DOCSLIB.ORG

Diplomatic Security Service Then&Now

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Diplomatic Security Service Then&Now UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE BUREAU OF DIPLOMATIC SECURITY DIPLOMATIC SECURITY SERVICE THEN&NOW DSS History at a Glance 1775 1830 1866 With diplomatic security present The State Department hires The State Department begins at the creation of the United its first “dispatch agent” in sending message cables, States, the Continental Congress New York to place confidential some in code, via the Trans- establishes a Committee of Secret messages and pouches with Atlantic telegraph. Correspondence to safeguard ship captains sailing overseas. international communication. The committee evolves into today’s U.S. Department of State. 1915 1916 1917 President Woodrow Wilson Secretary of State Robert Lansing Former Secret Service Agent details U.S. Secret Service agents creates the first security office, Joseph “Bill” Nye becomes to the State Department to the Secret Intelligence Bureau, the Department’s first Chief investigate passport fraud and overseen by a diplomat and Special Agent. Duties include espionage cases that threaten staffed by investigators detailed escorting foreign dignitaries and U.S. neutrality in World War I. from the U.S. Secret Service and investigating passport and visa U.S. Post Office Department. fraud. With the U.S. entry into World War I, Marines and soldiers act as diplomatic couriers. 1918 1920 1941 - 1945 Civilians replace military couriers Robert C. Bannerman begins a World War II revolutionizes on diplomatic courier routes 20-year term as Chief Special diplomatic security as the United following the 1918 Armistice. Agent. Amid ongoing budget States assumes a global role. challenges, Bannerman sets up numerous longstanding diplomatic security processes, especially passport investigations and, in the 1930s, counter-espionage. 1946 1947 1948 With the rise in air transport, The escalating Cold War increases The Department creates the the Diplomatic Courier Service background investigations for Division of Security, soon expanded replaces the century-old State Department employees. to the Office of Security. The dispatch agent system as the Security officers are assigned office symbol SY is used for the primary means of delivering to U.S. embassies. next four decades. The Marine diplomatic correspondence. Security Guard Program is created. 1952 1965 1983 After a yearlong search, security The State Department’s U.S. Following the bombings of the officers uncover a listening “bug” Navy Seabee program begins, U.S. Embassy and U.S. Marine inside the Great Seal of the United helping to detect surveillance headquarters in Beirut, Lebanon, States in the U.S. ambassador’s devices inside embassies and the State Department convenes a residence in Moscow, leading to taking part in sensitive overseas diplomatic security review panel a heightened Cold War counter- construction projects. led by retired U.S. Navy Admiral espionage posture for SY and a Bobby Inman. The Antiterrorism six-fold increase in the number of Assistance program is launched technical security officers. Over to train foreign civilian security the next decade SY uncovers more and law-enforcement personnel. than 100 listening devices in U.S. Embassies behind the Iron Curtain. 1985 1986 1998 Based on the Inman Panel’s President Ronald Reagan signs the Following U.S. Embassy bombings in recommendations, Congress and Omnibus Diplomatic Security and Nairobi, Kenya, and Dar es Salaam, U.S. Secretary of State George Antiterrorism Act of 1986, providing Tanzania, DSS staffing is increased P. Shultz authorize resources to DS with a formal structure. by 25 percent, Congress approves create the Bureau of Diplomatic $1.4 billion to build more secure Security (DS) and the Diplomatic embassies, and Regional Security Security Service (DSS). Officers are granted more authority and responsibility, reporting directly to Chiefs of Mission. 