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New Records of Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Sinop Province, Turkey, Including an Annotated List of Species

New Records of Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Sinop Province, Turkey, Including an Annotated List of Species

Kastamonu Uni., Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 2019, 19(1): 11-34 Research Article Univ., Journal of Forestry Faculty Doi:10.17475/kastorman.543393

New Records of (Arachnida: Araneae) from Sinop Province, , Including an Annotated List of Species

Esra ETİRLİ1 , Halil KOÇ*1 , Zafer SANCAK2

1Sinop University, Department of Biology, Sinop, TURKEY 2Kastamonu University, Department of Biology, Kastamonu 37100, TURKEY *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Received Date: 05.03.2018 Accepted Date: 31.12.2018 Abstract Aim of study: This study was conducted to determine the biological richness of spiders from Sinop province, Turkey. Area of study: The studies were carried out on between 41° 12' and 42° 6' northern latitudes and 34° 14' and 35° 26' east longitudes within the Sinop province borders. Material and Methods: Spiders were collected from 2009 to 2015 using four collection methods: using sweep netting, tree beating, active searching and pitfall trapping. Main results: A total of 1766 specimens were collected that represented by 31 families, 133 genera and 200 species. The most diverse families collected are the Salticidae (29 spp.), (29 spp.) and Gnaphosidae (21 spp.). According to previous studies and this work, 31 families, 139 genera, 212 species of spiders are present in Sinop province, of which 192 species are recorded for the first time. Research highlights: Furthermore, one ( Emerton 1882) and three species, namely Asagena meridionalis Kulczyński 1894, Theridion boesenbergi Strand 1904 and (Simon 1873), are new records for Turkey, and are provided with illustrations. Here, we provide the first annotated checklist of the species of Sinop province. Keywords: Species richness, Sinop, Araneae, Fauna, new records, checklist Detaylı Tür Listesini Içeren, Sinop İli Yeni Örümcek (Arachnida: Araneae) Kayıtları

Öz Çalışmanın amacı: Bu çalışma, Sinop örümceklerinin biyolojik zenginliğini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma alanı: Çalışmalar, Sinop İl sınırları içinde, 41° 12' ve 42° 6' kuzey enlemleri ve 34° 14' ve 35° 26' doğu boylamlarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Materyal ve Yöntem: 2009-2015 yılları arasında yapılan arazi çalışmalarında örümcek örnekleri dört yöntem; atrap, dallara vurma, çevrede arama ve çukur tuzak kullanarak toplanmıştır. Temel Sonuçlar: İncelenen toplam 1766 örneğin, 31 familya bağlı 133 cins ve 200 türe ait olduğu tespit edilmiştir. En çok dağılış gösteren familyalar sırasıyla; Salticidae (29 tür), Theridiidae (29 tür) and Gnaphosidae (21 tür)’dır. Daha önce yapılmış olan çalışmalar ve bu çalışma birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, 31 familya, 139 cins ve 212 türün Sinop’ta dağılış gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bahsedilen bu türlerden 192 tür Sinop İl’i için yeni kayıttır. Araştırma vurguları: Araştırma alanından bir cins (Theridula Emerton 1882) ve üç tür, Asagena meridionalis Kulczyński 1894, Theridion boesenbergi Strand 1904 and Theridula gonygaster (Simon 1873), Türkiye için yeni kayıttır. Ayrıca, bu çalışma ile Sinop'un örümcek türlerinin kontrol listesi ilk kez verilmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Tür zenginliği, Sinop, Araneae, fauna, yeni kayıt, kontrol listesi

Introduction Everest to caves and houses (Bayram, 1987). Currently, 4076 genera and 47297 spider Spiders are also hunted by other predators species are classified in 116 families (World hunting for insects. They can reach 1000 Spider Catalog, 2018). A large variety of individuals per square meter under suitable spiders, are found in quite different terrestrial conditions. Spiders that are so dense in and fresh water habitats; from the peaks of nature are thought to be able to stabilize

Citation (Atıf): Etirli, E., Koç, H. & Sancak, Z. (2019). New This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Records of Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Sinop Province, Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Turkey, Including an Annotated List of Species Kastamonu University 11 Journal of Forestry Faculty, 19 (1), 11-34. Kastamonu Uni., Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 2019, 19(1): 11-34 Etirli et al. Kastamonu Univ., Journal of Forestry Faculty

insect populations. Therefore, their role in investigated. Moreover, a preliminary protecting the natural balance, biocontrol checklist for Sinop province is provided. availability, and their nutritional ecology in agricultural ecosystems are being Material and Methods investigated thoroughly (Nyffeler and Benz, Study Area 1987). Sinop is located between 41° 12' and 42° Compared with the number of spiders 6' northern latitudes and 34° 14' and 35° 26' known in the world, studies on spider east longitudes, in the region where the systematics and fauna in Turkey are limited. Eastern and Western climates are Turkey's spider fauna was studied for the intertwined. In the , the sea first time by Karol in 1967. Karol (1967) has increases the humidity of the region and does published a Preliminary List of Spiders of not allow the increase of temperature Turkey I. According to this list, 302 species differences in the coastal regions. However, belonging to 119 genera, 30 families, are because of their highness, the climatic found in Turkey. In later years, Bayram characteristics of the mountains facing north (2002) and Demirsoy (2002) have and south are different. Due to the mountains contributed to the subject with the book running parallel to the coast in the province “Zoogeography of Turkey”. Accordingly, of Sinop, there is no maritime climate. The there are 162 genera and 520 species climate in the coastal zone is moderate. The belonging to 44 families, and six subspecies climate changes in distant districts, such as in Turkey. Topçu, Demir & Seyyar (2005) , Durağan and Saraydüzü. In these published a checklist of spiders of Turkey. districts, a transition climate zone is observed They state that there are 613 species between the Black Sea climate and the belonging to 43 families, and two subspecies. continental climate of Central Anatolia Later, 332 genera belonging to 53 families, (Anonymous, 2012). 1022 species, were listed (Bayram, Kunt & According to the 14-year observations Danışman, 2017). The new list provided by obtained from the Sinop Meteorology Station Demir and Seyyar (2017) raises the total Directorate, average annual temperature is number of species known for Turkey to 1117 14.8°C and average annual precipitation is plus two subspecies, grouped in 339 genera 64.1 mm. and 52 families. However, there are no The natural vegetation is rich and diverse studies on the diversity of spiders in Sinop because the Black Sea climate is rainy and the few previous records are due to throughout the year. The soil structure is very sporadic collections. Brignoli (1978) suitable for the growth of woody herbs since reported 3 families, 5 genera and 5 species it has a stony, clayey and calcareous sandy for Sinop. After that, Buchar and Dolanský character. There are forest, maquis frigana, (2011), Danışman, & Coşar (2012a), sand dune, stream, marsh and lake vegetation Danışman, Erdek, M., Sancak, Z., Coşar types. The natural vegetation covers the (2012b,c) Danışman and Coşar (2016), forests. Climate transition is also evident in Danışman (2014), Özkütük, Kunt, Karakaş & the floristic structure. Mediterranean Danışman, (2015), Coşar (2015), Coşar and vegetation is also found along the coastline Varol (2016), Coşar, Danışman & Tarlabölen of the province; the climate starts to become (2016), Coşar, Danışman & Kartaler (2017) dry towards the south. For this reason, the and Logunov and Demir (2006) found new lush vegetation cover in the north replaces records for 14 species of 12 genera of 8 steppe plants. The main tree species on the families. Until 2018, 11 families, 17 genera coastline of the province are pine, beech, and 19 species have been reported from hornbeam, oak, linden, plane-tree, poplar and Sinop province, which is consistent with the chestnut. As the altitude increases, yellow above information. pine, fir, ash, and elm trees are found. Due to The aim of this study is to contribute to higher in the forest understory, plant density the spider fauna of the Central Black Sea on the forest floor is higher (Baysal, 2008; Region and Turkey, which is not very well Öztürk, 2010).

