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PALAFITO IGLÚ RUCA TIPI www.mimontessori.org YURTA WIGWAM MALOCA BARRACA www.mimontessori.org RIAD HANOK MINKA PLANK HOUSE www.mimontessori.org TRULLO CASA EN LA TIERRA IZBA MUDHIF www.mimontessori.org WEALDEN HALL HOUSE HARE PAENGA CHAUMIÈRE CABAÑA PASIEGA www.mimontessori.org PALAFITO IGLÚ RUCA TIPI www.mimontessori.org YURTA WIGWAM MALOCA BARRACA www.mimontessori.org RIAD HANOK MINKA PLANK HOUSE www.mimontessori.org TRULLO CASA EN LA TIERRA IZBA MUDHIF www.mimontessori.org WEALDEN HALL HOUSE HARE PAENGA CHAUMIÈRE CABAÑA PASIEGA www.mimontessori.org SON VIVIENDAS APOYADAS EN UNA SERIE GENERALMENTE TIENE UNA FORMA DE DE PILARES QUE LAS MANTIENEN EN CÚPULA Y ESTÁ CONSTRUIDO CON ALTURA. NORMALMENTE LAS PODEMOS BLOQUES DE NIEVE, EVIDENTEMENTE SE ENCONTRAR EN ZONAS COMO LAGUNAS, UTILIZAN EN ZONAS HELADAS COMO LA LAGOS Y CAÑOS, AUNQUE A VECES ANTÁRTIDA Y ALASKA. SUELEN ASOCIARSE TAMBIÉN SE PUEDEN VER EN LA ORILLA A LOS ESQUIMALES, YA QUE LOS DEL MAR. ALGUNOS DE LOS PAÍSES QUE CAZADORES SOLÍAN CONSTRUIRLOS LOS CONSTRUYEN SON ARGENTINA, COMO REFUGIO TEMPORAL, PERO COLOMBIA, BENÍN, CHILE Y PERÚ, ENTRE REALMENTE EXISTEN IGLÚES QUE SIRVEN OTROS. AUNQUE HAY EVIDENCIA COMO VIVIENDA PERMANENTE SI EL ARQUEOLÓGICA DE QUE EN LA EUROPA TAMAÑO ES ADECUADO Y SE MANTIENEN PREHISTÓRICA TAMBIÉN SE UTILIZABA UNA CORRECTAMENTE. VIVIENDA SEMEJANTE. PALAFITO IGLÚ ESTA ES LA VIVIENDA TRADICIONAL DE LA ESTE TIPO DE CASA ES ORIGINARIO DE LOS TRIBU MAPUCHES, QUE HABITA EN CHILE Y PUEBLOS NATIVOS DE ESTADOS UNIDOS. ARGENTINA. SE TRATA DE CASAS DE GRAN CONSISTE EN UNA TIENDA CON FORMA TAMAÑO, ENTRE LOS 120 Y 240 METROS DE CONO CUBIERTA POR PIELES DE CUADRADOS, CONSTRUIDAS ANIMALES Y SUJETA CON PALOS DE ÚNICAMENTE CON MATERIALES MADERA. LO MÁS IMPORTANTE ES QUE ES NATURALES. EL TECHO ESTÁ FORMADO UNA VIVIENDA TRANSPORTABLE, POR LO GENERALMENTE POR JUNQUILLO O QUE ERA PERFECTA PARA EL MODO DE CUALQUIER TIPO DE PAJA BRAVA. SÓLO VIDA DE ESTOS PUEBLOS. ADEMÁS, TIENE UNA PUERTA Y ESTÁ SIEMPRE QUEDA RESGUARDA DE LAS TEMPERATURAS MIRANDO AL ESTE. ANTIGUAMENTE, PARA EXTREMAS Y DE LA LLUVIA, GRACIAS A LAS CONSTRUIR UNA RUCA TENÍAS QUE PEDIR PIELES DE LOS ANIMALES. PERMISO AL ESPÍRITU NGEN-MAPU. RUCA TIPI www.mimontessori.org TIENE UNA ESTRUCTURA REDONDEADA Y SU INTERIOR ES DIÁFANO, HA SIDO ES PROPIA DE ASIA CENTRAL Y USADA UTILIZADA POR ALGUNOS PUEBLOS POR LOS PUEBLOS NÓMADAS DESDE LA INDÍGENAS EN EL SUROESTE Y OESTE DE EDAD MEDIA. TIENE UNA FORMA EEUU. SU FORMA CURVA OTORGA UN REDONDEADA Y AUNQUE ACTUALMENTE REFUGIO TANTO PARA CUALQUIER HAN CAMBIADO LOS MATERIALES DE TEMPERATURA Y FUERON LA INSPIRACIÓN CONSTRUCCIÓN EL RESTO DEL SISTEMA ES DE LAS CASAS DE LOS PRIMEROS