2001 2003 2012 - 2015 Expeditionary diplomacy after the The DS Rewards for Justice Recommendations by the 9/11 al-Qa'ida attacks requires DS Program pays out the program’s Accountability Review Board for to protect American diplomacy largest reward at the time for Benghazi, convened after the attack in increasingly challenging information that led to the on U.S. compounds in Libya, lead to environments. Since 2002, location of Saddam Hussein’s the creation of the DSS High-Threat more than 90 U.S. and foreign sons, Uday and Qusay. Programs Directorate— as well security and law enforcement as recruiting more special agents, professionals have lost their lives adding 1,000 Marine Security protecting U.S. diplomats. Guards, and strengthening an ever-closer security partnership with the U.S. military. DIPLOMATIC SECURITY SERVICE THEN&NOW Chiefs of Security 1917-Present office of the chief special agent security office division of security Joseph M. Nye Robert C. Thomas F. Fitch Robert L. Donald L. John W. Ford 1917 – 1920 Bannerman 1940 – 1947 Bannerman Nicholson 1952 1920 – 1940 1945 – 1947 1948 – 1952 office of security (sy) John W. Ford Dennis A. Flinn E. Tomlin Bailey William O. John F. Reilly G. Marvin Gentile Victor H. Dikeos 1952 – 1953 1953 – 1956 1956 – 1958 Boswell 1962 – 1963 1964 – 1974 1974 – 1978 1958 – 1962 Karl D. Ackerman Marvin L. David C. Fields 1978 – 1982 Garrett, Jr. 1984 – 1985 1982 – 1983 bureau of diplomatic security (ds) assistant secretary of state for diplomatic security Robert E. Lamb Sheldon J. Krys Anthony C. E. Eric J. Boswell David G. Francis X. Taylor Richard J. Griffin 1985 – 1989 1989 – 1992 Quainton 1996 – 1998 Carpenter 2002 – 2005 2005 – 2007 1992 – 1995 1998 – 2002 Gregory B. Eric J. Boswell Gregory B. Starr Starr (Acting) 2008 – 2012 2013 – 2007 – 2008 diplomatic security service (dss) director, diplomatic security service, deputy assistant secretary of state David C. Fields Louis E. Clark M. Dittmer Mark E. Mulvey Gregorie Bujac Peter E. Bergin Joe D. Morton 1985 – 1986 Schwartz, Jr. 1988 – 1993 1993 – 1996 1996 – 1998 1998 – 2003 2003 – 2007 1986 – 1988 Gregory B. Starr Patrick Donovan Jeffrey W. Culver Scott Bultrowicz Gregory B. Starr Bill A. Miller 2007 – 2009 2009 2009 – 2011 2011 – 2012 2013 2014 – THEN: Special agent badges from 1917 to the 1980s. The origins of the Diplomatic Security Service began in 1916 with the creation of a small wartime office called the Secret Intelligence Bureau within the U.S. Department of State, Office of the Counselor, that acted as an information clearinghouse and oversaw a handful of special agents detailed from other federal agencies. Early in 1917, the department hired its first Chief Special Agent. Over the decades, State Department special agents have carried a variety of federal law enforcement badges pictured above. (U.S. Department of State photos) NOW: Today’s special agent, diplomatic courier, and security engineer badges. Following decades of evolution, the Diplomatic Security Service (DSS) was formally established in 1985. The Diplomatic Courier Service also joined DSS in 1985. Later in the 1980s, the security engineering officers were consolidated within DSS from the Regional Bureaus to better address developing security needs. (U.S. Department of State photos) 02 20 64 Introduction World War II 1984 to 1999 A Tradition of Vigilance Supporting Allied Victory Creating the Diplomatic Security Service: SY Transforms to DSS 04 28 78 From American 1945 to 1963 2000s and Independence Postwar and Cold War Years: Beyond to the 1900s Creating the Office of Security (SY) Frontlines of Diplomacy 08 46 84 World War I 1964 to 1983 The Next 100 Diplomatic Security and Special Agents From Vietnam to the Rise Years of Global Terrorism 14 1920s and 1930s The Bannerman Years: Consolidation and Growing Threats Introduction A Tradition of Vigilance The U.S. Department of State’s Diplomatic Security Service, international threats. This led the State Department to establish often known by its initials DSS or DS, traces its origins to 1916 for the first time a cohesive group of permanently assigned and was formally established in its current form in 1985 to professionals to focus specifically on diplomatic security. address growing security concerns as terrorists and militants increasingly targeted American diplomats at home and abroad. Ever since, Diplomatic Security specialists have continuously adapted to meet evolving risks. Today, DS supports all aspects Although the first organizational structures of DSS were put of diplomacy. DS professionals can be found around the globe, in place in the World War I era, privacy and security were at American embassies, consulates, diplomatic meetings, even integral to American