r------·Kütüphane ve Dok. D.

Demirba~ No No No

PROVINCE iN THE SECOND MILLENNIUM B.C.

Dönmez •

With l 980's archaeological frequented in Sinop Province 1, because of on this undiscovered part of Anatolia i.e. terra incognita exploration effort begun it is started to come to life and our knowledge about the 2nd Millennium BC in Sinop Province (see Map) start to a mass. M.A. and conducted one of the most effective surveys in the Sinop Province and they found some Middle Bronze Age pottery at Höyük2 (Fig. 1) in Gerze District, Tepe3 (Fig.5) and Tepe4 in Central District (see Map). During this project most important center that

• Dr. Dönmez, Istanbul University, Letter Faculty, of Protohistory and Near Eastern Archeology, Fen PTT 34459-istanbul,

1 First archeological research was in Sinop Province conducted by A. who was director of Kastamonu A. surveyed the part portions of West and Central Black Sea regions. He investigated the Central District, Boyabat and Gerze District in Sinop Province 1952: 16-19, 28, 41-42, 47, 50, 58-65, 125, 144). First excavations in the city carried out by E. Akurgal, A. Erzen and L. Budde in the 1951-1952 (Akurgal 1956: 1-14; Akurgal/Budde 1956). Under the project A. Erzen conducted short excavations in Kocagöz Höyük (Demirci Höyük) near Demirci köy which is 16 south-west of Sinop (Erzen 1956: 7 J-72). in 1955, C. B.urney while surveying Tokat and Samsun also visited Sinop and interested with Kocagöz Höyük (Burney 1956: 179-203). J .A. Dengate conducted surveys within boundaries of Sinop Province in 1970 (Dengate 1978: 245-258). After the passing away of U.B. Ö. Bilgi conducted surveys in the District to locate copper and arsenic ores that was used in the Early Bronze Age 11-111 at abundance metal objects. in 1997-1999 seasons located arsenic ores at the west of at Iocation at Village (Bilgi 1999a: 491-492; Bilgi 2001b: 13, Res.149; Bilgi 2001c: 318-319, Res.11-12). D. French was conducting survey of Roman roads and mile stones. He investigated few Early Bronze Age and Iron Age in Gerze District in Sinop Province (French 1986: 488; French 1988: 8-1 O; French 1989: 276). in 1987, Sinop Province Director M.A. and i. conducted surveys in Sinop Province and located 1990: 241-276; 1998: 97- 139; 1992: 5-7). in 1996, under the Black Sea Trade Project a group of archaeologists Chicago University under the leadership of F. Hiebert conducted large scale surveys and 1997: 377; Doonan/Gantos/Smart/Hibert 998: 367; Doonan/Gantos/Hibert 1999: 274; Doonan/Gantos/Smart/Hiebert 1999, 359-371 ; 2000: 345-356; Doonan/Hiebert/Gantos 2000: 350; Doonan/Gantos/Hiebert/Besonen/Watters 2001: 137-148; Doonan/Gantos/Hiebert/Y 200 I: 13- 135; Hiebert 2001: 11-20; Doonan 2002: 285) with researches in Sinop Province llis/Foley/Croff/Major/Torre 2001 : 607-623; 2002: 95-115). Myself surveyed in Central District and Erfel ek, Gerze, Boyabat, Saraydüzü districts during doctorate thesis 1997 to 1999 (Dönmez 1999: 513- 536; Dönmez 2000a: 229-244; Dönmez 2000b: 330-334; Dönmez 2001: 302-307). 2 1998 ," Pl. l 0/9-13 3 1998, Pl.15/4-7 4 1998: Pl.5/4-7 AcJs o.f C. 01\jr-e-~5 of V. k 1-eJ_ A. S