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Kastamonu Uni., Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 2019, 19(1): 11-34 Etirli et al. Kastamonu Univ., Journal of Forestry Faculty

Material study localities, with their coordinates, Spiders were collected from 67 different elevation and sampling dates, are numbered localities. A total of 1766 adult specimens and given in Table 1. were collected from Sinop and its vicinity (Fig. 1) and 31 families were found. The

Figure 1. Map of Sinop Province and its environs; numbered localities are presented in Table 1.

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Kastamonu Uni., Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 2019,19(1): 11-34 Etirli et al. Kastamonu Univ., Journal of Forestry Faculty

Gerze Gerze Gerze Gerze Gerze Gerze Gerze Gerze Gerze Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Türkeli Türkeli Erfelek Erfelek Merkez Dikmen Dikmen Dikmen Dikmen Dikmen Boyabat Ayancık Ayancık Durağan Durağan Location

7m 5m 19m 63m 90m 94m 10m 54m 80m 745m 850m 420m 790m 350m 362m 477m 650m 780m 882m 100m 400m 600m 651m 200m 172m 731m 942m 477m 560m 545m 1105m 1115m 1243m 1105m Altitude

(E) 0'04.5"E Coordinate Coordinate 35˚10'16.9''E 35˚09'46.6''E 35˚00'12.1''E 34˚56'28.1''E 35˚13'35.4''E 35˚18'20.0''E 35˚11'09.0''E 35˚08'11.3''E 35˚03'14.4''E 35˚09'05.1''E 35˚10'4.24''E 35˚04'59.4''E 35˚01'31.4''E 35˚01'57.5''E 34˚20'52.8''E 34˚18'04.0''E 35˚11'31.7''E 34˚54'51.7''E 34˚54'55.9''E 34˚56'27.7''E 35˚10'7.73''E 34˚44'29.3''E 34˚47'54.8''E 34˚55'26.1''E 34˚46'54.8''E 34˚54'57.9''E 34˚58'58.5''E 34˚53'59.1''E 35˚10'58.7''E 35˚1 35˚06'03.9"E 35˚09'29.7"E 34˚55'19.69''E 34˚34'41.84''E

'N ''N

'45.20''N (N) ˚01'21.35''N Coordinates Coordinates 41˚42'07.6 41˚41'23.8''N 41˚47'32.6''N 41˚46'42.2"N 41˚36'39.6"N 41˚41'43.6''N 41˚34'36.6''N 41˚33'16.6''N 41˚31'00.1''N 41˚30'10.9''N 41˚30'56.9"N 41˚32'36.7''N 41˚32'10.6''N 42˚01'8.11''N 42 41˚47'51.2''N 41˚45'30''N 41˚46'42.7''N 41˚47'32.6''N 41˚56'00.6''N 42˚01'56.2' 41˚42'13.4''N 41˚40'02.1''N 42˚00'25.4''N 42˚01'4.89''N 41˚56'46.2''N 41˚57'08.3''N 41˚53 41˚52'12.0''N 41˚50'22.18''N 42˚01'28.7''N 42˚01'46.0''N 42˚00'46.8''N 41˚43'49.2''N

Date 03.08.2014 11.08.2014 11.08.2014 11.08.2014 12.08.2014 12.08.2014 23.04.2014 23.04.2014 23.04.2014 01.05.2014 01.05.2014 01.05.2014 01.05.2014 01.05.2014 03.05.2014 03.05.2014 04.05.2014 04.05.2014 04.05.2014 17.05.2014 17.05.2014 17.05.2014 19.05.2014 19.05.2014 24.05.2014 24.05.2014 24.05.2014 24.05.2014 31.05.2014 31.05.2014 31.05.2014 31.05.2014 31.05.2014 30.06.2014

46 47 48 49 50 51 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Number

Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Center Erfelek Erfelek Erfelek Boyabat Boyabat Boyabat Boyabat Location

100m 35m 35m 35m 50m 50m 50m 50m 50m 50m 50m 50m 17m 17m 40m 20m 61m 93m 35m 35m 35m 35m 35m 35m 35m 35m 185m 227m 361m 500m 200m 1245m 1090m 1 1250m Altitude

''E 51''E ˚51'17.5''E 35˚11'11''E 34˚50'53''E 35˚11'0.1''E 35˚11'0.1''E 35˚11'31.9''E 35˚11'17.1''E 34 34˚53'06.1''E 34˚49'1.21''E 34˚52'19.4''E 34˚59'34.3''E 34˚57'59.2''E 34˚55'43.2''E 34˚46’52.5''E 35˚04'33.51''E 35˚04'33.51''E 35˚04'33.51''E 35˚01'55.95''E 35˚01'55.95''E 35˚01'55.95''E 35˚01'55.95''E 35˚01'55.95''E 35˚01'55.95 35˚01'55.95''E 35˚01'55.95''E 35˚04'33.51''E 35˚04'33.51''E 35˚04'33.51''E 35˚04'33.51''E 35˚04'33.51''E 35˚04'33.51''E 35˚04'33. 35˚04'33.51''E 35˚04'35.036''E Coordinate (E) Coordinate