diplomacy even from before the founding at international sporting events, as well as behind the scenes of the nation. However, the State Department of past eras was in international investigations or partnering with federal law a comparatively tiny organization, and often the diplomats enforcement or foreign security professionals. DSS agents, themselves were conducting rudimentary security as part of engineers, couriers, technical specialists, and others are on their wide-ranging duties. By 1916, the United States found duty around the clock across 24 time zones to provide a safe itself emerging as a world power while grappling with complex and secure environment for the conduct of U.S. foreign policy. Gregory B. Starr Bill A. Miller Assistant Secretary of State Director, for Diplomatic Security Diplomatic Security Service 02 BEGINNINGS… Diplomacy is as old as civilization and always has relied on security. For thousands of years, heralds and trusted
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Annual-Current-Affairs-Portion-Grade
    Grade V- VI 2019-2020 CURRENT AFFAIRS Term-2 1. Who will be the new Sri Lankan President? A: Gotabaya Rajapaksa 2. What is the ‘Golden Royal Bengal Tiger Award’? A: It is the Kolkata International film festival award for the best movie. 3. What is the disastrous calamity that swept across Australia? A: Forest Fire. 4. What is the ‘Yellow Vest’ protest which celebrated its first anniversary in Paris? A: The rise in fuel taxes in France. 5. What was Mickey originally going to be named? A: Mortimer 6. Who is the newly sworn 47th Chief Justice of India? A: Sharad Arvind Bobde. 7. Where was the first ever winter grade Diesel launched by IOC that remains unfrozen in high- altitude sectors? a. A: Ladakh. 8. How did Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru get the name Pandit? A: He was from the community of Kashmiri Hindi Pandits. 9. What was International Children’s Day initially called? A: Rose Day, later to Flower Sunday. 10. Who was the person Nehru used to refer as his Blood Brother who was also from Kashmir? A: : Sheikh Abdullah. 11. Where in London did Gandhi, Nehru and Jinnah get trained in Law? A: Inner Temple. 12. Nehru died of a heart attack on 27 May 1964.The gun carriage used for his state funeral was later used for the state funeral of another International personality in India. Identify the person. A: Mother Teresa. 13. Which is the first city in India that will setup Air Purifiers outdoors in the city? A: Hyderabad. 14. What is X-57 Maxwell? A: NASA’s first Electric Aircraft.
    [Show full text]
  • The American Experience with Diplomacy and Military Restraint I
    PART I: THE AmERICAN EXPERIENCE WITH DIPLOMACY AND MILITARY RESTRAINT i. Orphaned Diplomats: The American Struggle to Match Diplomacy with Power Jeremi Suri E. Gordon Fox Professor of History and Director, European Union Center of Excellence, University of Wisconsin, Madison Benjamin Franklin spent the American Revolution in Paris. He had helped to draft the Declaration of Independence in the summer of 1776, one of the most radical documents of the eighteenth century—sparking rebellion on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. Serving as a representative for the Continental Congress in France during the next decade, Franklin became a celebrity. He was the enlightened idealist from the frontier, the man of principled action who enthralled onlookers in the rigid European class societies of the 1770s and ’80s. Franklin embodied the American critique of Old World society, economy, and diplomacy. He was one of many American revolutionaries to take aim at the degenerate world of powdered wigs, fancy uniforms, and silver-service dinners where the great men of Europe decided the fate of distant societies. Franklin was a representative of the enduring American urge to replace the diplomacy of aristocrats with the openness and freedom of democrats.1 Despite his radical criticisms of aristocracy, Franklin was also a prominent participant in Parisian salons. To the consternation of John Adams and John Jay, he dined most evenings with the most conservative elements of French high society. Unlike Adams, he did not refuse to dress the part. For all his frontiers- man claims, Franklin relished high-society silver-service meals, especially if generous portions of wine were available for the guests.