During the surveys in Sinop Province I had to chance to investigate known sites but I also managed to many new settlements. During these surveys found at Tepe 15 (Fig. 5 and 6/4-7) in Central District, [16 (Fig.7/4, 6), Pazar Tepesi 17 (Fig.8), Maltepe- Emi ryayla 18 (Fig.9) in Boyabat District and Bayram Tepesi 19 (Fig.1 O) in Saraydüzü District (see Map) some Middle Bronze Age 1-Il pottery. Cemetery (Fig.2), I consider very and to visit few times during surveys. M.A. located this site as it is on the Keçi Türbesi Höyük (Fig.11) but in reality it is located 200-300 meters south of this mound (Fig.2) and about 500 meters north of Yillage of Neighborhood20 (see Map). If detailed analysis done on Cemetery metal objects, I believe it will fiil the chronological emptiness that left after Ikiztepe· Early Bronze Age Il-III· Cemetery21 . Cemetery could be dated to Middle Bronze Age 1-II and with this it also proves that graveyard with metal objects tradition has continued in 2nd BC.

In addition to those I was invited to a Boyabat-Kovuklukaya22 (see Map) rescue excavation under the leadership of Musa Özcan who is current director of Sinop Museum. I was given at Trench 5 responsibility and there we have found a building which its substructure was built from plaque stones (Fig. 12). With its architectural characteristics, pottery and offered us

5 1990: 241; 1998, 96 6 Bilgi 2001a: Tablo 1/6 7 Bilgi 200 1a: Tablo 4/47 8 Bilgi 2001a: Tablo 19/12 1-122 9 Bilgi 2001a: Tablo 24/ 138, 14 1-1 43 10 Bilgi 200 1a: Tablo 14/107-108 11 Bilgi 200 I a: Tablo 27/180, 183- 191 , 196, Tablo 28/197-199, 208-221 12 Koçak 2002: 523, Çiz.1-2, Lev.1-2 13 1998: 105,110 14 1998: Pl.27-28 15 Dönmez 2000a: 230 16 Dönmez 2000a: 232 17 Dönmez 2000a: 232 18 Dönmez 2000a: 232 19 Dönmez 2000a: 232 20 Dönmez 2000a: 23 1 21 Bilgi 1984: 31-96; Bilgi 1990: 119-219 22 Kovuklukaya is located in 300 meters northeast of village 10 km from Boyabat town in Sinop Province. Furthermore, it is positioned on eastern slopes ofa rock cliff about 25 meters high named Aslancevizi Mevkii. it is about 300x400 meters. it is named Kovuklukaya because ofa niche 1.50 x 1.70 x 1.20 meter at the top of the rocky cliff. Top part of Kovuklukaya which is flat about 70 x 80 meters in meter was used as a graveyard in Byzantine Period. C

3

new and important data for 2nd Millennium B.C. about Sinop Region. Its plan is rough pentagon, 7.00 x 8.00 in measuring and has two phases. Until now based on archeological discoveries we thought stone has minimum use in architecture in Black Sea Region before Classical Period. But this structure did prove that stone was used heavily at least in this area even though it does not change the over ali situation.

In the Late Phase debris of the building some typical 2nd Millennium BC potsherds (Pl.5) and more importantly some hand made Early Bronze Age potsherds (Pls.1-4) was found. The majority of the wheel made pottery at Kovuklu kaya building of the Late Phase has colors ranging from light orange to various hues of buff and even with nuances of brick red, while vegetal and mineral inclusions consist of white particles (see Catalogue). Widest used forms of this type pottery were bowls and jugs. Bowls usually has inverted rims and lipped (Pl.5/1-5). üne of the characteristics of 2nd Millennium B.C. pottery, bead rim (Pl.5/4) also seen at Kovuklukaya. Jugs usually had thick walls (Pl.5/6-7) at Kovuklukaya.