IGUAL. AHORA LA TIENDA ESTÁ REVESTIDA COLONOS. PARA AGUANTAR ESTA CON UNA TELA IMPERMEABLE, PERO FORMA, SE COLOCAN PALOS DE MADERA ANTIGUAMENTE SE CUBRÍA CON PAJA O COMO ESTRUCTURA Y SE CUBRE, CON CON PIEZAS DE LANA. CAÑA, PAJA, JUNCOS O CORTEZAS DE ÁRBOL, PIELES DE ANIMALES… YURTA WIGWAM TIENE UN GRAN TAMAÑO YA QUE SE EN LA COMUNIDAD VALENCIANA Y TRATA DE UNA CASA COMUNAL MURCIA ENCONTRAMOS ESTAS ANCESTRAL. LA CONSTRUYEN Y LA CONSTRUCCIONES QUE SERVÍAN COMO UTILIZAN LOS INDÍGENAS DEL AMAZONAS CASAS PARA LOS LABRADORES. HOY EN Y VARÍA SEGÚN LA ZONA, LA CULTURA Y DÍA PODEMOS ENCONTRAR EJEMPLOS, LA TRIBU QUE LA CONSTRUYA, AUNQUE AUNQUE HAY GRAN DESUSO DE ESTAS CUMPLE UNA SERIE DE REQUISITOS VIVIENDAS. DESTACA POR SU TEJADO IGUALES. LA ESTRUCTURA SE HACE CON TRIANGULAR CON UN MARCADO MADERA DE EUCALIPTO, DENTRO DE ELLA ÁNGULO, LAS PAREDES SE CONSTRUYEN SE HACEN TODAS LAS ACTIVIDADES DE CON LADRILLOS Y TAMBIÉN SE EMPLEAN LAS FAMILIAS QUE LA HABITAN, COMO CAÑAS, JUNCOS O CARRIZOS. COCINAR, ALMACENAR LOS PRODUCTOS HABLAMOS DE UNA CASA QUE SOLÍA SER DE CAZA Y SIEMBRA, ADEMÁS DE LA VIVIENDA DEL DUEÑO DE LAS TIERRAS CONVIVIR. DONDE SE CULTIVABA. MALOCA BARRACA www.mimontessori.org TÍPICAS VIVIENDAS ÁRABES QUE LLEVAN EL MISMO NOMBRE QUE “JARDÍN” Y QUE ESTA ES LA VIVIENDA TRADICIONAL QUE PODEMOS ENCONTRAR, SOBRETODO, EN PODEMOS ENCONTRAR EN COREA. LLEVA MARRUECOS. ES ALGO PARECIDO A LAS MUCHOS AÑOS (DESDE EL 57 A.C.) ANTIGUAS VILLAS ROMANAS, CON TRANSMITIÉNDOSE DE GENERACIÓN EN VARIOS PISOS Y VIVIENDAS QUE DAN A GENERACIÓN SIN CAMBIAR NINGUNO DE UN PATIO INTERIOR COMUNITARIO, EL LOS ASPECTOS BÁSICOS DE LA VIVIENDA. CUAL SUELEN ADORNAR CON ÁRBOLES O PARA SU CONSTRUCCIÓN SE UTILIZA FUENTES. TODAS LAS PAREDES SON BARRO, VIGAS DE MADERA, TEJAS Y REVESTIDAS CON AZULEJOS CROMADOS CLAVOS. O MOSAICOS. RIAD HANOK EN JAPÓN PODEMOS ENCONTRAR ESTAS CASAS TRADICIONALES DE LOS AGRICULTORES, ARTESANOS Y LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS DEL NOROESTE COMERCIANTES. TIENE UNA ESTRUCTURA DEL PACÍFICO CONSTRUÍAN SUS CASAS BÁSICA Y LA FORMA DE SU TECHO ES LO CON TABLONES DE MADERA DE CEDRO. QUE LA HACE ESPECIAL, EL TAMAÑO EL ERA UNA CASA COMUNAL LARGA, SE TIPO DE CONSTRUCCIÓN Y LA PODÍA ENCONTRAR EN ALGUNAS DECORACIÓN DEPENDÍA DE LA REGIONES DE INDONESIA Y ESTADOS SITUACIÓN CLIMÁTICA Y DE LA SITUACIÓN UNIDOS. EL TECHO SOLÍA ESTAR TORCIDO ECONÓMICA DEL DUEÑO. PARA SU HACIA ALGUNA DE LAS CARAS PARA TEJADO SE UTILIZABAN GRANDES VIGAS DIRIGIR EL AGUA DE LA LLUVIA. DE MADERA QUE SE IBAN CRUZANDO ASÍ NO SE NECESITABAN PILARES EN EL CENTRO DE LA VIVIENDA. MINKA PLANK HOUSE www.mimontessori.org SE PUEDE ENCONTRAR EN DIFERENTES REGIONES DE TODO EL MUNDO, PERO EN LA REGIÓN DE APULIA, ITALIA, SOBRETODO