    [Show full text]
  • Diplomatic Dictionary
    DIPLOMATIC DICTIONARY A | B | C | D | E | F | I | M | N | P | R | S | T | V A ACCESSION The procedure by which a nation becomes a party to an agreement already in force between other nations. ACCORDS International agreements originally thought to be for lesser subjects than those covered by treaties, but now really treaties by a different name. AMBASSADOR The chief of a diplomatic mission; the ranking official diplomatic representative of a country to the country to which s/he is appointed, and the personal representative of his/her own head of state to the head of state of the host country. Ambassador is capitalized when referring to a specific person (i.e., Ambassador Smith) AMERICAN PRESENCE POSTS (APP) A special purpose overseas post with limited staffing and responsibilities, established as a consulate under the Vienna Convention. APPs are located cities outside the capital that are important but do not host a U.S. consulate. Typically these posts do not have any consular services on site, so the APP’s activities are limited or narrowly focused on priorities such as public outreach, business facilitation, and issue advocacy. Examples of American Presence Posts include: Bordeaux, France; Winnipeg, Canada; Medan, Indonesia and Busan, Korea. ARMS CONTROL Arms Control refers to controlling the amount or nature of weapons-such as the number of nuclear weapons or the nature of their delivery vehicles -- a specific nation is allowed to have at a specific time. ATTACHÉ An official assigned to a diplomatic mission or embassy. Usually, this person has advanced expertise in a specific field, such as agriculture, commerce, or the military.
    [Show full text]
  • Pennsylvania Magazine of HISTORY and BIOGRAPHY
    THE Pennsylvania Magazine OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY "Croak" Carter: Radio's Voice of Doom HEN Westbrook Pegler, who hated almost everybody, died, an associate might have said in all candor: "He was the Wclosest thing newspaper journalism ever had to a Boake Carter." Carter was an extraordinarily powerful and effective critic of the New Deal before Pearl Harbor, especially between 1935 and 1938, when there were few commercially-sponsored news commen- tators on the air. Administration leaders frequently mentioned their extreme dislike of him. Carter's greatest national prominence, or notoriety, occurred during 1937 and the early part of the following year. After August, 1938, he was banned from the major networks. At the time, some of his millions of nightly listeners were certain that Franklin D. Roosevelt had been responsible. Although the news analyst spoke over the Mutual Broadcasting System from Septem- ber, 1939, on, he never regained his popularity and died in 1944, already largely forgotten. Today, another look is in order. Histor- ians realize the importance of radio in understanding American society before 1941. For that reason, the career of such a notorious radio personality has particular interest. Carter relished controversy. "Meat is in argument," he once said. "If I can provide an argument, so much the better."1 The commen- 1 Newsweek, July 18,1936, 26. 287 288 DAVID H. CULBERT July tator seemed to feel that his success was directly proportional to the number of enemies he made. And there were many. The Secretary of the Interior dubbed him "Croak" Carter. Ickes claimed that the newscaster could "enter any intellectual goldfish-swallowing contest and the result would be as impressive as his journalistic career."2 A distinguished journalist, making no attempt to disguise his loath- ing, termed the broadcaster a "mercenary poseur."3 Early in his career, Carter claimed to have studied the techniques of Detroit's demagogic radio priest, Father Coughlin.4 If so, he was an apt pupil.