(N) Coordinate Coordinate 42˚00'33.75''N 42˚00'33.75''N 42˚00'33.75''N 42˚00'33.75''N 42˚00'33.75''N 42˚00'33.75''N 42˚00'33.75''N 42˚00'33.75''N 42˚00'33.75''N 42˚00'33.75''N 42˚01'56.2''N 42˚02'03.0''N 41˚37'30.6''N 43˚03'44.01''N 42˚01'10.4''N 42˚01'10.4''N 42˚01'11''N 41˚37'12.1''N 41˚34'3.89''N 41˚37'39.3''N 42˚00'55.92''N 42˚04'24.3''N 42˚04'54.4''N 41˚52'13.4''N 41˚50'27.5''N 41˚53'34.0''N 42˚00'33.75''N 43˚03'44.01''N 43˚03'44.01''N 43˚03'44.01''N 43˚03'44.01''N 43˚03'44.01''N 43˚03'44.01''N 43˚03'44.01''N

Date .03.2014 15.10.2010 15.08.2012 20.01.2014 10 09.04.2014 31.05.2014 23.06.2014 17.07.2014 03.08.2014 22.09.2014 05.04.2014 05.04.2014 23.04.2014 26.08.2014 02.04.2011 14.03.2009 17.04.2011 27.05.2012 27.05.2012 27.05.2012 12.10.2012 11.05.2013 11.05.2013 10.11.2013 10.11.2013 21.11.2013 04.12.2013 07.11.2010 28.11.2010 19.12.2010 08.01.2011 22.01.2011 26.02.2011 13.03.2011

. List of localities where the spider were collected were the spider where .of List localities

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 15 16 14 11 12 10 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 13.6 13.7 13.8 13.9 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.10 13.11 Number Table 1 Table

14 Kastamonu Uni., Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 2019,19(1) 11-34 Etirli et al. Kastamonu Univ., Journal of Forestry Faculty

Gerze Gerze Gerze Gerze Gerze Gerze Center Center Türkeli Ayancık Ayancık

5m 71m 95m 200m 212m 240m 240m 240m 352m 100m

34˚18'04.0''E 34˚42'35.4''E 34˚36'04.4''E 35˚02'29.7''E 35˚13'49.1''E 35˚13'53.1''E 35˚13'53.1''E 35˚13'53.1''E 35˚13'26.4''E 35˚07'50.3"E

.5"N 41˚56'00.6''N 41˚56'26.3''N 41˚53'03.2''N 42˚03'37 41˚43'53.2''N 41˚44'21.9''N 41˚44'21.9''N 41˚44'21.9''N 41˚44'31.1''N 42˚01'12.9"N

14.08.2014 26.08.2014 16.11.2014 16.11.2014 17.05.2014 12.10.2014 16.11.2014 01.01.2015 12.08.2014 14.08.2014

62 63 64 66 67 51 61 65.1 65.2 65.3

Türkeli Türkeli Türkeli Boyabat Ayancık Ayancık Ayancık Saraydüzü Saraydüzü Saraydüzü

642m 705m 510m 540m 194m 657m 697m 277m 1178m 1287m

'39.7''E 34˚17'16.1''E 34˚20'27.4''E 34˚45'37.7''E 34˚47'50.9''E 34˚47'56.8''E 34˚45 34˚46'01.0''E 34˚54'06.8''E 34˚21'16.9''E 34˚38'11.3"E

41˚52'52.0"N 41˚38'09.2''N 41˚52'37.7''N 41˚54'28.2''N 41˚48'52.1''N 41˚15'55.1''N 41˚20'29.5''N 41˚19'53.2''N 41˚52'31''N 41˚51'32.4''N

14.08.2014 23.04.2014 12.08.2014 12.08.2014 12.08.2014 13.08.2014 13.08.2014 13.08.2014 14.08.2014 14.08.2014

56 57 58 59 60 17 52 53 54 55 Table (continued) 1

15 Kastamonu Uni., Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 2019, 19(1), 11-34 Etirli et al. Kastamonu Univ., Journal of Forestry Faculty

We used hand collecting, soil and litter EOS 70D camera attached to a Zeiss Stemi sampling, beating and/or sweeping 2000-C stereomicroscope. vegetation, and pitfall trapping to collect For consistency purposes, we follow the spiders from rocks (underneath), crevices, currently accepted names, as listed in the logs and debris; under loose bark of dead World Spider Catalog (2018). Family order trees, stumps and the forest understory. is based on the database prepared by Bayram, Captured spiders were transferred by Kunt & Danışman (2017). The species name aspirator to small jars or vials containing and genus are sorted in alphabetical order. 70% ethyl alcohol. In the laboratory, all spiders were sorted, counted and identified Results and discussion using appropriate literature. All collected Spider families, species and locality spiders were taken to the laboratory, placed numbers are listed in order for convenience. in small dishes, submerged in alcohol, and After each listed species, the distribution by examined using stereo-zoom microscopes. realm (Palaearctic, Holarctic, Cosmopolitan We used the identification keys of etc.) is given, based chiefly on the Nentwig, Blick, Gloor, Hänggi & Kropf designations (Table 2). In addition, the (2017), and followed the World Spider number of male and female individuals Catalog (2018) for the nomenclature and collected for each species and the total of spiders. Voucher specimens number of individuals caught by family were stored in 70% ethanol and deposited in members are also included in Table 2. the Department of Biology, Faculty of Subadult individuals are not included in this Science and Art, Sinop University, Sinop. list. Specimens were photographed using a Canon

Table 2. Families and species, distribution, localities and number of male and female spiders collected in Sinop

Family: SCYTODIDAE Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ Scytodes thoracica Holarctic, Pasific [1.1] [5] [30] [39] 3 9 (Latreille 1802) [38] [37] [47] Total 12 Family: PHOLCIDAE Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ Holocnemus pluchei , Northern [1.2] [51] 2 2 (Scopoli 1763) Pholcus phalangioides Cosmopolitan [13.7] [67] 1 1 (Fuesslin 1775) Total 6 Family: SEGESTRIIDAE Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ Segestria florentina European to , [46] 0 1 (Rossi 1790) Brazil, Uruguay, Segestria senoculata Palearctic [42] [53] [55] [62] 0 4 (Linnaeus 1758) Total 5

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Table 2 (continued)