Ali the Early Bronze Age pottery was shaped by hand at Kovuklukaya. Paste has vegetable and mineral tempered. Some done carefully and their was hard. Majority of this pottery has slipped in same color as paste. Surface colors do change from light grey to reddish brown and from light orange to dark buff colored (see Catalogue). Most of the potsherds are undecorated, rarely deçorated with grove (Pl.4/1-2) or in relief (Pi. 4/2). Majority bowls has inverted rims (Pl.1/1-2), carinated (Pl.2/3, 6) straight rising rims (Pl.2/2) or lugged (Lev.1/3). This type pottery had both horizontal (Pl.1/4-5) and vertical handles (Pl.1/6, 2/3-5). Jugs seldom have inverted rims (Pi. 3/1) majority has clearly neck and everted rim (Pl.3/2-6). From the fragments which had handles on them we learn that both vertical (Pl.4/3, 6) and horizontal (Pl.4/4-5) handles was used in jugs.

Seeing both of those types together in the Late Phase of Kovuklukaya building, remind us First (I) Cultural Layer at that is !ast from 2100 BC to 1750 BC those dates culturally corresponds with Middle Bronze Age I-II. This also called Transition Period23 at First (1) Cultural Layer at consists of 6 architectural building levels. ln the First (I) Cultural Strata24 we see wheel made pottery dated to 2nd Millennium with Early Bronze Age hand made pottery together. This cultural togetherness and similarity in the pottery show that both settlements are possibly contemporary.

23 Transition Period i.e. First (I) Cultural Layer at covers from transition period from 3rd Millennium BC to half of2nd Millennium BC. 24 A fast potter's wheel has been used to shape pottery in the 2nd Millennium B.C. They have a clean paste and mineral and rarely vegetal tempers. They are generally well or moderate slipped. Well or moderately vessels have colors ranging from light orange to dark beige. With these attributes these vessels are separate from Early Bronze Age samples. in this era we see only a few different samples. Plates, bowls, beakers, teapots, ewers and jugs forms are quite common in this period. The handles and mouths of vessels of Middle Bronze Age pottery are rather different from Early Bronze Age pottery. These vessels have lips and horizontal triangle handles. Another peculiarity of the vessels of this period is that they contain lots of concentric traces on their flat bottom, which show that they have been cut from the potter's wheel with a string. Additionally, an important feature of these Middle Bronze Age vessels of is that none ofthem have any decoration. 1979: 153, Res.5- 15 ; 1981: 1-3, Res.2; 1983: 166-171 , Lev.1/1-5 , 11 / 1-3 ; 1984: 46-47, Res.1-2; 1988: 22- 30, 89-91 , Lev.I-IX, XLIY-XLYII, LXVII/21-23, XCil/153-ISSa, XCIII/ 158, 161-162; Bilgi 1998:64; Bilgi 1999b: 143, Çiz.3/A 1-3 ; Bilgi 1999c: 172, Çiz.2/ A 1-2; Müller-Karpe 2001: 430-442). 4

In Addition, if wheel made pottery from the Late Phase building at Kovuklukaya analyzed, one easily contemporary pottery in Samsun and Amasya provinces surveyed settlements25, Third (III) Cultural Layer at Dündarter,e26, Fifth (V) Building Level at Höyük27, Büyükkale Vf-a28 , Northwest Slope 8a-9a 9, Lower City 4-5 30 at IV, IIJ 31 , il and J b32 building levels at Karum Kanesh and I iT at Höyük33 . In the light of similarities we can date the building from late 3rd Millennium B C to 1gth Century B C. The pottery from the Late Phase building at Kovuklukaya shows strong similarities with First (l) Cultural Layer and Central Anatolia but because some regional forms have found it also differs from them.

in the Late Phase besides pottery, stone and baked clay mould fragments for metal casting and baked clay crucibles34 indicate that the smelting was done here and also show the loca! metal industry in the !ate 3rd Millennium and early 2nd Millennium BC of Sinop Province. in the light Kovuklukaya pottery and spearheads both typical Central Anatolia origin but locally made, we can assume in the Assyrian Trading Colonies Period trade extend to Sinop Province and and Kovuklu kaya were important part of this trading.