    [Show full text]
  • Letter to Secretary of State Antony Blinken
    January 27, 2021 The Honorable Antony Blinken U.S. Department of State Office of the Secretary Room 7226 Harry S. Truman Building 2201 C Street, NW Washington, DC 20520 Dear Secretary Blinken, On behalf of the American Council on Education (ACE) and the undersigned higher education associations, we write to congratulate you on your confirmation, as well as to bring to your attention major issues of importance for the higher education community. We believe there are several actions you can take as Secretary of State to help support our international students and restore the United States as a destination of choice for global students and scholars. Dr. Samantha Power, administrator-designate of the U.S. Agency for International Development, recently wrote in Foreign Affairs magazine that “one of the best ways to showcase the United States’ ingenuity and know-how is to again make its universities the most attractive in the world to foreign talent.”1 As you are aware, international students and their enrollment in U.S. institutions have an enormous economic impact on the overall U.S. economy. Unfortunately, recent surveys have shown a 43 percent decline in new international student enrollment at U.S. institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. A recent study from NAFSA: Association of International Educators found that the overall economic impact generated by international students had had declined by $1.8 billion during the 2019-2020 academic year, from $40.5 billion in the prior year.2 The declining enrollment numbers for 2020 will unfortunately contribute to the challenges our economy confronts as we rebuild from the global pandemic.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 107 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
    E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 107 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION Vol. 147 WASHINGTON, WEDNESDAY, JULY 18, 2001 No. 100 House of Representatives The House met at 10 a.m. and was the name of Jesus Christ our Lord. with amendment in which the concur- called to order by the Speaker pro tem- Amen. rence of the House is requested, a bill pore (Mr. LAHOOD). f of the House of the following title: f H.R. 333. An act to amend title 11, United THE JOURNAL States Code, and for other purposes. DESIGNATION OF THE SPEAKER The SPEAKER pro tempore. The The message also announced that the PRO TEMPORE Chair has examined the Journal of the Senate insists upon its amendment to The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- last day’s proceedings and announces the bill (H.R. 333) ‘‘An Act to amend fore the House the following commu- to the House his approval thereof. title 11, United States Code, and for nication from the Speaker: Pursuant to clause 1, rule I, the Jour- other purposes,’’ requests a conference WASHINGTON, DC, nal stands approved. with the House on the disagreeing July 18, 2001. Mr. MCNULTY. Mr. Speaker, pursu- votes of the two Houses thereon, and I hereby appoint the Honorable RAY ant to clause 1, rule I, I demand a vote appoints: Mr. LEAHY, Mr. KENNEDY, Mr. LAHOOD to act as Speaker pro tempore on on agreeing to the Speaker’s approval BIDEN, Mr. KOHL, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • For Law Enforcement's Response to Railroad Incidents
    MICHIGAN’S ENFORCEMENT GUIDE FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT’S RESPONSE TO RAILROAD INCIDENTS This guide is dedicated to the memory of retired Norfolk Southern Railroad Special Agent and Michigan Operation Lifesaver Assistant State Coordinator David H. Cornelius. (1949-2015) NOTES OF INTEREST Collisions between vehicles and trains New Penalties for CDL Vehicle Operators Convicted of Railroad Crossing Violations: at highway-rail intersections and October 1, 2002 P.A. 534 trespassers and trains along railroad Persons convicted of any railroad crossing violation while operating a commercial rights-of-way are PREVENTABLE.. motor vehicle (CMV) will be subject to the following CDL suspensions: • A 60-day suspension for the first railroad crossing violation while operating a CMV. Strict Enforcement of highway-rail • A 120-day CDL suspension for a second railroad crossing violation within 