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Adec Preview Generated PDF File Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement No. 63: 9-50 (2001). Checklist of the fishes of Western Australia J. Barry Hutchins Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Francis Street, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia INTRODUCTION Western Australia is uniquely advantaged by Western Australia has the longest coastline of all being the only Australian State with comprehensive the Australian States, covering approximately tropical and temperate elements in its fish fauna. 12500 km .and over 21 degrees of latitude. It is The nearshore tropical species of its northern seas bathed by waters of fluctuating quality that in rival those of Queensland's Great Barrier Reef in general reflect changes in latitude and bathymetry. diversity (Hutchins, 1999), and have much in The shallow nearshore waters encompass several common with southern Indonesia and other areas major biogeographic regions, namely the tropical of the Indo-West Pacific (AlIen and Swainston Dampierian Province in the north and the 1988). Its temperate fauna shares many species with temperate Flindersian Province in the south; the southern and south-eastern Australia, as well as two meet on the central west coast in a broad possessing a distinctive endemic component overlap zone that Hutchins (1994) referred to as the (Hutchins, 1994). Subtropical species inhabiting the Leeuwin Province. These two regions support central west coast are found nowhere else in markedly different ecosystems: coral reefs and Australia, although many have apparent sister mangroves characterise the north, whereas rocky species at similar latitudes on the east coast. reefs and seagrass beds exemplify the south. The Western Australia lacks many of the nearshore cold overlapping zone supports elements of both temperate fishes of Victoria and Tasmania regions. This biogeographic complexity is enhanced (Hutchins, 1994), but its outer shelf and slope further by the variation of its shelf waters, the species have much in common with those of other deeper, colder seas of the south coast and Great States. Nevertheless, the slope fauna was recently Australian Bight contrasting the warm, relatively shown (Williams et al., 1996) to include a prominent shallow seas of the North West and Sahul shelves. number of undescribed species. The purposes of the Additionally, the inclusion within the State's present paper, therefore, are firstly, to report on this boundaries of three groups of offshore coral atolls ­ biodiversity in the form of a an up-to-date checklist Rowley Shoals, Scott/Seringapatam reefs and of all known marine and freshwater fishes of 1 Ashmore Reef - greatly augments the biotic Western Australia, and secondly, to provide diversity. They lie either on or just off the shelf information on the sources utilised - both published break and support flora and fauna more atuned to and unpublished - to prepare this list. The latter the rich Indonesian region to the north. The shelf covers the past 25 years, but does not include break also marks the start of a distinctive deepwater unpublished reports that are either not readily biota that inhabits waters of the continental slope available through research libraries or which lack region. In contrast, freshwater plants and animals substantive results. Furthermore, taxonomic occupy inland waterways where bathymetry plays reviews that are often a source of distributional data a minor role but latitudinal partitioning of tropical generally have not been incorporated for brevity. and temperate elements is still prominent. Without Unfortunately not all of the species listed in these doubt, Western Australia is capable of supporting sources have been verified so this list must be aquatic life forms of immense variety, none more so considered tentative. It will be updated as new than its 3 000 species of fishes. information becomes available (it is proposed to 1 Ashrnore Reef is administered by the Commonwealth of Australia. 10 J.B. Hutchins make these updates available through the Western Common names for the families have also been Australian Museum's web site). provided, but suitable names for a number of them could not be found. Introduced species are also included, although SPECIES LISTS not all of the 20 species concerned are still found in The first list of Western Australian fishes was Western Australia. Some are translocated species prepared by Woodward (1902), and totalled 157 (see Morrissy, 1995), whereas others were species. Whitley (1948) increased this to accidently introduced in ships' ballast water approximately 740 species, a figure that was (Pollard, 1990) (all are denoted by the word subsequently doubled by AlIen (1985) to 1540. The "introduced" in square brackets). present list totals 3,127 species, and