FUERON FRECUENTES PODEMOS ENCONTRAR ESTAS ANTIGUAS DURANTE LA CRISIS DEL PETRÓLEO EN CONSTRUCCIONES RURALES HECHAS ESTADOS UNIDOS. SE TRATA DE UNAS CON MUROS DE MAMPOSTERÍA DE VIVIENDAS CONSTRUIDAS PIEDRA EN SECO. TENÍAN FORMA CÓNICA APROVECHANDO LAS FORMACIONES Y SOLÍAN ESTAR DECORADOS CON GEOLÓGICAS DE TIERRA PARA HACER FIGURAS QUE HICIESEN REFERENCIA A LO GRANDES MUROS QUE LA ESPIRITUAL, Y MÁGICO. RESGUARDASEN DE LAS TEMPERATURAS EXTREMAS. TRULLO CASA EN LA TIERRA VIVIENDA TRADICIONAL RUSA HECHA ESTA VIVIENDA ES LA CASA TRADICIONAL CON MADERA Y MANTENIENDO LA QUE LOS MADAN (ÁRABES QUE VIVEN EN ESTRUCTURA DE LAS GRANJAS LOS PANTANOS DEL SUR DE IRAK). ESTÁ CONVENCIONALES DE RUSIA. HECHA CON CAÑAS TEJIDAS, LAS ANTIGUAMENTE LAS TABLAS DE MADERA COLUMNAS SE HACEN CON CAÑAS MÁS SE UNÍAN CON CUERDAS YA QUE GRUESAS Y RESISTENTES Y LAS MÁS FINAS CUALQUIER OTRO ELEMENTO ERA CARO SE EMPLEAN PARA EL REVESTIMIENTO DE PARA LA GENTE QUE VIVÍA EN ESTAS LA ESTRUCTURA, QUE TIENE FORMA DE ZONAS RURALES. EL ELEMENTO CENTRAL TÚNEL. EN REALIDAD ES UNA CASA DE LA CASA ERA UNA ESTUFA QUE PODÍA COMUNAL QUE SUELE ESTAR PAGADA Y OCUPAR HASTA UN CUARTO DE LA MANTENIDA POR UN JEQUE LOCAL PARA SUPERFICIE TOTAL. USO DE LOS HUÉSPEDES. IZBA MUDHIF www.mimontessori.org UNA VIVIENDA TRADICIONAL DEL SURESTE DE INGLATERRA, SOLÍA SER CONSTRUIDA ES UN TIPO DE VIVIENDA QUE POR UN TERRATENIENTE QUE SE LA PODÍA ENCONTRÁBAMOS EN LA ISLA DE PERMITIR. ES UNA ESTRUCTURA DE PASCUA, MUCHO ANTES DE LA LLEGADA MADERA CON GRANDES ESTANCIAS EN DE LOS ESPAÑOLES. TENÍA FORMA DE SU INTERIOR. EN SUS ORÍGENES, HABÍA UN BARCA Y ERA MUY ALARGADA, EL TECHO GRAN HUECO EN EL TECHO A MODO DE ESTABA HECHO CON MATERIAL VEGETAL VENTANAL, PERO CON EL PASO DE LOS EN TRES CAPAS: UNA CAPA DE TOTORA, AÑOS ESE ACABÓ SIENDO EL LUGAR DE OTRA DE HOJAS DE CAÑA DE AZÚCAR Y LA CHIMENEA. LAS HABITACIONES DEL UNA CAPA DE HIERBA. SE TRATABA DE PISO SUPERIOR SOLÍAN SER MAYORES QUE UNA CASA COMUNAL. LAS DEL INFERIOR, Y POR ESO SE VE QUE LA BASE ES MENOS ANCHA. WEALDEN HALL HOUSE HARE PAENGA EN MUCHAS REGIONES DE LA EUROPA OCCIDENTAL PODEMOS ENCONTRAR ESTE VOLVEMOS A ESPAÑA, EN LA REGIÓN DE TIPO DE VIVIENDAS. SU NOMBRE VIENE CANTABRIA SE DA ESTE TIPO DE VIVIENDA DADO POR EL RECUBRIMIENTO DE PAJA POPULAR MIXTA, QUE SIRVE COMO QUE TIENE, Y ES QUE ESTÁ HECHO DE LOS VIVIENDA Y TAMBIÉN COMO ESTABLO. MATERIALES QUE SE ENCONTRABAN EN POR LO GENERAL SON CASAS DE DOS LAS ZONAS. PRINCIPALMENTE, LOS PLANTAS; LA DE ABAJO ES EL ESTABLO TABIQUES ESTABAN HECHOS DE VIGAS DE PARA ANIMALES Y LA PLANTA SUPERIOR SE ROBLE Y PARA QUE FUESEN IMPERMEABLES DESTINA A LA VIVIENDA. LOS TECHOS SE PONÍAN TAN INCLINADOS Y ALARGADOS. CHAUMIÈRE CABAÑA PASIEGA www.mimontessori.org .