36-months while operating a CMV. statutes, combined with Education and • A 1-year CDL suspension for three or more railroad crossing violations Engineering initiatives in a community, within 36-months while operating a CMV. reduce the loss of life and property New Employer Penalty damage related to highway-rail crashes MCL 257.319g establishes new civil infractions that could include a fine up and trespassing. to $10,000 for employers who knowingly allow their drivers to operate a commercial motor vehicle in violation of the Federal Railroad-Highway Grade Crossing requirements referenced or adopted by the Michigan Vehicle Code, Pupil Transportation Act, Motor Carrier Safety Act or the Motor Bus Transportation This guide has been prepared to assist Act. law enforcement officers in their Railroad Grade Crossing Stopping Requirements community highway-rail enforcement P.A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Inviolability of Diplomatic Archives
    THE INVIOLABILITY OF DIPLOMATIC ARCHIVES TIMMEDIATELY following Pearl Harbor, officials of the em- A bassy of the United States at Tokyo and of the Japanese embassy Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/american-archivist/article-pdf/8/1/26/2742083/aarc_8_1_k010662414m87w48.pdf by guest on 25 September 2021 at Washington destroyed their confidential diplomatic records. American Ambassador Joseph C. Grew asserted, "The moment we knew that the news of war had been confirmed I gave orders to burn all our codes and confidential correspondence."1 Huge bonfires which emanated from the grounds of the Japanese embassy at Wash- ington served as dramatic evidence that the Japanese treated their important archives similarly.2 These actions illustrate that modern states are unwilling to entrust their vital documents to the diplomatic representatives of neutral governments at the outbreak of war, even though international law and practice dictate that records so de- posited are inviolate. Such an attitude stimulates an inquiry into the extent to which diplomatic archives are considered inviolable under international law and the extent to which the principles of interna- tional law are being observed. This subject has never been adequately investigated by scholars, although it is a matter of definite im- portance to the international lawyer and diplomat on the one hand, and the historian and the archivist on the other. What are diplomatic archives? For the purposes of this paper diplomatic archives are defined as the written evidences of the
    [Show full text]
  • The Diplomatic Courier Vol
    Diplomatic Courier Vol. 1 | Issue 1 | July 17, 2016 The Diplomatic Courier Vol. 1 | issue 1 | July 17, 2016 [email protected] E D I T O R I A L We and Our World! e are the world! Michael Jackson and scores of oth- nately, however, what they do and what it means for the er international stars sang this sweet song by that state is not always sufficiently highlighted and thus not suf- Wname, which reminds us that we are all, countries ficiently known. and people big and small, part of a global village. With the help of the diplomatic community, The Diplomat- Diplomacy and protocol have their irreplaceable place in ic Courier Online will change that situation – and for the global, regional and national affairs of all states that make up better. our global village. The Diplomatic Corps in every sovereign This inaugural issue of The Diplomatic Courier covers the state plays a valuable function necessary for both the country most recent reports from embassies and issues of interest not represented and the host country. only to the diplomatic community, but also anyone interest- The diplomatic community also includes offices of regional ed in regional and international affairs. and international inter-governmental organizations, includ- We look forward to continued cooperation with the diplo- ing the United Nations and its related organizations, as well matic community to keep this publication going – and we as Latin American and Caribbean organizations. Unfortu- pledge to keep the Courier coming your way regularly. PM sends condolences to France after bloody Nice attack he Saint Lucia Prime Minister has sent the nations deep condolences to the Government and People of France Tfollowing the recent attack in Nice.
