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British Naval Policy in the Mediterranean 1935-1939
British Naval Policy in the Mediterranean 1935-1939 Balázs RÉTI University of Szeged After 1935, the Mediterranean had a major role in the policy of the the European great powers. There were three important naval powers in the area with significant interests and influences. In the 1930s Great Britain, France and Italy were dominant countries, they determined the political development in the Mediterranean. Although England did not border on the Inland Sea, her fleet surpassed the strength of the two Latin powers, both in quantity and quality. The Mediterranean had a significant part in the British naval strategy from the 18th century. London occupied Gibraltar in 1704 and Malta in 1800, so these important bases assured the English naval mastery in the Mediterranean. In the 19lh century Cyprus (1878) and Egypt (1882) came under the rule of Britain, and after the First World War the Empire occupied Palestine and other parts of the Middle East (Iraq, Transjordan).1 After 1704 England stationed a permanent fleet with modem warships in the Inland Sea that was the famous Mediterranean Fleet, which became the symbol of the British military power in the area until 1967? Leaders of the English policy and the Admitralty insisted on the maintenance of the Mediterranean Fleet keeping three factors in view. The first was the significant trade with the Mediterranean countries and the defence of the British shipping. England had prosperous commercial relations with Spain, Italy Turkey, and Egypt from the 15-16b centuries. The Mediterranean Fleet was an excellent instrument to secure the traditional continental balance of power, too. -
Hellcat Mk.I / Mk.II 7078 US NAVY WWII FIGHTER 1:72 SCALE PLASTIC KIT
Hellcat Mk.I / Mk.II 7078 US NAVY WWII FIGHTER 1:72 SCALE PLASTIC KIT intro There are few aircraft types that took part in combat during World War Two, that can be described with such one sided outcomes in terms of kill : loss ratio as the Hellcat. Representing the middle of the Grumman Cat lineage, the Hellcat was a unique type right from its beginnings. Success of its older brother, the Wildcat, which carried on its shoulders the bulk of the strain of the Pacific air war in 1942, prompted the US Navy to give Grumman free reign over the independent development of a new fighter. This type was to act as insurance in the event the concept of the F4U Corsair turned out unsuccessful. Grumman designers set forth with the design, with emphasis on ease of manufacture, performance and suitability for carrier ops. On the 30th of June, 1941, as Corsair production was initiating, the Navy signed an order for two prototype XF6F-1s, and a star was born. Original expectations centered around development of the proven F4F Wildcat, which was to be dominated by installation of more powerful engines. As such, this eventually evolved into a new fighter altogether. The US Navy also had accumulated combat experience, and was able to incorporate pilot suggestions into the design. The Hellcat was some 60% heavier than the Wildcat, was more heavily armed, had a more powerful engine, was more heavily armored, carried more fuel and was generally of a more robust construction. The first prototype took to the air on June 26th, 1942, and by January, 1943 equipped the first Navy unit, VF-9, on the deck of the USS Essex. -
Appendix 1 – the Evolution of HMS Dorsetshire
Appendix 1 – The Evolution of HMS Dorsetshire This image and the one on the next page show Dorsetshire in 1930, during builder’s trials1 Dorsetshire in July 19312 Dorsetshire in 1932.At this time her secondary and tertiary armament is still very light, just four single 4-inch guns abreast the forward funnels and four single 2-pdr pompoms abreast the bridge3 This 1948 model, shown to better advantage on the next page, depicts Dorsetshire under refit in 1937 in No. 14 Dock at Portsmouth Dockyard. The twin 4-inch mountings are in place abreast the funnels, as are the octuple 2-pounder pom poms aft of the torpedo tubes.4 Dorsetshire in dock at Singapore after her 1937 refit.5 This image and the one on the next page show how difficult it was for her to engage aircraft attacking from directly ahead. The arrows highlight her guns as follows: blue = twin 4-inch red = quad .5-inch green = octuple 2-pdr pom poms Dorsetshire in 19416 Three shots of Dorsetshire in 1941. The painting of the aft funnel and part of the hull in a light colour was meant to make her appear to be a single-funnelled vessel – a sloop, according to one source. The paint scheme was possibly first applied at Simonstown between 16 and 20 March, since this was apparently Dorsetshire’s only docking between December 1940 and June-July 1941. The top image was taken at Cape Town, possibly between 21 and 23 April 1941. The centre image was presumably taken prior to the June-July refit, since the ship sports what seems to have been the original version of this paint scheme. -
