexual Discrimination in the Workplace as Reflected in ‘North Country’ A Film By Niki Caro”, English Department Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts SebelasMaret University, p. 5

Nowadays there are a lot of movie genres that exist in society, there are a lot of genres in film, for example, drama, thriller, action, act. the animation is a type cartoon usually this film cartoon in production from Disney Company and Disney Company already known almost all over the world with many produced Cartoon in Disney famous Oscar 2016 in Hollywood, cartoon to have been a big part of our life. Disney cartoon is everywhere in our home and school, Disney has shaped our cultural, environmental and historical lens, and has exercised tremendous power over children’s education. Walt Disney's history can be traced back to 1923, when Walt Disney and

Roy Disney set up Disney Brothers Studio in Hollywood, California. Plane Crazy, directed by Walt Disney, was the first cartoon produced by Disney studios in 1928.

And most popular to date.7

The writer is interested in choosing the Zootopia film where there are many aspects of women’s discrimination that occur in the life of Judy Hopps, in analyzing the problem the author uses feminist approach in which feminist approach specifically discusses the status and position of women in society. It means that film becomes one of the favorite entertainments among people, not only for entertainment, the film can be the media to explore the idea, opinion, and give delivering messages knowledge.8The writer chooses Zootopia’s Film by Bayron Rich and Howard Moore as her study, Zootopia is film cartoon production Disney Company animals and this film released on February 17, 2016 and directed by Bayron Rich and Howard Moore,

7Market line, (2013), The Walt Disney Company, US and Canada.p. 6 8Powell, (2007), Deleuze, Altered States and Film, (Edinburgh UniversityPress Ltd, ), p. 3

3 it tells about Judy Hopps has had the dream of being the first bunny police officer since she was a kind, but there are many people do not believe and think that she was idiot. It can be seen in the picture and dialogues below:

MajaorFrenkin :Just quit and go home, fuzzy bunny! Stu Hopps : There’s never been a bunny cup Bonnie Hopps : Never Stu Hopps : Never Gideon Grey : just a stupid, carrot farming dumb bunny9

The picture and dialogues above tell about Judy Hopps’s activities, when is in a police training camp, since the beginning of Judy Hoppsis taking part in the training she always failed and got scorn from major frenkin, the Judy Hopps goes to the cup to get rejection from the environment and family, when Judy Hopps runs at sunset after everyone else has called it a day. Judy Hopps hears the drill instructor’s voice echoing in her mind which coach tells her to go home and give up and his family who do not believe in her dream of being a police officer and her childhood’s friend are confessed and think if she is stupid.

9Duration: 00:06:43-00:06:49

Therefore the writer has an interest analyzes the film by doing research entitled“Women Discrimination as Reflected in Zootopia’s Film by Byron Rich and Howard Moore”.

B. Formulation of the Problem

Based on the background above, the writer formulates the problem as follows:

1. What kinds of women discriminations experienced by Judy Hopps in Zootopia

film by Bayron Rich and Howard Moore?

2. What are the impacts of women discriminations toward Judy Hopps in Zootopia

film by Bayron Rich and Howard Moore?

3. How does Judy Hopps’s efforts to fight womendiscriminations in Zootopia’s film

by Bayron Rich and Howard Moore?

C. Limitation of the Research

In this study, the writer limits the analysis of the discrimination experienced in the life of Judy Hoops. The writer also analyzes the impact and efforts of Judy as seen in Zootopia’s film by Bayron Rich and Howard Moore.

D. Purpose of the Research

Based on the problems statements mentioned above, the purpose of this research are:

1. To find out kinds of women discriminations experienced by Judy Hopps in

Zootopia film by Bayron Rich and Howard Moore.

2. To find out the impacts of women discriminations toward Judy Hopps in

Zootopiafilm by Bayron Rich and Howard Moore.

3. To find out the Judy Hopps’s efforts to fight women discriminations in Zootopia’s

film by Bayron Rich and Howard Moore.

E. Significance of the Research

The writer hopes that research will give contribution to people in understanding about feminism and useful for the writer herself, to reader and give the information positive in this film and knowledge especially about a feminism like Huda

Faris Said “means women need feminism because there are women who suffer injustice”.10 and the analysis can be made useful as reference about gender women discrimination, also for English literature department student and lecture, this research will help of the readers or people to understand about feminism in film. Biased that, this research can give contribution to the society and others.

10Zara Huda Faris, Article:”Do Women Need Feminism”, Muslim Debate Intiative, 2013. p.