in addition, in Sinop city center during foundation excavations of Okulu a spearhead35 and a pin 36 have been found. Those two object dates to Middle Bronze Age by Önder Bilgi. These were very important because they indicate a possible 2nd Millennium BC settlement or a cemetery in Sinop city center. Separately, a spearhead37 that was found in Lala Village in Central District, again dated to Middle Bronze Age by Önder Bilgi. During the surveys under the leader ship of F. J. Hiebert found some Middle Bronze Age potsherds at Nohutluk- Güllüavlu in Central District. Ali these indicate during Assyrian Trading Colonies Age, Sinop Province and its region had lots of settlements and cemeteries.

Regardless as some researches point out during ali the surveys and excavations conducted in Sinop Province not one Old Hittite or Hittite Empire object was found 39 but two lu gged axes40 found in Bülbül and Dibekli villages dated to Late Bronze Age (Hittite Empire Age) by Ö. Bilgi .

Besides archeological we must consider philological clues as well to understand Sinop in the 2nd BC. Just about only written source about this region from this time

25 Dönmez 2002: 873-903 26 Kökten/Özgüç/Özgüç 1945: 382-384; Özgüç 1948: 408 27 Özgüç 1982: 14 28 Orthmann 1963: Abb.3; Orthmann 1984: Abb. 1, 3-4, 10-1 1 29 Schirmer 1969: Taf.21-29 3°Fi seher 1963: Taf. 51, 60, 92, 97/884 31 Emre 1963: 87-99; Emre 1989: Fig.111-128 32 Emre 1963: 87-99; Özgüç 1986: 49-53 33 üsten 1937 34 These objects are being prepared for publish. 35 Bilgi 2001 a: Tablo 20/123 36 Bilgi 2001a: Tablo 27/178 37 Bilgi 2001 a: Tablo 20/125 38 Doonan/Gantos/H iebert/Y u/Besonen 2000: 347; Doonan/Gantos/Hiebert/Y u/Besonen 200 : 6, Figs. 10, 13 39 1992: 7 40 Bilgi 2001 a: Tablo 8/76-77 5 was Hittite text. From Hittite text we learn that many people exist in Southern Black Sea shore such as Gashka, Pala, Tummana, Kalasma, Kasula, Hulana, Kassiya, Sappa, Masa, Azzi-Hayasa and many others4 1. Most powerful of those people was Ghaska42 and they life north of Hittites and maybe considered living in Sinop Province at the time43 .

Other than this, some scholars assume Sinuua44 from Hittite text same Sinop. As easily understand these speculations based on sound similarities45. But I think just basing on sound similarities that kind assumptions should not be done at this point without basing on at least some historical geography facts. In addition, up to this point no Hittite settlement was located in the area. in addition the Sinope-Sinuua correlation some suggested46 that Dahara47 or Sarija48 rivers from Hittite texts can be correlated with today's

While in the known written sources of thr Hittites, there are approximately 2000 settlements by name, big or small in Northern Anatolia49, which are presently a couple of hundreds in addition, one in the Coastal Zone belong to the Pre-Hittite to Assyrian Trading Colonies Period50. In the future, new researches in evitable swell the number of 2nd Millennium BC. Settlements in the area and the number fel l short from the numbers that mentioned in written Hittite sources. In this case in general Black Sea region particularly Sinop region especially costal regions have many settlements that contemporary with Assyrian Trading Colonies in the 2 nd Millennium B.C. Those settlements did not reach today most probably because of wood was used extensively in their constructions. This possibly means that because of the usage of wood, as construction material, especially in the Coastal Zone settlements dated to the Old Hittite and Hittite Empire periods did not survive till today. Besides, another possibly is dense plant life in the region just cover them up.