The Trade Journal Newsletter Editor Been Told by Many That They Now Have the Best Weed Hon
DS T H E T R A D E 249 JOURNAL 9 Derbyshire Submariners Newsletter Issue Number 249 July 2020 Freedom of the City of Derby to RN Submarine Service Granted 28 April 2002 EDITORIAL BLACK TOT DAY 31 July 2020 - 1970-2020 Black Tot Day (July 31, 1970) is the name given Immediately after the June NL release, the PSU to the last day on which the Royal Navy issued (Power Supply Unit) literally went bang on my 4-year sailors with a daily rum ration (the daily tot). old high spec computer. I contacted the Computer Builders in Bolton to be told the good news was the part was under warranty. but the bad news no supplies due to CV until 11 June, so I thought it would be an appropriate birthday You soothed my nerves and warmed my limbs present; wrong. Basically, on 13 And cheered my dismal heart. Jun they told me they would not Procured my wants, obliged my whims, supply me like for like, as it was not part of the 10- And now it’s time to part. year guarantee on the part, and I would have had to ‘Mid endless perils of the deep re-wire a new one in instead of just plug it in with And miseries untold. existing wires. Thus, I was forced to pay out You summoned sweet forgetful sleep £132.10p for what should have been a warranty Cocooned me from the cold. covered item for supply. Still now up and running, Ten years ago, the ‘pound o’leaf’ and trying to piece all my notes for NL from the last That cast its fragrant smell. -
Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Paradise in Peril. Western colonial power and Japanese expansion in Sout-East Asia, 1905-1941 Bussemaker, H.Th. Publication date 2001 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Bussemaker, H. T. (2001). Paradise in Peril. Western colonial power and Japanese expansion in Sout-East Asia, 1905-1941. in eigen beheer. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:28 Sep 2021 127 7 Chapterr 2. GREATT BRITAIN 2.1.. Introduction. Thiss chapter deals with Great Britain, the only nineteenth century superpower deserving thatt description, and even Great Britain was in decline after its greatest triumph : victory overr Germany in 1918. Not only the contemporary history of Great Britain In the Far East, butt also Dutch-British relations in that region are covered here until the attack on Pearl Harbor. -
The Old Pangbournian Record Volume 2
The Old Pangbournian Record Volume 2 Casualties in War 1917-2020 Collected and written by Robin Knight (56-61) The Old Pangbournian Society The Old angbournianP Record Volume 2 Casualties in War 1917-2020 Collected and written by Robin Knight (56-61) The Old Pangbournian Society First published in the UK 2020 The Old Pangbournian Society Copyright © 2020 The moral right of the Old Pangbournian Society to be identified as the compiler of this work is asserted in accordance with Section 77 of the Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, “Beloved by many. stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any Death hides but it does not divide.” * means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior consent of the Old Pangbournian Society in writing. All photographs are from personal collections or publicly-available free sources. Back Cover: © Julie Halford – Keeper of Roll of Honour Fleet Air Arm, RNAS Yeovilton ISBN 978-095-6877-031 Papers used in this book are natural, renewable and recyclable products sourced from well-managed forests. Typeset in Adobe Garamond Pro, designed and produced *from a headstone dedication to R.E.F. Howard (30-33) by NP Design & Print Ltd, Wallingford, U.K. Foreword In a global and total war such as 1939-45, one in Both were extremely impressive leaders, soldiers which our national survival was at stake, sacrifice and human beings. became commonplace, almost routine. Today, notwithstanding Covid-19, the scale of losses For anyone associated with Pangbourne, this endured in the World Wars of the 20th century is continued appetite and affinity for service is no almost incomprehensible. -