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK A. Discrimination

Discrimination in general is a behavior which deals with the way people act toward members of other groups and it consists of behaving differently toward people based on their membership in a social group. The term discrimination usually refers to acting in an unfair or demeaning manner or to giving someone an undeserved advantage.11Discrimination is a kind of discrimination which is based on the gender role. The issue of discrimination has been widely discussed in literature and the mass media sources. Discrimination usually puts women in disadvantages because individuals still perceive that women and men should occupy different social roles.The issue of discrimination is associated with human values and the socially constructed process of developing values in humans.

This theory helps to explain the necessity of struggle for equal rights in the workplace, at home, and in other public places. This theory speaks for the increased role of diversity in human society.Culture provides a record of how women and men have lived and been committed to live over the course of human history. Women’s lives have been limited by constraints placed on them by male-dominated societies.

They have been prevented from working in some professions and were assigned

11Arnfinn H. Midtboen, Determining Discrimination, Department of Sociology and Human Geography Faculty of Social Sciences University of Oslo, 2013. p. 25

7 7 secondary roles such as “ home-maker”, despite being as talented as men at more public occupations.12

The identity of men and women is constructed through cultural practices and images over time. They focus on the ideal of masculinity and femininity. The qualities and characteristics of the gender ideals may not be biologically. It is distinguish by the cultural norms and ideals concerning masculinity and femininity from biological sexuality. Each of us was born with a clear biological sexual identity in most instances. However, we learn behavior appropriate to that biological sexual identity fromculture.

Traditionally, women had been assigned secondary social roles by men, who monopolized resources and power for themselves. Women’s portrayed in literature and culture was often quite negative and in keeping with power structure that kept women in a secondary social position.Any acts that limit the rights of a person based on the sexual difference is considered as gender discrimination that make a person cannot have the full freedom to do anything he or she likes in many aspects of life.

B. Gender Discriminations

Gender discrimination happens as the cause of different treatment based on gender that applied by the society. distinction, exclusion or preference made on the

12Samosir, Kurnia, “Discrimination Against American Women In 1990s As Depicted In Nothing Lasts Forever by Sidney Sheldon’s Novel, Institute from Islamic Shulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi, 2013.

8 basis of race, colour, sex, religion and political.13 The inequality and gender discrimination also affect both women and men. It means that gender discrimination does not occur because of difference in sex, but it is different treatment because of their gender. According to Cedaw ketidak adilan Gender adalah pembatasan peran, pemikran atau perbuatan perlakuakn yang berakibat pada terjadinya pelanggaran atas pengakuan hak asasi, persamaan hak antar perempuan danlak-laki.14It means that gender discriminationis unequal or disadvantageous treatment of an individual or group of individuals based on gender. According to Ariffah in Cedaw’s journal state that:

Cedaw memiliki tiga prinsip utama.Pertama, prinsip equality, yaitu upaya melihat persamaan substantif terhadap laki-laki dan perempuan. Kedua, prinsip nondiskriminasi, baik diskriminasi jenis kelamin maupun pemenuhan kebebasan dasar serta Hak Asasi Manusia. Ketiga, prinsip kewajiban atas negara, dalam hal ini negara adalah pemeran utama yang bertanggung jawab atas terwujudnya pesamaan bahwa negara peserta adalah aktor utama yang memiliki tanggung jawab untuk memastikan terwujudnya persamaan hak laki-- laki dan perempuan dalam menikmati semua hak ekonomi, sosial, budaya,sipil, dan politik15

From the quotation above it can be known that this different treatment creates a distinction on the roles and social position between women and men. Because of the discrimination, women suffer a lot of social restrictions on private life and social life.

In private life, women suffer from restrictions to participate beyond her role.

Meanwhile, in social life, women suffer from restrictions to participate in

13Matthias Busse, (2003). Gender Discrimination and the International Division of Labour, Hamburg Institute of International Economics, Germany. p. 3 14Cedaw, “Ketidakadilan Gender danKekerasanTerhadapPerempuan”, JurnalMappiFhui, 2015, p. 2 15AriffahMelantiAgustina, “Hak-Hak Perempuan Dalam PengarusutamaanRatifikasi Cedaw Dan Maqāṣid Asy-Syarī‘Ah”, jurnalAl-Ahwal, Vol. 9, No. 2, Desember 2016, p. 204

9 social.16Based on two types experienced limitations, there are causes and effects that are important to understand.

