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A Paper on Cretaceous Fossil Spiders from Myanmar and a Paper on Extant Spiders from Portugal (Arachnida: Araneae)

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A Paper on Cretaceous Fossil Spiders from Myanmar and a Paper on Extant Spiders from Portugal (Arachnida: Araneae) A PAPER ON CRETACEOUS FOSSIL BEITR. ARANEOL., 14 (2021) Joerg Wunderlich & (2021) Patrick Müller SPIDERS FROM MYANMAR AND A PAPER 14 ON EXTANT SPIDERS FROM PORTUGAL (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE) A PAPER ON CRETACEOUS FOSSIL BEITR. ARANEOL., 14 (2021) SPIDERS FROM MYANMAR AND A BEITR. ARANEOL., PAPER ON EXTANT SPIDERS FROM Joerg Wunderlich (ed.) PORTUGAL (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE) In this paper I (JW) try to round off the “trinity of fossil spider faunas” of three vanished worlds: of the Dominican, Baltic and Burmese (Kachin) ambers (from ca. 22, 45 and 100 (!) million years ago), which I treated in about a dozen volumes concerning the most diverse group of predatory animals of this planet, the spiders (Araneae). We treat in short the cannibalism of few Cretaceous spiders and provide notes on their orb webs. The focus of this study is the diverse fauna of the higher strata which is preserved in Burmese (Kachin) amber. Probably as the most IMPORTANT GENERAL RESULTS I found the Mid Cretaceous Burmese spider fauna to be at least as diverse as the fauna of today but composed by quite different groups and – in contrast to most groups of insects - by numerous (more than 60 %) extinct families of which apparently not a single genus survived. I identified and described ca. 300 species (55 families) of spiders in Burmese (Kachin) amber and estimate that probably more than three thousand spider species lived 100 million years ago in this ancient forest which was a tropical rain forest. What will be the number of spider species (and other animals) that survives the next 100 years in the endangered rain forest of today in Myanmar? A second IMPORTANT GENERAL RESULT: probably during the last 60-70 million years ancient spider groups of the “Middle age of the Earth” (the Mesozoicum) were largely displaced by derived members of the Orb weavers like the well- known Garden Spider (as well as other members of the superfamily Araneoidea) and by spiders like Jumping Spiders, House Spiders and Wolf Spiders (members of the “RTA-clade”) which are very diverse and frequent today. This “modern” spiders evolved apparently during an “explosive era of diversification” near the beginning of the “New age of the Earth” (the Neozoicum) mainly after the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago. ISBN 978-3-931473-20-1 JOERG WUNDERLICH BEITR. ARANEOL., 14 (2021) A PAPER ON CRETACEOUS FOSSIL SPIDERS FROM MYANMAR AND A PAPER ON EXTANT SPIDERS FROM PORTUGAL (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE) BEITRAEGE ZUR ARANEOLOGIE (BEITR. ARANEOL.), 14 (2021) ISBN 978-3-931473-20-1 Publishing House and editor: JOERG WUNDERLICH, D-69493 Hirschberg, e-mail: [email protected]. Website: www.joergwunderlich.de. – Here a digital version of this book can be found. Print: BAIER Digitaldruck, 69126 Heidelberg. 1 BEITR. ARANEOL., 14 (2021) Photo and drawings on the book cover: The PHOTO shows the dorsal aspect of a fossil male of the family Uloboridae (Hackled Band Orb-weavers), Paramiagrammopes curvatus n. sp. preserved in Burmese (Kachin) amber, body length 2.1 mm, which lived 100 million years ago, see p. 148. - The DRAWINGS below show left the right as- pect of the strange male spider Longissipalpus impudicus n. sp., 2.8 mm long, of the extinct family Pholcochyroceridae (see p. 73) whose extremely long and slender copu- latory organs (pedipalpi, short arrows) are 3.6 times longer than the body. Its left an- terior femur is drawn dotted, the terminal article of its right pedipalpus (enlarged, long arrow) documents the excellent preservation of the structures of the copulatory organ in the proper sense, which is most important for the determination. In this volume 14 of the Beitr. Araneol. (Beiträge zur Araneologie) a short paper on ex- tant spiders (Araneae) of Portugal, a large paper on fossil spiders in Cretaceous Burmese amber and a supplement on new synonymy/homonymy are united. Acknowledgements: For correcting parts of the manuscript I thank very much my dear and patient wife Ruthild Schöneich. Contents page WUNDERLICH, J.: Few new, rare or special species of spiders from the Algarve, Portugal (Arachnida: Araneae)..............................................................3-24 WUNDERLICH, J. & MÜLLER, P.: Descriptions of new fossil spiders (Arach- nida: Araneae) in Late (Mid) Cretaceous Burmese amber with focus on the superfamilies Palpimanoidea and Deinopoidea and members of the RTA-clade, as well as remarks on palaeobehaviour, palaeofauna, taxo- nomy and phylogenetics .................................................................................25-262 (Included: WUNDERLICH, J.: Supplement, new