Family: DYSDERIDAE Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ Dysdera crocota Cosmopolitan [2.1] [2.2] [14] [15] 7 4 C.L. Koch 1838 [16] [65.1] Harpactea korgei Turkey [17] [20] [34] [35] 4 4 Brignoli 1979 [43] Total 19 Family: MIMETIDAE Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ Ero aphana Palearctic [13.8] 0 1 (Walckenaer 1802) Mimetus laevigatus Mediterranean-Asian [37] 0 3 (Keyserling 1863) Total 4 Family: OECOBIIDAE Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ Oecobius maculatus Mediterranean to [37] 1 1 Simon 1870 Total 2 Family: ULOBORIDAE Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ Hyptiotes paradoxus European, Turkey, [61] [11] [41] [59] 8 3 (C.L. Koch 1834) Caucasia [60] [65.3] Uloborus walckenaerius Palearctic [57] [58] 1 2 Latreille 1806 Total 14 Family: THERIDIIDAE Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ Anelosimus vittatus Palearctic [23] [25] [28] [30] 13 43 (C.L. Koch 1836) [33] [36] [37] [38] [43] [39] [44] [47] [59] [60] [65.2] *Asagena meridionalis East European to Georgia [4] 1 0 Kulczyński 1894 Palearctic [16] [23] 1 1 (Panzer 1801) Crustulina guttata Palearctic [10] [15] [30] [38] 1 3 (Wider 1834) Dipoena melanogaster European, [36] [65.2] 2 1 (C.L. Koch 1837) to Azerbaijan, Enoplognatha ovata Holarctic [62] [53] 0 2 (Clerck 1757) Enoplognatha thoracica Holarctic [4] 1 0 (Hahn 1833) maculipes , [53] 1 0 Cavanna 1876 , Turkey

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Table 2 (continued)

Episinus truncatus Europe, Turkey, [53] 0 1 Latreille 1809 Euryopis flavomaculata Palearctic [42] 1 0 (C.L. Koch 1836) Heterotheridion Palearctic [49] [53] [55] 0 3 nigrovariegatum (Simon, 1873) Kochiura aulica Canarian Islands, Cape [28] [37] [65.1] 10 9 (C.L. Koch 1838) Verde Islands to [65.2] [65.3] Azerbaijan Lasaeola tristis European to Middle Asia [44] 2 0 (Hahn 1833) Neottiura bimaculata Holarctic [44] 1 0 Linnaeus 1767 Parasteatoda lunata Palearctic [45] [63] 0 4 (Clerck 1757) Parasteatoda Cosmopolitan [7] [13.5] [13.7] 14 24 tepidariorum [13.8] (C.L. Koch 1841) Phycosoma inornatum European to Middle Asia [27] 1 0 (O.P.-Cambridge 1861) Platnickina tincta Holarctic [27] [36] [38] [39] 7 14 (Walckenaer 1802) [42] [43] [44] [47] [63] Robertus arundineti Palearctic [24] [42] [50] 1 4 (O.P.-Cambridge 1871) Simitidion simile Holarctic [34] [44] [51] [65.2] 1 6 (C.L. Koch 1836) Steatoda albomaculata Cosmopolitan [37] 0 1 (De Geer 1778) Steatoda bipunctata Holarctic [35] 0 1 (Linnaeus 1758) Steatoda grossa Cosmopolitan [13.2] 1 0 (C.L. Koch 1838) Steatoda paykulliana European, Mediterranean [2.1] [2.2] [4] [13.4] 3 6 (Walckenaer 1805) to Middle Asia [15] [19] [34] [65.3] Steatoda triangulosa Cosmopolitan [7] [13.1] [13.8] 3 6 (Walckenaer 1802) *Theridion boesenbergi European, Caucasia [43] 0 1 Strand 1904 Theridion melanurum Holarctic, Azor [65.2] 1 0 Hahn 1831 Theridion varians Holarctic [26] [27] [29] [30] 2 5 Hahn 1833 [50] [53] [63] *Theridula gonygaster Cosmopolitan [10] 0 1 (Simon 1873) Total 204

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Table 2 (continued)

Family: LINYPHIIDAE Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ Agyneta rurestris Palearctic [65.3] 1 0 (C.L. Koch 1836) Centromerus albidus European, Turkey [17] [26] [30] [43] 0 9 Simon 1929 Centromerus sylvaticus Holarctic [1.6] [1.7] 4 0 (Blackwall 1841) Cresmatoneta mutinensis Palearctic [13.4] 0 1 (Canestrini 1868) Erigone dentipalpis Holarctic [25] 1 0 (Wider 1834) Erigonoplus , Crete, [16] 1 0 spinifemuralis , , Dimitrov 2003 Turkey, Frontinellina frutetorum Palearctic [5] [23] [24] [32] 22 62 (C.L. Koch 1834) [34] [35] [36] [37] [39] [42] [44] [47] [48] [52] [57] [59] [65.2] Gnathonarium dentatum Palearctic [45] 1 0 (Wider 1834) Lepthyphantes leprosus Holarctic, Chile [59] 0 1 (Ohlert 1865) Linyphia hortensis Palearctic [42] 1 7 Sundevall 1830 Linyphia triangularis Palearctic, USA [47] [49] [53] [54] 15 0 (Clerck 1757) [59] Neriene furtiva European, North Africa, [1.2] 1 0 (O. P.-Cambridge , Ukraine 1871) Neriene peltata Palearctic, Greenland [20] [27] [37] [36] 0 6 (Wider 1834) [43] Neriene radiata Holarctic [8] [21] [27] [40] 8 29 (Walckenaer 1841) [61] Oedothorax gibbosus Palearctic [45] 0 1 (Blackwall 1841) Palliduphantes khobarum Greece, Turkey, Ukraine, [1.2.] [1.4] [1.5] [1.6] 8 11 (Charitonov 1947) Russia, Middle Asia [1.7] [33] [40] [42] Prinerigone vagans [28] [44] 2 0 (Audouin 1826) Stemonyphantes Turkey [1.1] [1.2] [1.3] [1.5] 4 5 montanus [2.2] [10] [20] [50] Wunderlich 1978 Tenuiphantes flavipes European [1.5] [1.2] [11] [24] 2 31 (Blackwall,1854) [26] [27] [31] [39] [43] [50] [65.1]

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Table 2 (continued)