    [Show full text]
  • CS/HB 489 Railroad Police Officers SPONSOR(S): Criminal Justice Subcommittee; Stone and Others TIED BILLS: IDEN./SIM
    HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES STAFF ANALYSIS BILL #: CS/HB 489 Railroad Police Officers SPONSOR(S): Criminal Justice Subcommittee; Stone and others TIED BILLS: IDEN./SIM. BILLS: REFERENCE ACTION ANALYST STAFF DIRECTOR or BUDGET/POLICY CHIEF 1) Criminal Justice Subcommittee 11 Y, 0 N, As Cunningham Cunningham CS 2) Justice Appropriations Subcommittee 13 Y, 0 N McAuliffe Jones Darity 3) Judiciary Committee SUMMARY ANALYSIS The Criminal Justice Standards and Training Commission (CJSTC) establishes uniform minimum standards for the employment and training of law enforcement officers (LEOs). Currently, CJSTC certifies a person for employment as an LEO if: The person complies with s. 943.13(1)-(10), F.S.; and The employing agency complies with s. 943.133(2) and (3), F.S. Section 943.10, F.S., defines the term “law enforcement officer” to include only those elected, appointed, or employed full time by any municipality, the state, or any political subdivision of the state. Similarly, the definition of the term “employing agency” only includes agencies or units of government, municipalities, the state, or any political subdivision of the state that has the authority to employ officers. Section 354.01, F.S., authorizes the Governor to appoint “special officers,” which are persons employed by railroads for the protection of the railroad’s employees, passengers, freight, equipment, and properties. Special officers are required to meet the law enforcement qualifications and training requirements of s. 943.13(1)-(10), F.S., but they are not certified law enforcement officers because they do not work for an “employing agency.” Railroads and common carriers that employ special officers are not considered employing agencies because they are not governmental entities.
    [Show full text]
  • CBP Security Policy and Procedures Handbook HB1400-02B August 13, 2009
    CBP Security Policy and Procedures Handbook HB1400-02B August 13, 2009 Security Never Sleeps FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY VOL TOC BACK VOLUME CONTENTS 1. FOREWORD ............................................................................V 2. REVISION HISTORY ...............................................................XVII 3. PHYSICAL SECURITY HANDBOOK.............................................VII 4. INFORMATION SECURITY: SAFEGUARDING CLASSIFIED AND SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED INFORMATION HANDBOOK ... 735 5. BADGES, CREDENTIALS AND OFFICIAL IDENTIFICATION ............. 845 WARNING: This document is FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY (FOUO). It is to be controlled, stored, handled, transmitted, distributed, and disposed of in accordance with DHS policy relating to FOUO information. This information shall not be distributed beyond the original addressees without prior authorization of the originator. iii of 890 U.S. Department of Homeland Security Washington, DC 20229 Commissioner FOREWORD The Office of Internal Affairs (IA) Security Management Division (SMD) is responsible for establishing policies, standards, and procedures to ensure the safety and security of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) personnel, facilities, information, and assets. IA/SMD has developed the CBP Security Policy and Procedures Handbook to provide CBP with uniform standards and procedures for the proper administration of Physical Security; Safeguarding Classified and Sensitive but Unclassified Information; and Badges, Credentials, and Official Identification.This handbook
    [Show full text]
  • Protecting Power
    Protecting Power drishtiias.com/printpdf/protecting-power Why in News? An American drone has killed Iranian military and intelligence commander Major General Qassem Soleimani in Baghdad (capital of Iraq). The Iranian government has registered its protest against the killing with the Embassy of Switzerland in Tehran. Switzerland represents the interests of the US in Iran (capital of Iran). This is because the US itself does not have an embassy there. In an arrangement such as this, Switzerland is the “Protecting Power” of the United States’ interests in Iran. Iran’s interests in the United States, on the other hand, are represented by the Pakistan Embassy in Washington. How is the Above Arrangement Possible? The instrument of Protecting Powers is provided for under the 1961 and 1963 Vienna Conventions on Diplomatic Relations. The 1961 Vienna Convention states that if diplomatic relations are broken off between two States, or if a mission is permanently or temporarily recalled, the sending State may entrust the protection of its interests and those of its nationals to a third State acceptable to the receiving State. E.g.: In this case, where Switzerland is the “Protecting Power” of the United States’ interests in Iran, sending state would be US, third state would be Switzerland; and receiving state would be Iran. The 1963 Convention reiterates that a sending State may with the prior consent of the receiving State, and at the request of a third State not represented in the receiving State, undertake the temporary protection of the interests of the third State and of its nationals.” The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961 provides a complete framework for the establishment, maintenance and termination of diplomatic relations on the basis of consent between independent sovereign States.
    [Show full text]