4 1 Ertem 1980: 10 42 Schuler 1965 ; Murat 1998 : 435-443 43 Oinçol/Yakar 1974: 565 44 Monte/Tischler 1978: 358 45 Ertem 1975 : 125 46 Monte/Tischler 1978: 594 47 Monte/Tischler 1978: 594 48 Forlanini 1992: B III 6 49 Yakar 2000: 295 50 Howeve~, it should be kept in mind that the sites in the Coastal Zone, among others; belong to the Pre- Hittite Peri od, that is, they are contemporary with the Assyrian Trading Colonies Peri od . 6

CATALOGUE

Plate 1/1 : Bowl rim sherd. Di . 28 cm , H. 9.2 cm , W. 14.2 cm , Th. 1 cm. Light orange paste. Medium vegetal and medium mineral tempered. Slipped in brick red . Hard Moderately burnished. Hand made. Middle Bronze Age 1. Kovuklukaya

Plate 1/2 : Bowl rim sherd. Di. 22 cm , H. 5.1 cm, W. 8.5 cm , Th. 1 cm . Reddish brown paste. Fine vegetal and mineral tempered . Slipped in same color as paste. Moderate No burnish. Hand made. Middle Bronze Age I. Kovuklukaya

Plate 1/3 : Bowl rim sherd. Di. 18 cm, H. 3.5 cm, W. 6.7 cm, Th. 0.6 cm . Dark buff paste. Fine vegetal and mineral tempered. Slipped in same color as paste. Hard Slightly burnished. Decoration on the outside in vertical protusion. Hand made. Middle Bronze Age I. Kovuklukaya

Plate 1/4 : Bowl rim sherd. Di . 23 cm, H. 6.2 cm , W. 7 cm, Th.0.9 cm. Light brick red paste. Medium vegetal and medium mineral tempered . Slipped in same color as paste. Moderate No burnish. Hand made. Middle Bronze Age I. Kovuklukaya

Plate 1/5 : Bowl rim sherd . Di. 22 cm , H. 6.9 cm, W. 8.5 cm , Th .0.9 cm. Brick red paste. Fine and medium vegetal and medium mineral tempered. Slipped in same color as paste. Moderate No burnish. Hand made. Middle Bronze Age I. Kovuklukaya

Plate 1/6 : Bowl rim sherd. Di. 20 cm, H.8 cm, W.12 cm, Th. 0.8 cm. Dark buff paste. Medium vegetal and medium mineral tempered. Slipped in same color as paste. Hard Slightly burnished. Hand made. Middle Bronze Age I. Kovuklukaya

Plate 2/1 : Bowl rim sherd . Di. 16 cm , H. 7 cm, W. 11 .2 cm , Th. 0.7 cm. Brick red paste. Fine vegetal and mineral tempered. Slipped in same color as paste. Moderate No burnish. Hand made. Middle Bronze Age 1. Kovuklukaya

Plate 2/2 : Bowl rim sherd. Di. 16.8 cm, H. 5.4 cm, W. 6.4 cm, Th. 0.9 cm. Dark buff paste. Fine vegetal and medium mineral tempered. Slipped in same color as paste. Moderate Slightly burnished. Hand made. Middle Bronze Age I. Kovuklukaya

Plate 2/3 : Bowl rim sherd. Di. 26 cm, H. 8 cm, W. 8.4 cm, Th. 0.8 cm. Dark buff paste. Medium and coarse vegetal and medium and coarse mineral tempered . Slipped in same color as paste. Hard Slightly burnished. Hand made. Middle Bronze Age 1. Kovuklukaya

Plate 2/4 : Bowl rim sherd. Di. 24 cm, H. 4.9 cm, W. 3.8 cm, Th. 1 cm. Grey paste. Medium vegetal and medium mineral tempered. Slipped in light buff. Moderate No burnish. Hand made. Middle Bronze Age I. Kovuklukaya

Plate 2/5 : Bowl rim sherd. Di . 28 cm , H. 8 cm , W. 6.2 cm , Th. 1 cm. Reddish brown paste. Medium vegetal and medium mineral tempered. Slipped in same color as paste. Moderate Slightly burnished. Hand made. Middle Bronze Age I. Kovuklukaya 7