Trematocephalus Palearctic [21] [27] 2 1 cristatus (Wider 1834) Total 237 Family: TETRAGNATHIDAE Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ Metellina mengei European to Caucasia, [10] [21] [27] [35] 7 11 (Blackwall 1869) Altay, Iran Metellina segmentata Palearctic [10] [11] [12] [26] 16 17 (Clerck 1757) [28] [42] [43] [47] [60] [65.1] [66] Tetragnatha extensa Holarctic, Madeira [65.2] 1 0 (Linnaeus 1758) Tetragnatha montana Palearctic [8] [24] [39] 2 1 Simon 1874 Tetragnatha obtusa Palearctic [11] [24] [30] [36] 1 9 C.L. Koch 1837 [43] [52] [54] [55] Total 65 Family: ARANEIDAE Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ Agalenatea redii Palearctic [18] [65.2] 1 2 (Scopoli 1763) angulatus Palearctic [1.8] [13.9] [13.10] 0 4 Clerck 1757 [59] Araneus diadematus Holarctic [10] [11] 0 5 Clerck 1757 Araneus sturmi Palearctic [43] 0 1 (Hahn 1831) Araniella cucurbitina Palearctic [23] [34] [37] [38] 7 14 (Clerck 1757) [39] [42] [44] Argiope bruennichi Palearctic [13.10] [48] [57] 2 12 (Scopoli 1772) [65.3] Argiope lobata Old World [56] [57] 2 4 (Pallas 1772) Cyclosa conica Holarctic [5] [8] [23] [27] [34] 2 4 (Pallas 1772) Cyrtarachne ixoides Mediterranean to [45] 0 1 (Simon 1870) Georgia, Gibbaranea Palearctic [21] 0 1 bituberculata (Walckenaer 1802) Hypsosinga albovittata Palearctic [4] [6] 2 0 (Westring 1851) Hypsosinga pygmaea Holarctic [13.11] [47] 1 1 (Sundevall 1831) Hypsosinga sanguinea Palearctic [32] 1 1 (C.L. Koch 1844)

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Table 2 (continued)

Larinioides cornutus Holarctic [13.4] [13.6] [13.9] 2 4 (Clerck 1757) Larinioides suspicax European, North Africa [7] [13.5] 0 4 (O. P.-Cambridge, to Middle Asia 1876) Mangora acalypha Palearctic [8] [23] [24] [28] 53 61 (Walckenaer 1802) [32] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [44] [42] [51] [54] [59] [62] [65.2] Neoscona adianta Palearctic [7] [13.10] [47] 0 7 (Walckenaer 1802) Neoscona subfusca Old World [45] [56] [58] [62] 0 4 (C.L. Koch 1837) Nuctenea umbratica European to Azerbaijan [13.7] [42] 1 1 (Clerck 1757) Zilla diodia European to Azerbaijan [8] [9] [23] [24] [25] 16 35 (Walckenaer 1802) [26] [27] [28] [30] [31] [37] [51] [65.2] Total 256 Family: LYCOSIDAE Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ Alopecosa farinosa Palearctic [13.5] [16] [17] 3 11 (Herman 1879) [65.2] Alopecosa albofasciata Mediterranean to Middle [8] [9] [13.5] [18] 9 30 (Brullé 1832) Asia [22] [23] [28] [34] [36] [37] [38] [45] [65.2] Alopecosa cursor Palearctic [17] 0 2 (Hahn 1831) Alopecosa pulverulenta Palearctic [16] [19] [23] [26] 6 6 (Clerck 1757) [28] [32] [42] Aulonia albimana Palearctic [23] [32] [34] [36] 4 7 (Walckenaer 1805) [38] [41] [42] Hogna radiata Middle European to [13.11] [48] 1 2 (Latreille 1817) Middle Asia, Iran, Middle Africa Pardosa hortensis Palearctic [8] [9] [13.5] [16] 6 19 (Thorell 1872) [17] [23] [24] [26] [42] [43] Pardosa lugubris Western and Central [8] [17] [20] [26] 23 11 (Walckenaer 1802) Palearctic [55] [42] Trochosa hispanica Mediterranean to Middle [8] [13.4] [28] [39] 0 5 Simon 1870 Asia, Iran Trochosa terricola Holarctic [2.1] [13.5] 2 1 Thorell 1856 Total 148

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Table 2 (continued)

Family: PISAURIDAE Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ Pisaura mirabilis Palearctic [8] [23] [24] [27] 2 16 (Clerck 1757) [29] [32] [34] [36] [38] [39] Total 18 Family: OXYOPIDAE Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ Oxyopes heterophthalmus Palearctic [56] 0 1 (Latreille 1804) Oxyopes lineatus Palearctic [56] [57] [62] [65.3] 0 9 Latreille 1806 Total 10 Family: Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ Agelena orientalis to Middle Asia, Iran [48] [51] [56] [57] 0 13 C.L. Koch 1837 [58] [59] [61] [62] [65.3] Allagelena gracilens Middle European, [59] 0 1 (C.L. Koch 1841) Mediterranean to Middle Asia Maimuna vestita East Mediterranean [2.2] [14] [15] 1 5 (C.L. Koch 1841) argaeica Bulgaria, Turkey [1.1] [1.2] [1.3] 21 0 Nosek 1905 Tegenaria dalmatica Mediterranean to Ukraine [2.2] 0 2 Kulczyński 1906 Tegenaria domestica Cosmopolitan [39] [43] 0 3 (Clerck 1757) Tegenaria hasperi to Turkey [28] [45] [51] 1 2 Chyzer 1897 Textrix denticulata European, Turkey [31] [32] [35] [42] 1 12 (Olivier 1789) [48] [50] [55] [60] Total 62 Family: HAHNIIDAE Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ Hahnia nava Palearctic [38] 0 1 (Blackwall 1841) montana European, Turkey, Russia [1.2] [1.3] [1.6] [34] 3 5 (Blackwall 1841) [35] [48] [55] Total 9 Family: DICTYNIDAE Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ Brigittea latens European to Middle Asia [16] [23] [32] [34] 8 4 (Fabricius 1775) [35] [44] Dictyna arundinacea Holarctic [30] [42] [44] 1 2 (Linnaeus 1758)

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Table 2 (continued)

Dictyna uncinata Palearctic [21] [23] [25] [26] 6 9 Thorell 1856 [30] [31] [33] [35] Lathys humilis Palearctic [21] [23] [28] [30] 6 26 (Blackwall 1855) [38] [40] [42] [43] [44] Lathys lehtineni Ukraine, Turkey [16] [37] 0 12 Kovblyuk, Kastrygina and Omelko 2014 Nigma flavescens European [20] [21] [26] [30] 25 25 (Walckenaer 1830) [33] [35] [39] [42] [44] Total 124 Family: AMAUROBIIDAE Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ Amaurobius erberi European, Canarian [1.4] [1.1] [1.2] [2.1] 14 36 (Keyserling 1863) Island [2.2] [10] [16] [17] [21] [26] [27] [30] [34] [36] [38] [43] [44] [55] [65.3] [65.2] Total 50 Family: TITANOECIDAE Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ Nurscia albomaculata European, Turkey, [13.8] 2 0 (Lucas 1846) to Middle Asia Total 2 Family: EUTICHURIDAE Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ European to Middle Asia [13.3] 1 0 Thorell 1875 Cheiracanthium Palearctic [38] 0 1 erraticum (Walckenaer 1802) Holarctic, Argentina [23] [29] [34] [37] 4 4 L. Koch 1864 [39] Total 10 Family: Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ Zora spinimana Palearctic [20] [21] [25] [35] 3 8 (Sundevall 1833) [39] [44] Total 11