C. Kinds of Discriminations

There are kinds of discrimination it can be seen in the explanations below:

1. Direct discrimination

Perhaps the simplest and most common form, this type is unfair treatment

of others because of different characteristics because. Direct discrimination occurs

when individuals or groups are treated uneven because of their ethnic background

and they will do discrimination in front of the people itself. 17

2. Indirect discrimination

Indirect discrimination can occur when some regulations inadvertently

endanger members of several racial groups this type of discrimination is usually

less obvious than direct discrimination and can often be unintended.18 And indirect

discrimination, by contrast, refers to situations in which individuals or groups are

treated equally according to a set of seemingly neutral rules or procedures, but

when put into practice these rules favors members of one ethnic group over

members of another.19

16Walby, Sylvia, Theorizing Patriarchy. Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd, 1990. p. 46 17Arnfinn H. Midtboen,(2013).Determining Discrimination, Department of Sociology and Human Geography. p. 25 18Guidance, (2017). Equality and Discrimination,p. 15 19Arnfinn H. Midtboen, Determining Discrimination, p. 26

3. Harassment

Harassment is a form of discrimination which includes unwanted physical

or verbal behavior that offends or insults which can be caused by gender and race,

it must also have the effect of violating a person's dignity or creating intimacy,

hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment for that individual. 20That

means harassment can be written in words, or written words, images or jokes.

4. Victimization

Victimization is a bad treatment that someone receives. The victimization

survey is a picture of a dark figure of a crime that is not reported or recorded by

the police or other authorities.21This mead that victimization can occur in an office

environment where a person gets unpleasant treatment and is discrimination by

attitudes and friends.

Based on the explanations above it can be concluded that there four kinds

of discrimination such as Direct discrimination, Indirect discrimination,

Harassment and Victimization. The writer will use this theory to find out kinds of

women discriminations experienced by Judy Hopps in Zootopia film by Bayron

Rich and Howard Moore.

D. The Impacts of Gender Discriminations

There are many forms of discrimination committed in the life of the community and the state and cause a considerable impact on victims, especially

20Guidance, (2017). Equality and Discrimination,p. 16 21Guidance, (2017). Equality and Discrimination, p. 18

11 women, according toWalby there are many impacts from discrimination. It can be seen below:22

1. Subordination

Statessubordination is to put women under male supremacy. It can be seen

on the participation of women and women’s roles regulated male. For example,

men should be in charge of a family, while women only are charge in kitchen. The

impact of the women‘s subordination is that creating a discriminatory role that

women cannot be a leader. The role of women is only obeying the men‘s

commands because they are subrdinate. This is in contrast with men who have the

power or supremacy. When a social rule has been defined to men, the social

leadership will automatically be given to men, not women. As a result, women

should follow their duty as a follower women perform this work under the

patriarchal relations of production for the benefit of their husband.23

2. Marginalization

Marginalization is to put women in a position that is not important in the

family and society. In home, women's role is only in the kitchen, and it is regarded

as unimportant role. For that reason, education for women is only necessary. In

other words, women has been pushed into the inferior that having lack of social to

active in the private and public life. They also have constructed to be far from a

22Cedaw, “Ketidakadilan Gender danKekerasanTerhadapPerempuan”, JurnalMappiFhui, 2015, p. 3 23Walby, Sylvia, (1990). Theorizing Patriarchy,( Oxford: Basil Blackwell Ltd Press), p. 54

sense of ability to be decision-makers.24This can be seen in the workplace. In the

workplaces, the high position for women is only taking the charge in undecided

division. It means that society believes that they do not deserve on taking

important roles to decide something. although women get work, women still do

not take a charge in a division that decides the policy or something.

3. Stereotyping

As a result of the stereotypes that occur in the social environment or

family, there is an artistic steoroetip between men and women where women are

demanded to be passive and weak in contrast to men, which in turn is said to be

leading and earning a living, Gender stereotypes can come in the form of

characteristics such as: women are emotional, women are caring, men are strong,

and men are the heads of the household.25

This phenomenon cause a gender discrimination because women cannot

determine theirself. According to Richin O'Reilly“the term motherhood refers to

the patriarchal institution that is male-defined and controlled and is deeply

oppressive to women”26. Motherhood is a patriarchal term to deter, organize, and

dominate women. Motherhood, which is the creation of patriarchal system, is a

frame of women's roles which determine the norms, roles and tasks for women.

The determination creates an oppressive act for women. For example, in the

societies, women have duties, roles and responsibilities to take care of children.

24Walby, Sylvia, Sylvia, (1990). Theorizing Patriarchy,p. 55 25Kayla Marie Krahn, Reel Women: Gender Stereotypes in Film, Eastern Michigan University, 2015. p. 6 26O‘Reilly, Andrea, Motherhood. Albany, State University of New York, 2004. p. 2

Based on the explanations above it can be concluded that there three kinds,

the writer will use this theory to find out the impact of women discriminations

toward Judy Hopps in Zootopia film by Bayron Rich and Howard Moore.

E. The Efforts to Fight Discrimination

There are three ways the efforts to Fight Discrimination as Andrey

Shastriproposed, it can be seen below:27

1. Speak Out the Own Experiences

It’s important, if the person feel comfortable, to call out our own

experiences of discrimination. This could be highlighting sexist remarks made by

our friends or peers or reporting harassment on public transport. It’s important to

note that there are dangers associated with calling others out on their behavior.