Plate 2/6 : Bowl rim sherd. Di. 24 cm, H. 5 cm, W. 7.3 cm, Th. 0.6 cm. Reddish brown paste. Fine vegetal and fine mineral tempered. Slipped in same color as paste. Moderate fired. Slightly burnished. Hand made. Middle Bronze Age I. Kovuklukaya

Plate 3/1 : Jug rim sherd. Di. 22 cm, H. 4.5 cm, W. 5.3 cm, Th.0.7 cm. Buff paste. Fine vegetal and fine and medium mineral tempered. Slipped in dark buff. Hard fireci. Slightly burnished. Hand made. Middle Bronze Age I. Kovuklukaya

Plate 3/2 : Jug rim sherd. Di. 22.2 cm, H. 3.8 cm, W. 5.4 cm, Th. 0.8 cm. Brick red paste. Medium vegetal and medium mineral tempered. Slipped in same color as paste. Moderate Slightly burnished. Hand made. Middle Bronze Age I. Kovuklukaya

Plate 3/3 : Jug rim sherd. Di . 30 cm, H. 4.2 cm, W. 7.5 cm, Th.0.8 cm. Light orange paste. Fine and medium vegetal and fine ve medium mineral tempered. Slipped in same color as paste. Moderate fired. No burnish. Hand made. Middle Bronze Age I. Kovuklukaya

Plate 3/4 : Jug rim sherd. Di. 27cm, H. 5.3 cm, W. 5.1 cm, Th. 0.9 cm. Light buff paste. Fine vegetal and fine and medium mineral tempered. Slipped in same color as paste. Hard Slightly burnished. Hand made. Middle Bronze Age I. Kovuklukaya

Plate 3/5 : Jug rim sherd. A. 16 cm, H. 3.6 cm, W. 3.8 cm, Th. 0.7 cm. Dark buff paste. Fine vegetal and fine mineral tempered. Slipped in same color as paste. Moderate Slightly burnished. Hand made. Middle Bronze Age I. Kovuklukaya

Plate 3/6 : Jug rim sherd. Di. 30 cm, H. 5.4 cm, W. 11 .8 cm, Th.0.8 cm. Dark buff paste. Fine and medium vegetal and medium mineral tempered. Slipped in same color as paste. Hard Slightly burnished. Hand made. Middle Bronze Age 1. Kovuklukaya

Plate 4/1 : Jug body sherd. H. 4.5 cm, W. 5.5 cm, Th. 1 cm. Light grey paste. Medium vegetal and medium mineral tempered. Slipped in brick red. Moderate No burnish. Hand made. Decoration on the outside in groove. Middle Bronze Age I. Kovuklukaya

Plate 4/2 : Jug body sherd. H. 5.7 cm, W. 7.4 cm, Th. 1.4 cm . Dark buff paste. Medium and coarse vegetal and medium and coarse mineral tempered. Slipped in same color as paste. Moderate fired. No burnish. Hand made. Decorations on the outside in groove and protusion. Middle Bronze Age I. Kovuklukaya

Plate 4/3 : Jug body sherd with handle. H. 9.8 cm, W. 7 cm, Th. 0.9 cm. Dark buff paste. Fine vegetal and fine and medium mineral tempered. Slipped in same color as paste. Hard Slightly burnished. Hand made. Middle Bronze Age I. Kovuklukaya

Plate 4/4 : Jug body sherd with handle. H. 7 cm, W. 10.5 cm , Th. 1 cm . Buff paste. Fine vegetal and fine and medium mineral tempered. Slipped in same color as paste. Hard Slightly burnished. Hand made. Middle Bronze Age I. Kovuklukaya 8