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Table 2 (continued)

Family: Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ accentuata European to Middle Asia, [24] [36] [38] 2 3 (Walckenaer 1802) Iran Anyphaena sabina European, Turkey, [24] [34] [36] 0 5 L. Koch 1866 Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan Total 10 Family: LIOCRANIDAE Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ Agroeca proxima European, Russia, Turkey [1.1] [1.3] [1.2] [1.7] 5 7 (O. P.-Cambridge [10] [25] [26] [28] 1871) Total 12 Family: PHRUROLITHIDAE Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ Phrurolithus festivus Palearctic [24] [32] [50] [65.2] 7 1 (C.L. Koch 1835) Total 8 Family: CLUBIONIDAE Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ Clubiona comta European, Russia, North [21] [23] [24] [27] 2 19 C.L. Koch 1839 Africa [28] [30] [33] [35] [39] [43] Clubiona neglecta Palearctic [43] 0 1 O. P.-Cambridge 1862 Total 22 Family: ZODARIIDAE Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ Zodarion abantense Turkey, Russia, Georgia [27] [30] [60] 2 4 Wunderlich 1980 Total 6 Family: GNAPHOSIDAE Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ Aphantaulax cincta European, Turkey, North [29] [23] 4 0 (L. Koch 1866) Africa, Callilepis cretica Macedonia, Greece, Crete, [56] 0 1 (Roewer 1928) Turkey, Azerbaijan Callilepis nocturna Palearctic [4] [6] 0 3 (Linnaeus 1758) Drassodes lapidosus Palearctic [4] [16] [24] [32] [34] 21 20 (Walckenaer 1802) [36] [37] [38] [39] [41] [42] [43]

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Table 2 (continued)

Drassodes pubescens Palearctic [32] 1 0 (Thorell 1856) Drassyllus praeficus European to Middle Asia [34] [38] 2 3 (L. Koch 1866) Gnaphosa lucifuga Palearctic [4] [6] [16] [32] 2 11 (Walckenaer 1802) Gnaphosa opaca European to Middle Asia [3] 0 1 Herman 1879 Haplodrassus Palearctic, [4] 0 1 dalmatensis (L. Koch 1866) Haplodrassus minor European, Ukraine, [39] [41] 0 2 (O. P.-Cambridge Russia 1879) Haplodrassus signifer Holarctic [3] [4] [16] [41] 1 6 (C.L. Koch 1839) Micaria albovittata Palearctic [4] 1 2 (Lucas 1846) Micaria dives (Lucas Palearctic [4] 2 0 1846) Nomisia aussereri Palearctic [64] [65.3] 0 3 (L. Koch 1872) Nomisia exornata European to Middle Asia [34] 0 2 (C.L. Koch 1839) Poecilochroa variana European to Middle Asia [32] 0 1 (C.L. Koch 1839) Scotophaeus scutulatus European to Middle Asia, [35] 0 1 (L. Koch 1866) Algeria Trachyzelotes pedestris European to Iran [39] [41] 0 2 (C.L. Koch 1837) Zelotes apricorum European to [26] [55] 0 2 (L. Koch 1876) Zelotes strandi Bulgaria, Turkey [1.1] [16] [32] [34] 4 20 (Nosek 1905) [36] [37] [42] [65.3] Zelotes tenuis Mediterranean to Russia, [45] 0 1 (L. Koch 1866) Iran, USA Total 120 Family: SPARASSIDAE Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ Micrommata virescens Palearctic [23] [25] 0 2 (Clerck 1757) Total 2 Family: Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ aureoles European [48] [55] [62] 0 3 (Clerck 1757)

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Table 2 (continued)

Philodromus dispar European to Middle Asia [21] [27] [38] [41] 0 8 Walckenaer 1826 [44] Philodromus krausi Greece, Turkey [40] 0 1 Muster and Thaler 2004 Philodromus rufus Holarctic [25] [27] [29] [33] 2 8 Walckenaer 1826 [36] [37] [38] [44] [65.2] Pulchellodromus Mediterranean [34] 1 0 pulchellus (Lucas 1846) Total 23 Family: Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ Cozyptila thaleri Greece, Turkey, Ukraine [42] 0 1 Marusik and Kovblyuk 2005 Diaea dorsata Palearctic [27] [37] 1 1 (Fabricius 1777) Misumena vatia Holarctic [9] [23] [24] [25] 10 8 (Clerck 1757) [26] [29] [37] [42] [44] [45] [65.2] Ozyptila praticola Holarctic [42] 0 1 (C.L. Koch 1837) Ozyptila sanctuaria European [1.1] [65.3] 6 0 (O. P.-Cambridge 1871) truncatus Palearctic [29] 1 0 (Pallas 1772) Runcinia grammica Palearctic, St. Helena, [45] 2 0 (C.L. Koch 1837) , Lesotho Synema globosum Palearctic [9] [65.2] 1 7 (Fabricius 1775) onustus Palearctic [23] [28] [34] [65.2] 4 3 Walckenaer 1805 piger Palearctic [8] 1 1 (Walckenaer 1802) Xysticus acerbus European to Middle Asia [44] 0 1 Thorell 1872 Xysticus audax Palearctic [44] 0 2 (Schrank 1803) Xysticus cristatus Palearctic [28] [32] [33] [37] 0 6 (Clerck 1757) [44] Xysticus kochi European, Mediterranean [4] [23] [27] [28] 4 4 Thorell 1872 to Middle Asia [32] [37] Xysticus lanio Palearctic [21] [23] [29] [38] 6 5 C.L. Koch 1835 [39] [44] Xysticus striatipes Palearctic [32] 0 1 L. Koch 1870 Total 77

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Table 2 (continued)

