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Waterton-Glacier Guide 2014

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Waterton-Glacier Guide 2014 Celebrating the World’s First International Peace Park A Brilliant Idea It started as an idea at an annual vegetation management, search and Rotary International meeting, between rescue programs, and joint interpretive clubs in Alberta and Montana, and it programs, brochures, and exhibits. didn’t take long for the idea to catch hold. In 1932, Waterton Lakes National Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park and Glacier National Park were Park was further honored in 1995 when officially joined together as Waterton- it was designated as a World Heritage Glacier International Peace Park. The Site for its scenic values, its significant Peace Park celebrates the peace and climate, landforms and ecological goodwill existing along the world’s processes, and abundant diversity of longest undefended border. A spirit of wildlife and wildflowers. cooperation is reflected in wildlife and Upper Waterton Lake and Surrounding Mountains - Parks Canada The Pine Balance: A Shared Responsibility blister rust affects the majority of for whitebark pines to grow. The area the whitebark pines in Waterton and surrounding Summit Lake, for example, Glacier. This fungus was transported has had a number of plots cleared where to North America from Europe when whitebark pine seedlings have been trees unknowingly infected with the planted. These seedlings were grown in fungus were brought over in the early greenhouses associated with Glacier’s 20th century, which is credited with the Native Plant Nursery, from seeds wide spread of the infection throughout collected from healthy whitebark pines the continent. Unlike European relatives in the area. In fact, Waterton and Glacier of the whitebark pine, North American staff, alongside numerous volunteers, 5-needled pines have no resistance to have been planting thousands of this infection. White pine blister rust seedlings over the last several years in is especially devastating to seedlings areas suitable for whitebark pine habitat. and young pines, with little likelihood The hope is to tip the balance back in that infected seedlings will survive to favour of our whitebark pines in the maturity. Considered alongside a spike hope of reinstating the natural balance in population of native pine beetles in that permits these trees to compete in the the area (insects whose larvae feast on wild. pine bark) whitebark pine populations have been devastated in the international The restoration of the whitebark pine Black Bear Reaching for Cones - Robert J. Weselmann peace park. A study conducted in the population in the international peace park spanning 13 years (1996-2009) noted park is a high priority for both parks Pale skin, elongated needles, contorted numerous animals in the park, including that mortality and blister rust infection as these fascinating trees are crucial to spines; whitebark pines certainly dress black and grizzly bears, red squirrels in whitebark pines both increased by a maintaining a healthy ecosystem. Contact for the role they play as the elders and the Clark’s nutcracker. Like the staggering 3% with every year. the park to see how you can be involved of our forest. Patiently growing over hierarch of a family, these pines create a in the restoration project. centuries, many of the whitebark pines foundation that supports an ecosystem. In response to the alarming mortality and currently living in the Waterton-Glacier infection rates, a joint effort was initiated International Peace Park began their Though renowned for their resilience to reverse the effects of human impact lives over a thousand years ago, long and longevity, human actions have and restore the pine population. A before there ever was such a thing as a inadvertently threatened these trees. number of prescribed burns were used to peace park, the boundary dividing it, or Whitebark pines are now on the brink open the canopy and create areas suitable Europeans in North America. of disappearing from the peace park and are threatened across the continent. This keystone species plays a role in The synergistic effects of a century of maintaining a healthy ecosystem in the fire suppression, the introduction of an peace park. Growing especially well in invasive fungus and a spike in pine- alpine regions (2000 to 3000 m elevation), beetle populations have all contributed to where fewer trees compete for the the rapid decline of the whitebark pine. sunlight they depend on; these trees are perfectly adapted to a delicate balance of The absence of wildfires has tipped the natural factors. Growing on steep slopes, natural balance out of the whitebark the roots of the whitebark pine stabilize pines' favour. Whitebark pines need lots the soil, decreasing the rate of soil erosion of sunlight, which means they depend on while creating micro-climates wherein the canopy-clearing action of wildfires to neighbouring organisms might thrive. establish themselves. Without these clear Additionally, the cones of whitebark patches in the forests, whitebark pines pines produce