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  • DE ARQUITECTURA Y ARQUEOLOGÍA

    DE ARQUITECTURA Y ARQUEOLOGÍA

    Luis Maldonado Ramos - Fernando Vela Cossío Colabora Jaime Maldonado Ramos DE ARQUITECTURA y ARQUEOLOGÍA Edita Editorial Munilla-Lería Autores Luis Maldonado Ramos Fernando Vela Cossío Jaime Maldonado Ramos (Capítulo III) Diseño Luis Miguel Gibert María Fullaondo Fotografías Luis Maldonado Ramos y Fernando Vela Cossío Dibujos Fernando Pasero Alonso, Luis Maldonado Ramos y Fernando Vela Cossío Fotomecánica Graficinco, S.A. Impresión Graficinco, S.A. Los textos de este libro, así como la documentación gráfica y fotografías han sido facilitadas por el autor. Ninguna parte de esta publicación, incluido el diseño de la cubierta puede reproducir­ se o almacenarse con ningún medio químico, eléctrico, fotocopia, etc., sin la debida autorización por parte de esta editorial. ©Editorial Munilla-Lería Avda. Filipinas, 30 • 28003 Madrid. España Telf /Fax: (91) 554 87 47 Marzo 1998 l.S.B.N.: 84-89150-21-4 Depósito Legal: M. 41.241-1998 Printed in Spain - Impreso en España Agradecimientos: A Javier de Cárdenas y Chávarri, Catedrático de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, por la confianza y el apoyo que siempre nos ha prestado. A Martín Almagro-Garbea, Catedrático de Prehistoria de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, por las orientaciones recibidas en las largas conversaciones que hemos mantenido con él y que nos han permitido materializar algunas de las hipótesis de trabajo que se exponen en este libro. Madrid, Octubre de 1997 L.M.R. y F.V.C. PROLOGO A lo largo de los últimos veinte años ha venido desarrollándose en nuestro país una política de protección, conservación y rehabilitación del Patrimonio Arquitectónico que, a pesar de sus desiguales resultados y su tantas veces escasa dotación económica, ha permi­ tido afrontar de forma sistemática el mal estado general del patrimonio inmueble de carác­ ter histórico-artístico.
  • Indexing Agency

    Indexing Agency

    Journal of Art, Architecture and Built Environment (JAABE) Volume No.2 Issue No. 2 Fall 2019 ISSN: 2617-2690 (Print) 2617-2704 (Online) Journal DOI: https://doi.org/10.32350/jaabe Issue DOI: https://doi.org/10.32350/jaabe.22 Homepage: https://journals.umt.edu.pk/index.php/JAABE Journal QR Code: A Literature Review of Early Housing Units: History, Indexing Article: Evolution, Economy and Functions Agency Rumana Khan Shirwani Author(s): Muhammad Kamran Ayesha Mehmood Malik Online Pub: Fall 2019 Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.32350/jaabe.22.04 Article QR Code: Shirwani, R. K., Kamran, M., & Malik, A. M. (2019). A literature review of early housing units: History, To cite this evolution, economy and functions. Journal of Art, article: Architecture and Built Environment, 2(2), 53–79. Crossref For more This article is open access and is distributed under the terms of Please Click Creative Commons Attribution – Share Alike 4.0 International Here Copyright License Information A publication of the School of Architecture and Planning University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan. A Literature Based Study of Early Housing Units: History, Evolution, Economy and Functions Rummana Khan Sherwani* Muhammad Kamran Ayesha Mehmood Malik Abstract Housing and its evolution constitutes an important study for all councils. This paper limns the encyclopaedic timeline of housing from the times of pre-urban dwellings of nomadic, semi-nomadic, and sedentary agricultural societies to the present day, while focusing on the chunks of a comprehensive architecture, history and anthropology. A detailed literature review made it evident that early urban dwellings were insular and extended around an internal patio.