synonymy .......................193-194) 2 BEITR. ARANEOL., 14 (2021: 3-24) FEW NEW, RARE OR SPECIAL SPECIES OF SPIDERS FROM THE ALGARVE, PORTUGAL (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE) JOERG WUNDERLICH, D-69493 Hirschberg, e-mail: [email protected]. Website: www.joergwunderlich.de. – Here a digital version of this paper can be found. Abstract: Algarveneta corona n. gen n. sp. (Linyphiidae) and Histopona litoralis n. sp. (Agelenidae) (Araneae) are described from the East Algarve (Southern Portugal). Information is provided for species of five further spider families. Euryopis sexal- bomaculata (LUCAS 1846) (Theridiidae), Trachyzelotes adriaticus CAPORIACCO 1951 (Gnaphosidae) and Tmarus punctatissimus (SIMON 1870) (Thomisidae) are new for the fauna of Portugal. Key words: Agelenidae, Algarve, Araneae, Gnaphosidae, Linyphiidae, Philodromidae, Portugal, spiders, Synaphridae, Theridiidae, Thomisidae. In this paper I treat some new, rare or special species of spiders of seven families from the Algarve (Portugal) – see, e. g., WUNDERLICH, (2020: 4-18) – which were mainly collected at the beginning of the bad era of the Corona virus pandemic in the Spring of 2020. Corrections regarding the paper by WUNDERLICH, J. (2020): Portugal: The species Anatolidion gentile and Heliophanus ramosus were first reported for the East Algarve but not for the whole of Portugal. 3 CONTENTS page Agyneta pseudorurestris WUNDERLICH 1980.............................................................4 Algarveneta corona n. gen. n. sp. (Linyphiidae) .........................................................5 Diplocephalus toscanensis WUNDERLICH 1911 (Linyphiidae) ..................................7 Cepheia longiseta (SIMON 1881) (Synaphridae) ........................................................8 Anatolidion gentile (SIMON 1881) (Theridiidae) ........................................................10 Euryopis sexalbomacuata (LUCAS 1846) (Theridiidae) ............................................10 Lasaeola convexa (BLACKWALL 1870) (Theridiidae) ...............................................11 Lasaeola testaceomarginata (SIMON 1881) (Theridiidae) ........................................11 Theridion genistae SIMON 1873 (Theridiidae) ..........................................................12 Platnickina nigropunctata (LUCAS 1846) (Theridiidae) .............................................12 Histopona litoralis n. sp. (Agelenidae) .......................................................................13 Trachyzelotes adriaticus (CAPORIACCO 1951) (Gnaphosidae) ...............................14 Pulchellodromus bistigma (SIMON 1870), P. pulchellus (LUCAS 1846) and P. simoni MELLO-LEITAO 1929 (Philodromidae)............................................15 Tmarus punctatissimus (SIMON 1870) (Thomisidae) ................................................15 Family LINYPHIIDAE Agyneta pseudorurestris WUNDERLICH 1980 Material: S-Portugal, SE-Algarve, ca. 12 km WNW Tavira, under a stone in the shad- ow, 1 subad. ♂ JW leg. in VI 2020, adult 10. VII 2020, CJW. Note on the present ♂: The sequence of the dorsal tibial bristles is 2/2/2/2, further leg bristles are absent. The colour of the body is uniformly dark brown to black. Distribution: Europe. 4 Algarveneta n. gen. Etymology: The name refers to the distribution of the spider, the Algarve in Portugal, and the second part to the name of the similar genus Agyneta. The gender of the name is feminine. Type species (by monotypy): Algarveneta corona n. sp. Diagnostic characters: Chelicerae (fig.1) large, not diverging or smaller distally; ♂- pedipalpus (figs. 2-5): Patella with an indistinct dorsal bristle, tibia also with an indis- tinct dorsal bristle and retroapically bulging, cymbium unmodified and not raised, paracymbium with a single tooth, lamella characteristica long, slender, pointed and bent, shape and position of the embolus unsure. ♀: Pedipalpal tarsus (fig. 8) blunt (not pointed), claw absent; epigyne/vulva (figs. 9-11) with an outgrowth in front of the small and rounded scape. Further characters: Prosoma slightly saddle-shaped (fig. 1), eyes quite similar to Iber- oneta nasewoa DEELEMEN-REINHOLD 1985, anterior margin of the fang furrow with three (rarely two) teeth (fig. 7), posterior margin with a “serrated” border, tricho- bothrium on metatarsus IV absent, bristles: Femora: Only a single one prolaterally on I, tibiae: Dorsally 1/1, laterally: A pair on I, 1 retrolaterally on II, a single dorsal bristle on metatarsus I-III, trichobothrium on metatarsus IV absent, prosoma medium grey to dark brown, ♂/♀ ca. 0.6/0.75 mm long, opisthosoma medium dark grey to uniformly black. Relationships: According to the taxonomic characters published by SAARISTO & TANASEVITCH (1996) – e. g. to the existence of FICKERT’s gland - the species is a member of the subfamily Micronetinae; based on the shape of the prosoma, the low number of leg bristles and the absence of a tarsal claw of the ♀-pedipalpus I
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