nutrient-rich seeds, similar are outcompeted by other trees and, as to the pine nuts you might find in a fancy our forests become thicker and thicker, salad, that are an integral food source for have fewer habitable areas in the park. A foreign fungus, the white pine Cages Protect Ripening Cones - Parks Canada Planting Seedlings - Parks Canada Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park International Peace Park Hike Join us in celebrating the long-standing Starting at 10 a.m. from the Bertha Lake Boundary on your way to Goat Haunt in in Waterton (403-859-5133) or at the St. peace, friendship, and cooperative trailhead in Waterton Lakes National Glacier National Park, Montana. Return Mary Visitor Center (406-732-7750) in management of our two parks by Park, this 13 km (8 mi) hike along to Waterton is via boat. A fee is charged Glacier. Reservations are only accepted participating in an International Peace Upper Waterton Lake is jointly led by for the return boat trip and advance for the next scheduled hike. Come Park Hike. These special two-nation a Glacier Park Ranger and a Waterton reservations are recommended. The prepared with a lunch, water, rain gear, hikes explore the landscape surrounding Park Interpreter. Learn about Waterton- boat will have you back to the dock in jacket, and hat. Wear sturdy footwear. Waterton Lake and also the political Glacier’s three international designations Waterton by early evening. Each hike The trail is not difficult, but you will be realities of a resource shared by two and take part in a peace and friendship is limited to 30 people, so you must hiking most of the day. Don't forget your neighboring parks and countries. ceremony as you cross the International pre-register at either the Visitor Centre boat ticket! Pets are not permitted. The International Peace Pavilion at Goat Haunt - David Restivo Beargrass - Bill Hayden, “Hands across the border” Ceremony - Jeff Yee, The International - David Restivo Discover Our Neighbours’ Cultural Heritage This area holds special appeal for visitors handcrafts as sales items. The museum is The People’s Center and Native interested in the culture of indigenous open daily from June through September. Ed-Ventures, for the preservation of peoples. Waterton-Glacier International Also in Browning, North American Kootenai and Salish Culture, are located Peace Park lies just west of the Kainai Indian Days, the second weekend in July, near Pablo, Montana. The Center provides and Piikani Reserves in Canada and is a large celebration of Native American educational opportunities, full-day and borders the Blackfeet Reservation in the culture that includes a parade, traditional half-day interpretive tours of the Flathead United States. People of the Confederated dress, and dancing. Visitors are always Indian Reservation, a museum collection, Salish and Kootenai Tribes, southwest of welcome. and gift shop. Open daily throughout the Glacier, also have a close association with summer. the park. Take the time to learn about our Northeast of Waterton, early plains Call 406-883-5344 or 406-675-0160 for neighbours. culture is dramatically displayed at further information. Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump World Nearby in Browning, Montana, the Heritage Site. This site is open seven days Museum of the Plains Indian features a week in summer. Phone 403-553-2731 fascinating exhibits and Native American for further information. Blackfeet at Two Medicine - R. E. Marble Akamina-Kishinena Provincial Park Accessibility Akamina-Kishinena Provincial Park is The Apgar and St. Mary Visitor Centers, Wheelchair-accessible trails include the located in the southeast corner of the the International Peace Park Pavilion, Trail of the Cedars, Running Eagle Falls, British Columbia and borders both and the Cameron Lake Day Use Area and a portion of the Swiftcurrent Nature Waterton Lakes and Glacier National are wheel-chair accessible. A listing Trails in Glacier, and the Linnet Lake, Parks. High spacious alpine ridges, of additional facilities and services, Kootenai Brown, and Townsite Trails in deep secluded valleys and windswept accessible to visitors with special needs, Waterton Lakes. passes provide habitat and connectivity is available at visitor centers and entrance to the last self-sustaining grizzly bear stations throughout Waterton-Glacier Park Elevations: population in the United States. Exposed International Peace Park. Lake McDonald 3150 ft. 960m alpine ridges, southern latitude and Logan Pass 6640 ft. 2024m southern exposure provide winter range Interpretive programs in Glacier National Many Glacier 4900 ft. 1494m for goats and big horn sheep. Park accessible by wheelchair are Polebridge 3600 ft. 1097m highlighted in the park’s ranger-guided St. Mary Lake 4500 ft. 1372m The trails and passes of the Akamina- activity guide, available throughout Two Medicine 5150 ft. 1570m Kishinena used today to cross the Glacier. Waterton 4200 ft. 1280m axis of the continent were established and used for many years by the early peoples and wildlife travelling between the Flathead Basin and the abundant Great Plains.
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