People may not like to have their viewpoints challenged; they may react in a

negative or aggressive way, so if our instincts tells us that a situation is too risky,

our own safety is the priority. Often the best course of action when discrimination

is experienced is to alert an authority figure of a member of staff on public

transport, or where relevant our teacher or our boss or friends and family. The

more they are made aware these issues are happening, the more they will be

encouraged to step in and be part of the solution.28

27 Andrey Shastri, (2011). “Gender Inequality and Women Discrimination”, IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 19, Issue 11, Ver. VII, hal. 5 28DaratullailaNasri, “Ketidakadilan Gender TerhadapPerempuanDalam Novel PadusiKaryaKa’bati”, p. 226

2. Call Out Discrimination in Public

Write to advertisers, marketers and media outlets if we come across stories that portray women and girls in a reductive or unfair way. Are there gender stereotypes in our textbooks at school? Does an advert in our city objectify women? Does a film we have watched have fewer speaking roles for women? Find out who is responsible and write to them to let them know our thoughts. Also vote with our feet. Do not support entertainment that is disrespectful to girls and women and does not represent their true power, potential, talent and diversity.

3. Support Other Campaigners

A great way to make a big effect in the pursuit of gender equality is to join with others. Seek out local campaign groups. Join or set up school or university societies for gender equality and female leadership. There is strength in numbersmore voices tackling a particular issue means they are more likely to be heard. Helping to raise the profile of campaigns by other marginalised groups is a vital part of ending discrimination. For example, girls from a minority or indigenous community may experience racism as well as sexism. Be their allies and lend ourvoice to their causes. 29

Based on the explanations above, it can be concluded that there three kinds of the efforts to fight discrimination, such as speak out the own experiences, call out discrimination in public and support other campaigners. The writer will use

29 Andrey Shastri, (2011). “Gender Inequality and Women Discrimination”, hal. 5

this theory to find out the Judy Hopps’s efforts to fight women discriminations in

Zootopia’s film by Bayron Rich and Howard Moore.

F. Feminism Approach

Feminism is a movement to equal women and the man who do not see gender and women equal accesses to legal politic, social and economic. Feminist terms are often misunderstood in ordinary people because of the lack of security of feminists, whereas feminists are concerned about the position of women in the community who are often in positions that are not intended, the term feminist was born in the 1960s who refused discrimination against women because of sex to end this injustice.30

Feminist appear in the community and society's pressure on women and male domination in the aspect of society. Social education also influences the thoughts and actions of women in the general position. According to Miriam and Freeman:

Feminist approachforms the basis for the study of the experiences of women insociety, specifically of women's status andposition within that society, on the premise that women's experience semerge from lts social, pomical and economi structure.31

Woman passed through many problems, obstacles and barriers to become an important member in the society. Thus it means women need feminism because there are women who suffer injustice Women must change social constructions that cause the inequality for them. In other words, women must believe feminism in order to eliminate the subordination. According to Beasley feminists believe that women must

30Charvet, (1982).Modern Ideologies: Feminism. London: J.M. Dent and Sons Limited, p. 53 31Miriam and Freeman, (2011). Women’s Issues: Feminism and Social Work. Journal of Social life, Vol 4 No II, p. 136

16 not have been treated unjustly and oppressed and that something needs to be done about this, but it does not follow from this that any consensus is available as to precise forms this oppression or injustice takes, or as to how they should be remedied.32 The explanation shows that women have suffered discrimination as an effect of a false system that seeing women as second class on civilization. Then, the role of feminism becomes a tool to sensitize women toward the false system in order to detach them from gender discrimination.

G. Review of Related Research

There are five review of related research that the writer was found. The first researcher is from Institute from Islamic Shulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi, 2013She is

Kurnia Samosir with the title “Discrimination Against American Women in 1990s as

Depicted in Nothing Lasts Forever by Sidney Sheldon’s Novel33. She analyzed about discrimination against women during 1990s in American, based on facts obtained in the novel Nothing Lasts Forever. In this analysis her analyzed three main characters in novel nothing lasts forever which got discriminated against women in 1990s and their struggle against discrimination, she uses feminism theory and sociological approach.

The result of her research is to find the discrimination against toward three character that’s are they get sexual abusing, intimidation, verbal abusing, race discrimination in

32Beasley, (1999).What is Feminism?An Introduction to Feminist Theory. California: Sage Publication Inc, p. 27 33Samosir, Kurnia, “Discrimination Against American Women In 1990s As Depicted In Nothing Lasts Forever by Sidney Sheldon’s Novel, Institute from Islamic ShulthanThahaSaifuddin Jambi, 2013.