is indicative of The list contains undescribed species as well as the high level of survey activity that has occurred in species of uncertain identity; these are all cited with the State over the past thirty years. Numerous State the sources of their discovery in square brackets. and Federal Government agencies were involved, Many of those with uncertain indentities were most conducting investigations of specific regions collected from deep waters (e.g. see Williams et al., and/or faunas. For example, commencing in the 1996), and current and future investigations may early 1970's, the Western Australian Museum result in many of these being described as new (e.g. surveyed many coastal, offshore and riverine Iwamoto and Williams, 1999). localities from the Great Australian Bight to the Many of the scientific names used here for the Kimberley. This study concentrated on reef fishes, first time (in a list of Western Australian fishes) but inhabitants of seagrass beds, trawling grounds, represent new records, but others are emended mangroves and freshwater habitats also were names for species that were earlier misidentified. targeted. In addition, Commonwealth Scientific The latter is an ongoing process, and future listings Research Organisation (CSIRO) Marine Research of the State's fishes will doubtlessly include has undertaken an extensive trawling program in alternate names for some of these species. For this offshore waters since the late 1970's, particularly reason, no attempt has been made to indicate which in the North West Shelf area, and the State's names represent emendations; instead the reader is Fisheries Department was involved in a similar advised to check the latest generic or family reviews program along the west and south coasts. The of the pertinent taxa. Furthermore, most new latter also investigated estuarine and embayment records for the State have been cited in the sources fishes, especially in the south west, and more listed below, so they are not specially indicated recently has been working on line and trap-caught here. species of the north west. The Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) has been studying the fishes of Ningaloo Reef and the offshore atolls ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS since 1993, while the Department of Conservation I would like to thank RA How and M.S. Harvey and Land Management (CALM) has recently who invited me to contribute a checklist of fishes commenced an investigation of sites showing for this publication. In addition, the following gave potential for marine reservation. Murdoch invaluable advice on particular families: G.R Allen University examined estuarine fishes of the south (Pomacentridae, Apogonidae), AC. Gill (Pseudo­ west, and subsequently expanded this chromidae), D.F. Hoese and H.K. Larson (Gobiidae, investigation to include freshwater and Eleotrididae), RH. Kuiter (Syngnathidae, Apogon­ embayment species of the area. Many of these idae), T.A Munroe (Cynoglossidae, Soleidae), J.G. studies are still in progress, and new additions to Nielsen (Bythitidae, Ophidiidae, Carapidae), J.E. the State's fish list continue to be made. Randall (Labridae, Acanthuridae) and A Williams The species list presented below is arranged (Macrouridae, Bathygadidae). D. Polack and J. phylogenetically by family following Yearsley et Pogonoski provided many suggestions and helped al. (1997). A total of 289 families are represented, erradicate numerous errors in an early draft of the the most abundant being the Gobiidae with 229 paper. Finally the constructive criticisms of two species. This by far surpasses the next most referees, G.K. Yearsley and G.R AlIen, improved abundant family, the Labridae, which contains 130 this paper significantly. species, and is followed by the Serranidae (108 species), the Pomacentridae (106 species), the Apogonidae (98 species), the Scorpaenidae (75 SOURCES AND REFERENCES species) and the Myctophidae (67 species). Most of Numerous publications and unpublished reports these families are comprised of reef species from were soureed, particularly the excellent list of shallow waters, the exception being the Australian fishes produced by CSIRO Marine Myctophidae whose members inhabit ocean Research (Yearsley et al. 1997). Other major sources depths to about 1000 m (Paxton et al., 1989). include: Fishes 11 Allen, G.R. (1974). Part 8. Freshwater fishes. In Miles, Swan-Avon river system, Western Australia. Records J.M. and Burbidge. AA (eds), A biological survey of ofthe Western Australian Museum 8: 1-55. the Prince Regent River Reserve, north-west Coleman, J. (1997). Marine reserve, implementation Kimberley, Western Australia. Wildlife Research programme. Results of the biological survey of the major Bulletin Western Australia 3: 89-96. benthic habitats of
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