The Story of of Singapore’S Strategic Position As a Prime Node in the Global Shipping Routes
BIBLIOASIA JUL - SEP 2019 VOL. 15 ISSUE 02 FEATURE Dr Wee Beng Geok is a former Associate Professor of Strategy and Management at Nanyang Techno- logical University. In 2000, she set up the Asian Busi- ness Case Centre, Nanyang Business School, and was its director for 15 years. She has also worked in the corporate sector, including more than a decade in Singapore’s marine industry. Singapore has always been highly prized for its location. Fortuitously positioned at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, at a key crossroad along the East-West trade sroute, its importance as a port settlement can be traced to the 14th century when the island was known as Temasek. In 1819, the British arrived on the scene, and were quick to grasp Singapore’s potential as an entrepôt and a base to (Facing page top) A large crude carrier at Sembawang Shipyard’s new Premier Dock, a $50-million, 400,000- spread its version of merchant capitalism dwt drydock, at its official opening by then Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew in May 1975. Ministry of Information in Southeast Asia. Land was leased from the and the Arts Collection, courtesy of National Archives of Singapore. indigenous rulers to set up a British trading (Facing page bottom) Albert Dock was built by the Tanjong Pagar Dock Company in Tanjong Pagar in 1879. post on the island, and in a treaty signed in It was located to the east of Victoria Dock, the company’s first drydock which began operations in 1868. 1824, Singapore was ceded in full to Britain. -
Devonport Dockyard in the Twentieth Century
PART TWO DEVONPORT DOCKYARD IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 2.1 INTRODUCTION The dockyard at Devonport was known as Plymouth Dock until 1843, when Queen Victoria and Prince Albert announced the change on their visit to Devonport Dockyard. Devonport ‘Naval Base’ is the total RN area which includes both operational and accommodation areas. It comprises 650 acres, including accommodation for the shore base HMS Drake. From south to north, facing west over the River Tamar and the Hamoaze, it consists of the original South Yard and Morice Ordnance Yard, and Keyham North Yard, which was developed from the 1860s and further extended at the beginning of the twentieth century. Fig. 65. HMNB Devonport map. Royal Navy (2010). Devonport Naval Base Handbook. Plymouth: Plymouth HIVE/DE&S, p. 5. The original yard then became known as South Yard and the new yard as North Yard, linked by a tunnel and railway beneath Morice Ordnance Yard from c.1857. At its south end, the tunnel passed through the North Smithery, requiring the removal of a blast furnace. In 1963, the MoD linked Morice Yard and South Yard by a flyover; Morice Yard and North Yard were linked in 1964. Use of the dockyard railway tunnel ended in 1966 and a bus service was introduced. (Flyovers to Make Dockyard One Unit, 1962) Babcock International owns one third of the Naval Base, but does not maintain the HMS Drake accommodation area. Princess Yachts acquired the freehold of its premises in Devonport South Yard in 2011, but Babcock International maintains the remaining buildings in that yard. -
Introduction This Is a Hardback Reprint of the Original Book, Published in 2011
Destroyer D01 – the story of HMS Caprice 1942 - 1979 Introduction This is a hardback reprint of the original book, published in 2011. I have made some revisions and additions from information received since then. The idea for this book came from the HMS Caprice (1968) Association; originally to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the Caprice’s memorable cruise around the world in 1968. However, with input from the Association’s website and from material provided from many who had served aboard during the destroyer’s 30 years service it became obvious that we had become the de facto archives for the ship’s entire history. Despite its D01 pennant number Caprice was not the Royal Navy's first destroyer! She was, however, 'one of the best' to many who served in her. She also was the first of her class to be launched and the last to finally decommission. This, then, is the story of HMS Caprice and of all those who served in her during her service with the fleet from 1943 to 1973. I have tried to include as much human interest material as possible – a warship is much more than just steel and guns – it’s all about the men who live, work and play in her. Those who man the guns, keep watch, scrub the decks, cook the food, operate and maintain the machinery, keep a lookout, monitor the radar and sonar, it is they that make a warship what it is. Although we are nominally claiming copyright for this book anyone may freely use the information and images contained within, providing it is not for commercial profit. -