Plate 4/5 : Jug body sherd with handle. H. 8.6 cm , W. 9.6 cm , Th. 1 cm . Dark buff paste. Medium vegetal and medium mineral tempered. Slipped in same color as paste. Moderate No burnish. Hand made. Middle Bronze Agel. Kovuklu kaya

Plate 4/6 : Jug body sherd with handle. H. 7.1 cm , W. 3.5 cm , Th . 0.8 cm. Dark buff paste. Medium vegetal and and medium mineral tempered. Slipped in same color as paste. Moderate Slightly burnished. Hand made. Middle Bronze Agel. Kovuklukaya

Plate 5/1 : Bowl rim sherd. Di. 17 cm, H. 4 cm , W. 5.9 cm , Th. 0.9 cm. Light orange paste. Fine vegetal and mineral tempered. Slipped in reddish brown. Hard Moderately burnished. Wheel made. Middle Bronze Age I-11. Kovuklukaya

Plate 5/2 : Bowl rim sherd. Di . 28 cm, H. 5 cm , W. 8, Th. 0.8 cm. Light orange paste. Fine vegetal and mineral tempered. Slipped in same color as paste. Hard Slightly burnished. Wheel made. Middle Bronze Age 1-11. Kovuklukaya

Plate 5/3 : Bowl rim sherd. Di. 28.1 cm , H. 4.6 cm , W. 8.2 cm, Th . 1 cm. Dark buff paste. Fine vegetal and medium mineral tempered. Slipped in same color as paste. Moderate Slightly burnished. Wheel made. Middle Bronze Age 1-11. Kovuklukaya

Plate 5/4 : Bowl rim sherd. Di . 27 cm, H. 3.5 cm , W. 1 I cm, Th. 0.7 cm , Light orange paste. Fine vegetal and mineral tempered. Slipped in dark buff. Hard Slightly burnished. Wheel made. Middle Bronze Age 1-II. Kovulduk.aya

Plate 5/5 : Bowl rim sherd. Di. 29 cm .H. 4.1 cm, W. 8.4 cm , Th. 0.8 cm. Light orange paste. Fine vegetal and mineral tempered. Slipped in same color as paste. Hard Slightly burnished. Wheel made. Middle Bronze Age I-11. Kovuklukaya

Plate 5/6 : Jug rim sherd. Di. 38 cm, H. 6.3 cm, W. 9.6 cm, Th. 2.5 cm . Light brick red paste. Medium vegetal and medium mineral tempered. Slipped in same color as paste. Moderate No burnish. Wheel made. Middle Bronze Age 1-11. Kovuklukaya

Plate 5/7 : Jug body sherd. H. 5.7 cm , W. 8.5 cm , Th.2.2 cm. Light buff paste. Fine ve medium vegetal and and medium mineral tempered. Slipped in same color as paste. Moderate No burnish. Wheel made. Middle Bronze Age 1-11. Kovuklukaya

l 9

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List of Illustrations

Fig. 1 : Höyük

Fig.2: Cemetery

Fig.3: Bronze Pins from Cemetery

Fig. 4: Br~nze Pin with bone bead from Cemetery

Fig. 5: Tepe

Fig. 6: Potsherds from Tepe

Fig. 7: Potsherds from I

Fig. 8: Pazar Tepesi

Fig. 9: Maltepe-Emiryayla

Fig. 1O: Bayram Tepesi

Fig. 11: Keçi Türbesi

Fig. 12: Stone Building at Kovuklukaya 15

List of Illustrations

Fig. 1: Höyük

Fig.2: Cemetery

Fig.3: Bronze Pins from Cemetery

Fig. 4: Br~nze Pin with bone bead from Cemetery

Fig. 5: Tepe

Fig. 6: Potsherds from Tepe

Fig. 7: Potsherds from 1

Fig. 8: Pazar Tepesi

Fig. 9: Maltepe-Emiryayla

Fig. l O: Bayram Tepesi

Fig. 11 : Keçi Türbesi

Fig. 12: Stone Building at Kovuklukaya