17 their life. And their struggle against discrimination has an the good impact on their lives

The second research is from Institute from Islamic Shulthan Thaha Saifuddin

Jambi, 2017 she is Ririn Angraeni with the title “The Struggle of The Main Character to Realize Her Dream as Seen in The Zootopia Film ”34she analyze about the struggle of a female rabbit named Judy Hopps aspiring to become a police officer but no one supports her, she uses descriptive qualitative methods and psychological approach, in the purpose of this research is to find out what are the types of struggles and the business of judy hopps to achieve the goal of being a police officer, The results of her research found that there are three types of judy hopps struggle in achieving their dreams, among them, struggle with one-self, struggle with others and struggle with the environment.

Thirdly research is from Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University Malang,

2015, she is Zahrani Nurul Ngabidah with the title “Gender Discrimination Suffered by Character in Jane Austen’s persuasion”35. This research focuses of this study on gender discrimination that occurred in female leaders in the novel persuasion by Jane

Austen. Which in the novel received bad treatment in the form of self and injustice.She uses feminism theory by Naomi Wolf and discrimination approach, The results of her research from the persuasion of Jane Austen's novel in the novel describe the discrimination that occurred in the community, he found two gender

34AngreaniRirin, “The Struggle Of The Main Character To Realize Her Dream As Seen In The ZootopiaFilm ”, from Islamic ShulthanThahaSaifuddin Jambi, 2017. 35ZahraniNurulNgabidah, “Gender Discrimination Suffered by Character in Jane Austen’s persuasion”, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University Malang, 2015.

18 discrimination through an individual approach and perspective (family and community), where women there were not allowed to work or be educated in the 18th century.

From the related research review, the same point from the research “Women

Discrimination As Reflected In Judy’s Hopps Film Zootopia” with their research is that the similarity of theories used are the theory of feminism and sociological approaches and discrimination but they use different films or characters. However, the author focuses on the cause and effect of discrimination against Gambling Hopps and how he faces discrimination.

CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH A. Design of Research

In writing this thesis, the writer uses descriptive qualitative research that is suitable with the aim of this research. Qualitative research may be in descriptive form.

The data collects in the form of words as a descriptive explanation than a number. The result of the research contains quotation from the data to illustrate and substantive the presentation. Descriptive research is a research which aims to describe a phenomenon accurately based on the characteristic of research, where the data are analyzed through interpreting, not statistical analysis. According to Denzin and Lincoln define:

“Qualitative research is multi method in focus, involving an interpretive, naturalistic approach to its subject matter. This means that qualitative researchers study thing in their natural settings, attempting to make sense of or interpret phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them. Qualitative research involves the studied use and collection of a variety of empirical materials-case study, personal experience, introspective, life story, interview, observational, historical, interactional, and visual texts-that describe routine and problematic moments and meaning in individuals’ lives. ”36

From the quotation above qualitative research is a method in focus, naturalistic approach to it is subject matter. It means that qualitative researchers study thing in their natural settings, attempting to make sense of or interpret phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them.

the writer uses journals , article, watching film and read the book to make itclear that those data collected by the writer in form of words or quotation that taken

36Denzin and Lincoln in John W. Creswell,20 (1997). Qualitative Inquiry And Research Design. (United States of America: California). p. 15

20 from the Zootopia’s film by Bayron Rich and Howard Moore other sources.

Descriptive is: “the positivist perspective stems from the long history of naturalistic in real world situations”37According to Merriam in his book also stated that “Qualitative research is planning a research project can be compared to planning for a variation trip”. 38So, qualitative research is analyzing about descriptive data and is it a process to do a research such as writer or spoken, at the person who is observed in this research, where qualitative research also analyzing about the data from outside which the data still not right. Qualitative research method is the method that rely on research through libraries that rely on data that is almost entirely from the library.

It means that qualitative research is analyzing about descriptive data such as writer or spoken, at the person who is observed in this research, where qualitative research also analyzing about the data from outside which the data still not right. 39 By using this qualitative research, the writer felt easy to analyze the film. Based on those statements, it can be concluded that qualitative research is analyzing about descriptive data that is collected is in the form of the situation of the natural object. Where descriptive data such as writer or spoken, by using qualitative research a writer can answer about the question in analyzing the Feminism in Judy Hopps’ Characterization reflected as seen in Zootopia’s film by Bayron Rich and Howard Moore.

37Given, L.M (2008). The SAGE Encylopedia of Qualitative Research Method. (SAGE Puplication Inc: California). p. 863 38 Merriam, S.B(1998). Rualitative Research and Case Study Applications in Education. (New York City).p. 3. 39Yamin, M (2009). Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan dan Sosial Kualitatif danKuantitatif, (Jakarta: GaungPersada Press). p. 186

B. Source of the Data

The data will be taken from Zootopia film by Bayron Rich and Howard Moore.