Family: SALTICIDAE Taxon Distribution Locality ♂ ♀ Aelurillus v-insignitus Palearctic [37] [15] [14] [28] 5 1 (Clerck 1757) Ballus chalybeius European, North Africa [26] [27] [28] [29] 3 9 (Walckenaer 1802) to Middle Asia [33] [35] [38] [65.2] xanthogramma Palearctic [23] [26] [29] [65.2] 5 6 (Latreille 1819) Chalcoscirtus infimus South, Middle European [37] 2 1 (Simon 1868) to Middle Asia Euophrys frontalis Palearctic [6] [16] [32] [38] 6 1 (Walckenaer 1802) [37] [43] Euophrys herbigrada Europe [26] [30] [38] 5 7 (Simon 1871) Evarcha arcuata Palearctic [13.8] [25] [29] [34] 1 15 (Clerck 1757) [37] [38] [47] [65.2] [65.3] Evarcha falcata Palearctic [20] [21] [23] [29] 11 1 (Clerck 1757) [30] [38] [39] [61] Heliophanus auratus Palearctic [16] [42] [47] 1 2 C.L. Koch 1835 Heliophanus cupreus Palearctic [26] [28] [29] [33] 16 13 (Walckenaer 1802) [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [42] [62] [65.2] Heliophanus flavipes Palearctic [4] [36] [65.2] 3 2 (Hahn 1832) Heliophanus kochii Palearctic, USA [28] [32] [34] [37] 5 4 Simon 1868 [57] Heliophanus tribulosus European to Middle Asia [28] [37] [38] [56] 4 3 Simon 1868 [61] Macaroeris nidicolens to Cyprus, [23] [25] [37] [38] 3 9 (Walckenaer 1802) Turkey, [48] [56] [58] [62] [65.2] Marpissa muscosa Palearctic [21] 0 1 (Clerck 1757) Neon levis (Simon 1871) Palearctic [26] 1 0 Neon reticulatus Holarctic [40] [51] 0 3 (Blackwall 1853) Pellenes nigrociliatus Palearctic [65.2] 0 1 (Simon 1875) Philaeus chrysops Palearctic [6] [34] [37] [39] 6 3 (Poda 1761) Phintella castriesiana Palearctic [23] [24] [25] [29] 2 3 (Grube 1861) Phlegra fasciata Palearctic [28] [32] [34] [37] 6 9 (Hahn 1826) [39] [41] [47] [65.2] Pseudeuophrys erratica Palearctic [21] [25] [26] [31] 4 1 (Walckenaer 1826) [49]

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Table 2 (continued)

Pseudeuophrys obsoleta Palearctic [3] [4] [16] [19] [34] 3 17 (Simon 1868) [37] [38] [41] Pseudicius picaceus Mediterranean to [37] 1 0 (Simon 1868) Azerbaijan Salticus noordami Greece, Turkey, Israel, [62] 0 1 Metzner 1999 Iran Sittipub pubescens European, Morocco, [42] 1 0 (Fabricius, 1775) Turkey, Russia Synageles dalmaticus Mediterranean [45] 0 1 (Keyserling 1863) Synageles hilarulus Palearctic [59] 0 1 (C.L. Koch 1846) Talavera aequipes Palearctic [34] [38] [43] [47] 0 9 (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871) Total 218 *New record for Turkey

A total of 1766 adult (627 male and 1139 Zodariidae found were represented by one female) spiders were collected, representing species each (Table 2). 200 species belonging to 133 genera in 31 The prevalence of the Araneidae, families; 35.50% of the spiders collected Linyphiidae and Theriididae in the samples is were male and 64.50% female. Most of the probably due to the sampling method used. species in the study area are Palearctic in Many of our collected grass-dwelling and terms of their distribution. During the field ground-dwelling spiders (Araneidae, trips, only some male or female individuals Linyphiidae and Theridiidae) are usually were found for some of the species obtained associated with low vegetation. The grass- from the research area. The most species-rich dwelling and ground-dwelling spider species spider families are the Theridiidae (29 spp.) were mostly obtained using both methods and the Salticidae (29 spp.) followed by the (sweep-netting and beating sheet). Besides, Gnaphosidae (21 spp.), Araneidae (20 spp.), since the sweep-netting in our study was Linyphiidae (20 spp.), and Thomisidae (16 carried out only during the daytime, it was spp.) (Table 2). The most abundant family in restricted to diurnal spider species (e.g. the field was the Araneidae (14%), followed families Pisauridae, Salticidae and by the Linyphiidae (13%), Theriididae Oxyopidae), while the pitfall traps collected (12%), Salticidae (12%), Lycosidae (8%), both diurnally active spiders (Lycosidae and Gnaphosidae (7%), and Dictynidae (7%) Zoridae) and nocturnally active ones (Figure 2). Sancak (2007) reported that the (Clubionidae, Gnaphosidae and Liocranidae). most abundant family was the Lycosidae, The ground-dwelling spiders were collected followed by the Araneidae, Theriididae, using pitfall traps; trapping was continuous, Linyphiidae and Salticidae from the Eastern with traps being kept open from 2009 to Black Sea Region. All the genera of the 2012. For this reason, this study is poor in families Amaurobiidae, Liocranidae, terms of nocturnal species and ground- Miturgidae, Oecobiidae, Phrurolithidae, dwelling spiders. Scytodidae, Sparassidae, Titanoecidae and

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Figure 2. Percentage of species richness per family of spiders recorded in Sinop

Frontinellina frutetorum (C.L. Koch spiders: Argiope lobata (Pallas 1772), 1834), Anelosimus vittatus (C. L. Koch Larinioides cornutus (Clerck 1757), Araneus 1836), Mangora acaylpha (Walckenaer diadematus Clerck 1757 belonging to family 1802) and Amaurobius erberi (Keyserling Araneidae; Cheiracanthium mildei (C.L. 1863) are the most common species in Koch 1864) to family Eutichuridae; Segestria different localities, while the following florentina (Rossi 1790) to family species were found in a few localities, but Segestridae; Steatoda grossa (C.L. Koch they were sampled in higher numbers in the 1838) and Steatoda paykulliana (Walckenaer same localities: Zilla diodia (Walckenaer 1805) to family Theridiidae (Bayram et al., 1802) and Nigma flavescens (Walckenaer 2007). Some species, namely, Alopecosa 1830). taeniopus (Kulczyński 1895), Myrmarachne In a faunistic study on the Linyphiidae formicaria (De Geer 1778), Orthobula family in the Black Sea Region, 14 genera charitonovi (Mikhailov 1986), Cyclosa and 17 species were recorded (Karabulut, oculata (Walckenaer 1802), Cicurina 2011; Karabulut and Türkeş, 2011). In our paphlagoniae Brignoli 1978, Walckenaeria study, 18 genera and 22 species belonging to furcillata (Menge 1869) and Clubiona the Linyphiidae family were found. The terrestris Westring 1851 Coelotes sinopensis following species are common to both (Danışman, Karanfil & Coşar 2016), studies: Linyphia hortensis Sundevall 1830, Pellenes seriatus (Thorell 1875), Linyphia triangularis (Clerck 1757), barbipes (Simon 1868), Walckenaeria Centromerus sylvaticus (Blackwall 1841), cirriceps Thaler 1996 that were previously Neriene peltata (Wider 1834), Neriene reported for Sinop province (Topçu, Demir, radiata (Walckenaer, 1841), Frontinellina & Seyyar, 2005; Buchar and Dolanský, 2011; frutetorum (C.L. Koch 1834) and Danışman et al., 2012a, 2012b, 2016; Lepthyphantes leprosus (Ohlert 1865). Danışman, 2014; Danışman and Coşar, 2016; The following spider species collected Brignoli, 1978; Coşar and Varol, 2016) were from the study area are known venomous not found during this study (Table 3). In

