International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 119 No. 15 2018, 629-634 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ Special Issue http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/
REMOVAL OF TOXIC METALS FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER USING GROUNDNUT SHELL
T.Aarti Sowmya1, E.Gayavajitha2, R.Kanimozhi3, R.Subalakshmi4* 1,2,3 Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Vel Tech Multi Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 4* Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Vel Tech Multi Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai, [email protected], Corresponding Author.
Abstract: Toxic heavy metal contamination of industrial wastewater is an important environmental problem. Many industries such as electroplating, pigments, metallurgical processes, and mining and leather industries release various concentrations of heavy metals. Metal ions such as cadmium, nickel, chromium, copper, lead, zinc, manganese and iron are commonly detected in both natural and industrial effluents. Heavy metal pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems today. The collected steel effluents from Sastha electroplating industry located at Ambattur estate, Chennai. By using methods like chemical precipitation, chemical coagulation for removing metal ions from effluents. These processes may be effective or inexpensive, the heavy metal ions are present in high concentrations. Adsorption process is one of the efficient methods for the removal of heavy metals due to its simplicity, easiness in handling, availability of various adsorbents and more efficiently removes the heavy metals at lower concentration levels. This necessitates the use of groundnut shell for adsorption of heavy metals. At initial stage, both zinc and chrome water having high concentration of toxic metals after the treatments the concentration level is reduced and it is recharged into ground water. Keywords: Industrial waste water, Toxic metals, Aluminium sulphate, Sodium hydroxide, Filters, Activated carbon
Introduction: The removal of toxic metals Literature Survey: in industrial waste water. It is useful for R Malik , D S Ramteke & S R Wate et ground water recharge and free from land al.,(2006)[3] explains about the activation and water pollution. An experimental work of char with zinc chloride results in is carried out in an effective and considerable modification of its textural inexpensive manner. and adsorption properties. The results indicate that Groundnut Shell based
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Powdered Activated Carbon (GSPAC) characterisation of adsorbent properties are could be employed as low-cost alternative analysed. Recently, efforts have been adsorbent to commercial activated carbon made to use cheap and readily available in the wastewater treatment for removal of agricultural wastes such as coconut shells, acid dyes. They mainly explains about the orange peel, rice husk peanut husk and activation of char with zinc chloride to test saw dust as adsorbents to remove heavy its adsorptive nature. metals from waste water. We use GunatilakeS.k et al.,(2015)[1] explained groundnut shell as the adsorbent. about the Physical and other common chemical methods produce toxic sludge which is unable to settle within industries. Although chemical cost is high chemical treatments is one of the most suitable treatments for toxic inorganic compounds produced from various industries which cannot removed from any biological and physical techniques. Physical separation techniques are primarily applicable to particulate forms of metals, discrete particles or metal bearing particles. ACTIVATED CARBON (GROUNDNUT SHELL): Groundnut shell is washed thoroughly, dried, crushed, powdered and sieved to 2mm.Heat in electrical furnace at 400c for 30 minutes. The powder is impregnated by zinc chloride for 24 hours at 100±5c and carbonized at 650◦c for 15 minutes. Then it is treated with Hcl for removing of zinc chloride. The char is treated with hot distilled water for FIG.1 ACTIVATED CARBON removing chloride and acidity. The POWDER (GROUNDNUT SHELL)
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The prepared activated carbon is mixed The formed flocs are removed using the with the water from the flocculation filters by keeping then four few hours. process . Once the carbon is mixed with Then the water is taken and the prepared the solution the reaction starts between the activated carbon is now added into it for activated carbon and the waste treated the removal of the remaining heavy water. The activated carbon prepared from concentration of metals. In the process by the groundnut shell is absorbed the heavy adding the activated carbon the adsorption concentrated material such as zinc and the process is taken place . The activated chromium from the industrial waste water. carbon after mixing in water kept for 1day Only those with the heavy toxic metals are so that the adsorption takes place and the benefit by these activated carbon process toxic metals are removed. Then the water and they are absorbed and the toxic is now made reduced to reduce the alkality concentration are reduced. by adding Hydro Chloric Acid into it. Now Hence the ash that are mixed with the the water is having the quality to recharge water after the absorbed process the water into the ground are in muddy state and the colour are TESTING AND RESULTS changed due to the addition of the pH test and the Concentration test ash(activated carbon).In order to remove the water free from the ash particles we To find the power of hydrogen can be filter the water after the adsorption tested by using the ph meter and for the process. So the water are collected with concentration test the Atomic Adsorption the low toxic concentration. Equipment is used following are the Experimental methodology apparatus and procedures of the test. The collected water is first undergone for a. Water samples the ph and the concentration test, after that b. Ph meter the water sample is increased the ph range c. Atomic adsorption 9 by adding sodium hydroxide so the d. alkality of the water is increased . Then the e. Beaker flocs are formed in the surface of the water f. Electrodes i.e here the chemical precipitation process g. Coagulants takes place.The metals with the heavy concentration are float in the form of flocs
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pH test the effective methods which does not cause any environmental problems. Finally INITIAL pH FINAL the toxic metals have been completely SAMPLE VALUE pH Value adsorbed by the groundnut shell ash. The Zinc Plated 6.63 6.8 water quality ranges its normality on ph Water and concentration. The treated water Chrome Plated 5.82 6.1 should consists of toxic metals as per the Water Concentration test pollution control board which should not exceeds that level. It should not cause any PARA INITIAL FINAL METER harmful effect towards the living VALUES VALUES mg/L organisms and does not affect the SAMPLE 1 2 1 2 environmental system. The treated should Arsenic 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 be balanced in their pH and its Cadmium 0.017 0.01 0.08 0.01 concentration. Initially the pH range of Chromium 0.024 136 0.012 0.85 zinc plated water is 6.63 and after the Lead 0.016 0.03 0.014 0.03 treatment process the range of pH is 6.8. For chrome plated water initially ph range Zinc 285 37 0.75 1.2 is 5.82 and the final range is 6.1.The initial concentration range of zinc plated water is 285 (zinc) and after treatment process the 1. Zinc Plated Water concentration range is 0.75. For chrome 2. Chrome Plated Water plated water initial concentration is 136 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (chromium) and final concentration range The toxic metals in the industrial waste is 0.85. water can be removed upto the minimum REFERENCES: concentration range of pollution control 1. Dingwang Chen, Ajay K. Ray board. pH and the concentration test have Removal of toxic metal ions from been done to analyse its normal limitation wastewater by semiconductor of CGWB. Here we collected steel Photocatalysis, Jour nal Chemical effluents from Sastha electroplating Engineering Science 56 (2001) industry located at Ambattur estate, 1561}1570. Chennai. 2. Gunatilake S.K. (2015) Methods of Chemical precipitation and coagulants are
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