Copyright © and Moral Rights for This Thesis Are Retained by the Author And/Or Other Copyright Owners. a Copy Can Be Downloa
McCrum, Ronald. (2014) The role and consequences of the part played by the civilian authorities in the fall of Singapore, February 1942. PhD thesis. SOAS University of London. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/20319/ Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. THE ROLE AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE PART PLAYED BY THE CIVILIAN AUTHORITIES IN THE FALL OF SINGAPORE, FEBRUARY 1942. Ronald McCrum Thesis submitted for the degree MPhil in History 2014 Department of History SOAS, University of London 1 CONTENTS PAGE ABSTRACT 3 ABBREVIATIONS 4 INTRODUCTION 6 CHAPTER ONE. BACKGROUND. 18 CHAPTER TWO. A COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION. 44 CHAPTER THREE. THE IMPRECISE BATTLE PLAN. 70 CHAPTER FOUR. CIVIL DEFENCE IN DISARRAY. 95 CHAPTER FIVE. RESPONDING TO THE CAMPAIGN. 117 CHAPTER SIX. THE CIVIL AUTHORITIES DURING THE SEIGE OF SINGAPORE. 150 CHAPTER SEVEN. THE CONSEQUENCES. 176 CHAPTER EIGHT. CONCLUSION. 192 ANNEX A. MAP OF SINGAPORE. ANNEX. B. MAP OF MALAYA. -
Fighter-Direction Materiel and Technique, 1939-45
FIGHTER-DIRECTION MATERIEL AND TECHNIQUE, 1939-45 R S WOOLRICH INTRODUCTION The concept of the control and direction of Naval fighter aircraft from their parent carrier had not been conceived prior to 1935. Rear Admiral Torlesse, then a member of the Naval Air Division, has attributed the lack of a suitable ship-to-air R/T link as a primary reason for the deficiency in the immediate pre-war years. Experience with ship borne WA radar early in the war was soon to lead to the provision of rudimentary FD facilities in carriers. Pre-war responsibility for both maritime communications and radar was that of the Signal Division I the Admiralty. The fact that no adequate provision had been made for ship-to-air R/T communications reflected a general lack of interest in Naval fighter operations, which extended to a lack of liaison with Fighter Command of the RAF. In fairness to the Admiralty departments concerned it should, however, be pointed out that the Fleet possessed greater concentration of AA guns than could be found at most shore targets, as a result of recent modernisations. The alternative techniques available to Naval fighter aircraft in the immediate pre-war period were as follows: - To fly a ‘square search’ centred on the carrier, accepting that there was a 50% probability of the fighters being on the wrong side of the Fleet when the Bombers appeared; - To intercept from overhead, operating as a combat air patrol (CAP) – but probably resulting in being too late to effect an interception, quite apart from interfering with the AA gunfire; - To fly off from the parent carrier in the hope of intercepting a few straggler enemy aircraft on their return to base. -
Naval Accidents 1945-1988, Neptune Papers No. 3
-- Neptune Papers -- Neptune Paper No. 3: Naval Accidents 1945 - 1988 by William M. Arkin and Joshua Handler Greenpeace/Institute for Policy Studies Washington, D.C. June 1989 Neptune Paper No. 3: Naval Accidents 1945-1988 Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 2 Nuclear Weapons Accidents......................................................................................................... 3 Nuclear Reactor Accidents ........................................................................................................... 7 Submarine Accidents .................................................................................................................... 9 Dangers of Routine Naval Operations....................................................................................... 12 Chronology of Naval Accidents: 1945 - 1988........................................................................... 16 Appendix A: Sources and Acknowledgements........................................................................ 73 Appendix B: U.S. Ship Type Abbreviations ............................................................................ 76 Table 1: Number of Ships by Type Involved in Accidents, 1945 - 1988................................ 78 Table 2: Naval Accidents by Type