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addition, Brignoli (1978), Coşar (2015), (Walckenaer 1802), Xysticus kochii Thorell Danışman, Coşar, Erdek & Sancak (2012d), 1872, Pseudicius picaceus (Simon, 1868) Logunov and Demir (2006), Özkütük et al., Harpactea korgei Brignoli 1979 and (2015) and Coşar et al., (2017) reported Haplodrassus minor (O.P.-Cambridge 1879) species such as Neoscona adianta that were also collected during the present (Walckenaer 1802) Mangora acalypha study (Table 3).

Table 3. Spiders according to records published until 2018 and results of this study Family Present species Previously Reported Study Family: Dysderidae Harpactea korgei Brignoli, 1979 Özkütük et al., 2015 √ Family: Linyphiidae Walckenaeria furcillata (Menge, 1869) Danışman 2014 Walckenaeria cirriceps Thaler, 1996 Danışman and Coşar 2016 Family: Araneidae Neoscona adianta (Walckenaer, 1802) Brignoli 1978 √ Cyclosa oculata (Walckenaer 1802), Brignoli 1978 Mangora acalypha (Walckenaer, 1802) Brignoli 1978 √ Family: Lycosidae Alopecosa taeniopus (Kulczyński, 1895) Buchar and Dolanský 2011 Family: Agelenidae Pireneitega cottarellii (Brignoli, 1978) Brignoli 1978 Coelotes sinopensis Danışman, Karanfil & Coşar, 2016 Danışman et al. 2016 Family: Dictynidae Cicurina paphlagoniae Brignoli, 1978 Brignoli 1978 Family: Phrurolithidae Orthobula charitonovi (Mikhailov, 1986) Danışman et al. 2012c Family: Clubionidae Clubiona terrestris Westring, 1851 Danışman et al. 2012b Family: Gnaphosidae Haplodrassus minor (O. P.-Cambridge, 1879) Coşar et al. 2017 √ Family: Thomisidae Xysticus kochi Thorell, 1872 Logunov and Demir 2006 √ Xysticus tenebrosus Silhavy, 1944 Coşar et al. 2016 Family: Salticidae Pellenes seriatus (Thorell, 1875) Coşar and Varol 2016 Saitis barbipes (Simon, 1868) Coşar and Varol 2016 Pseudicius picaceus (Simon, 1868) Danışman et al. 2012b, 2012a √ Neon levis (Simon, 1871) Coşar 2015 √

Regarding the new records for Turkey, 1882 and the species Asagena meridionalis one genus and three species have not been Kulczyński 1894 (Figure 3), Theridion reported previously from the country. For boesenbergi Strand 1904 (Figure 4) and Theridiidae, the genus Theridula Emerton

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Theridula gonygaster (Simon, 1873) (Figure Region being so poorly known, each research 5) are reported for the first time from Turkey. effort contributes to our understanding of the The current study provides the first geographical distribution of spider species. detailed report on the spider richness of This study presents new distribution records Sinop province. With the ecology and for 192 species and indicates that spider diversity of the spider fauna of the Black Sea diversity in Sinop province may be greater.

Figure 3. Asagena meridionalis Kulczyński 1894, male, , ventral view. Scale bar=1mm.

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Figure 4. Theridion boesenbergi Strand 1904, female, ventral view of epigyne. Scale bar=1mm.

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Kastamonu Uni., Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 2019, 19(1), 11-34 Etirli et al. Kastamonu Univ., Journal of Forestry Faculty

Figure 5. Theridula gonygaster (Simon 1873), female, ventral view of epigyne. Scale bar=1mm.

Acknowledgement Baysal, M. (2008). Çangal ormanı (Sinop- This study was financially supported by Ayancık) vasküler bitkiler florası. Doktora Tezi, Üniversitesi, Ankara. Sinop University, Coordinatorship of Brignoli, P.M. (1978). Ragni di Turchia V. Specie Research Projects, with ID Number FEF- nuove o interessanti, cavernicole ed epigee, di 1901-12-02. varie famiglie (Araneae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 85, 461-541. Buchar, J. & Dolanský, J. (2011). New records of References wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) in the Anonymous. (2012). Mediterranean. Klapalekiana, 47, 5-11. http://www.csb.gov.tr/turkce/dosya Coşar, İ. (2015). Four new records for the spider /ced/icdr2011/sinop_icdr2011.pdf. 2011 Yılı fauna of Turkey (Araneae: Salticidae). İl Çevre Durum Raporu, Sinop. (accessed: Turkish Journal of Zoology, 39, 368-371. 03.02.2015) Coşar, İ. & Varol, İ. (2016). Six new records for Bayram, A. (1987). Doğu Dağları the spider fauna of Turkey (Araneae: Örümcekleri (Yüksek Lisans Tezi, MSc). Salticidae) Turkish Journal of Entomology, Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 40(2), 157-163. Ankara. Coşar, İ., Danışman, T. & Tarlabölen, R. (2016). Bayram, A. (2002). Distributions of Turkish A new crab spider record from Turkey Spiders. In: Demirsoy, A., Ed. Zoogeography (Araneae: Thomisidae). Serket, 15(2), 104- of Turkey. Meteksan Pub., Ankara, 1005p. 106. Bayram, A., Yiğit, N., Danışman, T., Çorak. İ., Coşar, İ., Danışman, T. & Kartaler, M. (2017). Sancak, Z. & Ulaşoğlu, D. (2007). Venomous Three new records for the spider fauna of spiders of turkey (Araneae), Journal of Turkey (Araneae: Gnaphosidae). Indian Applied Biological Sciences, 1 (3), 33-36. Journal of Arachnology, 6(1), 34-38. Bayram, A., Kunt, K.B. & Danışman, T. (2017). Danışman, T. (2014). First record of the linyphiid The checklist of the spiders of Turkey. spider Walckenaeria furcillata (Menge, 1869) Version 2017, Online at (Araneae, Linyphiidae) in Turkey. Serket, http://www.spidersofturkey.info 14(2), 68-70.

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