This film released on February 17, 2016 with the duration 1:48:32 minutes. The primary data in this research are discriminations experienced by the female character

Judy Hopps, the writer uses script, and also the picture and the dialogues in the film

Zotoopia film by Rich and Howard Moore.

C. Technique of Data Collection

In other get the information in this research, writer uses library research. In this research, writer uses documentation technique to get the data and the data from the film. Sugiyono stated that “Dokumen merupakan catatan peristiwa yang sudah berlalu. Dokumen bisa berbentuk tulisan, gambar atau karya-karya monumental dari seseorang. ”40There are some steps of the technique of the data collection that will be done by the writer in this research, these are:

1. Downloading the Film

The writer downloads the Zootopia’s film by Bayron Rich and Howard

Moorefrom Movie 21 Online. com and takes the script from the Subscene.

2. Watching the Film Repeatedly

The writer watches the Zootopia’s film by Bayron Rich and Howard Moore

Ball repeatedly and takes the datathat related to the research questions

3. Reading the Script and Marking the Sentences

40Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif, R & D, (Bandung: Alfabeta). p. 243

The writerwatches and reads the script and marks the words or sentences that

related to the research questions

D. Technique of Data Analysis

The writer had several techniques from the data analysis, in order to make this research more specific. In qualitative research, technique analysis data is used to answer the formulation of the problem. 41 In analysis the data, the writer used a technique of data analysis. In this thesis, the writer uses documentation technique descriptive analysis because this research is descriptive. It is why the writer describes, analysis the data that had been found in in the Zootopia’s film by Bayron Rich and

Howard Moore Ballto find the answer the formulation of the problem that have been formulated. The steps of techniques of data analysis are:

1. Identifying and Classifying the Data

The writer identifies and classifies the data that related to the research

questions

2. Describing the Data

After the data have identified and classified, the writer describes the data based

on the research questions

3. Analyzing the Data

The writer analyzes the data based on the gender discrimination Theory which

only focuses on discrimination in the Zootopia’s film by Byron Rich and

Howard Moor

41Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif. R & D. p. 243

4. Making the Conclusion

After all the data have described and analyzed the data the writer makes the

conclusion of the research.

CHAPTER IV FINDINING AND ANALYSIS

A. Kinds of Women Discriminations Experienced by Judy Hopps in Zootopia

Film by Bayron Rich and Howard Moore

1. Direct Discrimination

The simplest and most common form, this type is unfair treatment of others

because of different characteristics because. Direct discrimination occurs when

individuals or groups are treated unequally because of their gender, especially as a

woman and people done discrimination in front of the people themselves directly.

This kind of discrimination toward woman can be seen from the conversation

between Judy and Gideon Grey (Judy’s childhood friend). It happened when

Gideon directly blame Judy’s dream in front of people who watched the drama

was performed by Judy. it can be seen in the picture and dialogues below:

Picture 142

Judy :I am going to be... a police officer! Gideon Grey : Bunny cop? That is the most stupidest thing I ever heard43

42Duration: 00:02:44,880 --> 00:02:47,565 25 43Duration: 00:02:44,880 --> 00:02:47,565

Based on the picture and dialogues above can be seen that for the first time

Judy conveyed her ideals in the way of the drama she played. She said she wanted to create peace by becoming a police officer. Something very new that she wants to have in her group because Judy is a rabbit who is usually only a carrot farmer but she has different idea from other rabbits that she wants to be a Bunny cop. Her desires make her got underestimated and someone said that it was impossible to do by a rabbit because of that she was directly discriminated against by others because she was deemed inappropriate and even impossible to become a police officer.

Secondly, The direct discrimination experience by Judy is when Judy and her parent are having a dialog, after Judy’s drama performance, they go home, on the way her parents told to Judy that become a bunny cop was something impossible done by rabbit family it can described on the picture and dialogues bellow:

Picture 244 Bon : impossible even, for youto become a police officer

44Duration: 00:03:32,080 --> 00:03:34,401

Stu : Right. There's never been a bunny cop Bon : No Stu : Bunnies don't do that Bon : Never Stu : Never45

Based on the picture and dialogues above told about how the way Judy got direct discrimination from her parents. Her parents said that something that impossible a rabbit become a police officer, because a rabbit is destined to become a farmer not a police officer that was in the mind of Judy's parents.

The third, the direct discrimination experienced by Judy Hopps was described when Judy face mayor Bellwether when she want to meet chief Pogo to give evidence about the case of lose predator. Mayor Bellwether was a sheep and wants to be leader for other animal especially for predator but the effort was prevented by Judy. It seen in her conversation with the Mayor bellwether below:

Picture 346 Mayor Bellwether : Well, you should have just stayed...on the carrot farm, huh? Judy : It really is too bad.I... I did like you.47

45Duration: 00:03:37,320 --> 00:03:38,321 46Duration: 01:30:33,440 --> 01:30:34,646 47Duration: 01:30:36,320 --> 01:30:38,800

Based on the picture and dialogues above showed about direct discrimination who done by Mayor Bellwether to Judy. Mayor Bellwether said that Judyask Mr Big for help in finding evidence of the Judy case should have lived in the carrot garden not in the mayor or become a police officer. because women rabbits are small and weak should only be carrot farmers do not hold positions in Zootopia.

From the pictures and dialogues above could be described that there are some Direct discriminationreflected in Judy experience’ssuch as Judy that wanted to be a policewoman but Judy got direct discrimination from others. They said that something that impossible a rabbit become a police officer, because a rabbit is destined to become a farmer not a police officer that was in the mind of other people.

2. Indirect discrimination

Indirect discrimination can occur when some regulations inadvertently

endanger members of several racial groups this type of discrimination is usually

less obvious than direct discrimination and can often be unintended. And indirect

discrimination, by contrast, refers to situations in which individuals or groups are

treated equally according to a set of seemingly neutral rules or procedures, but

when put into practice these rules favors members of one ethnic group over

members of another.

The indirect discrimination toward woman can be seen when Judy entered

to police academy. The coach gives to speech for the police candidate. The coach

28 indirectly discriminate Judy as the first policewomen candidate ever. It can be seen in the picture and dialogues below:

Picture 448

Coach : Well, he was right about one thingI don't know when to quit.Listen up, cadets. Zootopia has 12 unique...ecosystems within its city limits.Sahara Square...Rainforest District, to name a fewYou're gonna haveto master all of them...before you hit the streets,or guess what?You'll be dead!49

From the picture and dialogues above showed that Judy got indirect discrimination, it began when she entered the police academy to become a bunny cop for the first time in history at that time the coach explained about the training that was immediately faced by prospective police and the obstacles were very heavy. the coach discriminates indirectly by saying the words "You'll be dead!" in fact the sentence was utterances for all police candidates but indirectly the police coach assumed that Judy would not be able to pass the training period that would take place that sentence was intended for everyone with a point of view directed at Judy as if it underestimated Judy's ability that it way it categorized as indirect discrimination.

48Duration: 00:02:44,880 --> 00:02:47,565 49Duration: 00:02:44,880 --> 00:02:47,565

The indirect discrimination that got by Judy was about neighbor insult.

Judy’s neighbor told about the ugliness of Judy that accidentally heard by Judy. it can be seen in the situation experienced by Judy below:

Picture 550

Judy’s neighbor : Hey, buddy, turn downthat depressing music.Leavethe meter maid aloneDidn't you hear her conversation? She feels like a failure!51

From the picture and dialogues about told about Judy that got indirect discrimination from her neighbor. It happened when she back in her dormitory in her first duty as the meter made. In the bad room she heard her neighbor told about her ugliness as the meter made duty. As the policewomen the meter made was a bad duty. The conversation of Judy’s neighbor was an indirect discrimination that got by Judy.

The next indirect discrimination that got by Judy was about her neighbor also. It about the Judy’s neighbor believes that Judy cannot make the other day in her life be better than before. Indirect form of discrimination got by Judy was her neighbor told each other beside Judy’s bad room. Her neighbors not told directly

50Duration: 00:27:40,320 --> 00:27:42,891 51Duration: 00:27:47,360 --> 00:27:48,441

30 in front Judy but they told each other so Judy heard their conversation. It can be prove in the picture and dialogues below:

Picture 652

Judy’s neighbor 1 : Oh, shut up! Judy’s neighbor 2 : You shut up! Judy’s neighbor 1 : You shut up! Judy’s neighbor 2 : You shut up! Judy : Tomorrow's another day. Judy’s neighbor 1 : Yeah, but it might be worse!53

From the picture and dialogues above proved that Judy got indirect discrimination from other people. Judy just got her parents video call in her phon.

Judy’s neighbor heard conversations between Judy and her parents. In that conversation Judy hopps her next day was good day. Neighbor said Yeah, but it might be worse!.

3. Harassment Harassment is a form of discrimination which includes unwanted physical or verbal behavior that offends or insults which can be caused by gender and race, it must also have the effect of violating a person's dignity or creating intimacy, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment for that individual. That means harassment can be written in words, or written words, images or jokes.

52Duration: 00:27:52,840 --> 00:27:54,569 53Duration: 00:27:54,760 --> 00:27:56,967

The thirds of women discriminations experienced by Judy was about

Harassment where Judy Hopps got physical violence committed by Gedeon who is Judy’s childhood friend. It can be seen in the picture and dialogues below:

Picture 754 Judy : Cut it out, Gideon Gideon : Baa! Baa!What are you gonna do? Cry? Judy : Hey! You heard her. Cut it out Gideon : Nice costume, loserWhat crazy world are you living in where you thinka bunny could be a cop?55

Based on the pictures and dialogues about can be seen that Judy got bullying from Gideon. It happened when Gideon disturbs other animals and Judy came to help them, Gideon got angry to Judy. Judy was clawed by a big fox that was a fox. Gedeon clawed and abused Judy because he did not accept being prevented from disturbing other animals. The physical violence that Judy received was categorized as Harassment discrimination.

54Duration: 00:04:21,280 --> 00:04:22,645 55Duration: 00:04:32,640 --> 00:04 :34,927

Physical action was one of kind’s effects of Judy discrimination where Judy

get the violence physical from the other people. It can be known with the picture

and dialogue below:

Picture 856 Mr. Big: Say hello to Gram-mama. Ice 'em.57

From the picture and dialogue above can be known that Judy and Nick got the physical violence from Mr. Big mean to ice them because they have known by Mr.

Big when they want to collect the evidence for predators lose case. The evidence was in the Mr. Big car. Mr. big give the punish them with ice them.

The next harassment discrimination that got by Judy was done by Mayor

Bellwether. It can be seen in the picture and explanation below

56Duration: 00:49:33,240 --> 00:49:36,005 57Duration: 00:49:36,280 --> 00:49:39,602

Picture 958

From the picture above showed that Judy got injure cause of Mayor Bellwether who want Judy gave the evidence Mayor Bellwether, Judy was open the true clue about the predator lose case. All of the problems come from Mayor Bellwether that wants to be leader in the Zootopia. Judy was injured by Mayor Bellwether in her leg that cause she cannot run anymore, verbal behavior that got by Judy was categorized as harassment discrimination.

4. Victimization Victimization is a bad treatment that someone receives. The victimization

survey is a picture of a dark figure of a crime that is not reported or recorded by the

police or other authorities. This mead that victimization can occur in an office

environment where a person gets unpleasant treatment and is discrimination by

attitudes and friends.

The victimization was a other kinds of discrimination experienced by Judy

Hopps. It happened when Judy entered the office for the first time and met the other

58Duration: 01:30:39,000 --> 01:30:41,526

34 police. Judy was the only women in the room. She got discrimination in there when the chief Pogo gave a speech. It can be prove with the conversation below:

Picture 1059 Chief Bogo : There are some new recruitswith us I should introduce...but I'm not going to...because I don't care.60

Based on the picture and dialogues above can be seen that. Judy Hopps on the first mission when she received as the first bunny cop in Zootopia at that time the team had duty to solve the missing mammal’s case Judy got unfair treatment by the head of police officer at first the head of police officer did not care about introducing Judy as the new bunny cop.

Picture 1161

59Duration: 00:15:29,800 --> 00:15:32,167 60Duration: 00:16:05,360 --> 00:16:06,361 61Duration: 00:15:00,360 --> 00:15:03,120

Chief Pogo : Finally, we have 14 missing mammal cases.All predators, from a giant polar bear...to a teensy little otter.And City Hall is right upmy tail to find them.This is priority number one Assignments Officers Grizzoli...Fangmeyer, DelgaYour teams take missing mammals...from the Rainforest District. Officers McHorn, Rhinowitz, Wolfard Your teams take Sahara Square.Officers Higgins, Snarlov, Trunkaby. Tundra town And finally, our first bunny...Officer Hopps. Parking Duty62

From the picture and dialogue above described about the situation that faced by Judy when the first time entered the police officer. In the office then when share the duty Judy only got parking duty while the other got the duty to search the missing mammal’s case. It did not fair that is way it categorized as victimization discrimination.

From the pictures and dialogues above showed that there are four kinds of discrimination that faced by Judy the first one was about direct discrimination where Judy face other bad opinion about her dreams became a policewoman, the second was about indirect discrimination faced by Judy. The couch thought Judy would not be able to pass the training period to became a bunny cop the third was about Harassment is a form of discrimination which includes unwanted physical that got by Judy Hopps and the last was victimization was a bad treatment that Judy receives while Judy got many direct discrimination rather than indirect discrimination, Harassment and victimization.

62Duration: 00:15:05,360 --> 00:15:56,361

B. The Impacts of Women Discriminations Toward Judy Hopps in Zootopia

Film by Bayron Rich and Howard Moore

1. Subordination

Statessubordinationis to put women under male supremacy.It can be seen